Assessment of depression and diabetes distress in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care hospital of South India

Background: Depression is one of the many complications seen among diabetics. Depression leads to lack of self-care by the diabetic and endangers the therapeutic compliance, accounting for a derangement in metabolic control which in turn causes further diabetic complications and may even result in hospitalization. This leads to an increase in depressive symptoms and thus the vicious cycle continues.Methods: It is a Descriptive, cross sectional study conducted in the Medicine outpatient department. Depression was assessed by Hamilton depression rating scale. Diabetic distress was assessed by diabetic distress scale.Results: Out of the 250 study participants, 142 (56.8%) were found to be suffering from depression and 6 (2.4%) were found to have diabetes distress. The magnitude of depression was similar in both male and female. Depression was high among illiterates, unemployed (70%), single, separated individuals and patients with complications of diabetes. There was no significant association between religion and low economic status with depression. Treatment modalities, complications of diabetes, sociodemographic factors like age, sex, occupation, education, marital status, religion and socio-economic status had no significant correlation with diabetic distress. But there was a statistically significant association between diabetic distress and co-morbid conditions. 95.8% with depression had no distress and this association was found to be statistically significant (0.038).Conclusions: The magnitude of depression and distress is much high among diabetics. Early detection, counselling and treatment are required for all diabetics, especially those who have additional risk factors for the development of depression.

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Low knowledge of osteoporosis and its risk factors in urban Indian adults from Pune city, India

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018003634 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nidhi Kadam ◽

Shashi Chiplonkar ◽

Anuradha Khadilkar ◽

Vaman Khadilkar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Economic Status ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Indian Men

AbstractObjectiveTo assess knowledge of osteoporosis and its risk factors and to explore associations between knowledge and various sociodemographic factors in Indian adults.DesignCross-sectional study. The Revised Osteoporosis Knowledge Test (OKT) was used to assess knowledge of osteoporosis. Four scores (OKT-total, range 0–32; OKT-exercise, range 0–20; OKT-nutrition, range 0–26; OKT-risk factors, range 0–14) were generated by giving 1 point to every correct answer and 0 points for incorrect or ‘not known’ answers.SettingTertiary-care hospital in Pune city, India.ParticipantsAdults aged 40–75 years (n477; 234 males) enrolled through voluntary routine health checks and health camps.ResultsMean age of the study population was 54·6 (sd9·5) years. Half the participants were aware of osteoporosis and could correctly define it. Women showed significantly higher median OKT-total and OKT-nutrition scores than men (P<0·05). Those with higher education and higher socio-economic status had significantly higher scores in both men and women (P<0·05). All four scores were significantly higher in both men and women who could correctly define osteoporosis (P<0·05). All four scores were significantly higher in women with a family history of osteoporosis (P<0·05) but not in men (P>0·1).ConclusionsUnderstanding about osteoporosis and its risk factors is low in the present cohort of Indian men and women. There is need to create awareness programmes aimed at both men and women especially targeting those with lower education, lower socio-economic status and no previous exposure to osteoporosis.

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Awareness of Foot Care Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus attending a Tertiary Care Hospital

International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research ◽

10.14741/ijmcr/v.6.2.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Dr.P. Ganesh Kumar MS. ◽

Dr.P. Venkateswaran MS ◽

Damini. T

Keyword(s):

Economic Status ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Foot Care ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Good Score ◽

Convenience Sampling

Objective: To assess the awareness of diabetes foot and care for foot in known diabetic patients. Methods: A cross- sectional study was carried out using non probability convenience sampling wherein 150 diabetic respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. A pre tested questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge and practices regarding foot care. 14 questions were asked and one point was allotted for each of 7 questions among them. A score of more than 70% (5-7) was considered good, score of 40% - 70% (3 – 5) was considered satisfactory and less than 40% (below 3) was considered poor. Results: The age of the respondents selected was above 50 years. About 48.7% of the respondents had good awareness, 38.6% had satisfactory awareness and 12.7% had poor awareness. Literacy status of the respondents seems to have a significant association with their awareness. Economic status is not a significant factor.

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DEPRESSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A STUDY ON CAREGIVERS OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.2971 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 1933-36

Author(s):

Nomita Sohail ◽

Shiraz Hussain ◽

Siddique Kakar ◽

Sana Khan ◽

Mohsin Alimudin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Economic Status ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Female Gender ◽

Target Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socio Economic Status

Objective: To determine the frequency and association of depression among caregivers of psychiatric patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Study place and duration: Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2016 to Apr 2017. Methodology: A total of 200 caregivers of psychiatric patients were included in this study. Each caregiver was interviewed by a consultant psychiatrist to measure the frequency of depression according to International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD10) criteria and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score of >8. Socio-demographic factors were associated with presence of depression by using chi-square test. Results: The mean age observed was 35.36 ± 8.39 years. There were 84 (42%) males and 116 (58%) females. Depression was found in 95 (47.5%) caregivers of psychiatric patients in our analysis. Female gender, low socio-economic status and type of psychiatric illness had significant relationship with presence of depression among our target population. Conclusion: Depression was a highly common undiagnosed entity among the caregivers of psychiatric patients. Female caregivers or caregivers with low socio-economic status should be screened especially for depression in addition to caregivers of patients suffering from psychotic illness.

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Prevalence and determinants of depression in females with primary infertility.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.03.4731 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (03) ◽

pp. 372-376

Author(s):

Sundus Fatima ◽

Zaidan Idrees Choudhary ◽

Nariman Haider ◽

Fareed Aslam Minhas ◽

Sadia Yasir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Psychological Intervention ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Infertility

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of depression in females with primary infertility at a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi and identify the factors associated with the condition. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Setting: Infertility Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gyanecology, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: February to August 2016. Material & Methods: Females between the ages of 18 and 40 years with primary infertility were included in the study. The presence and severity of depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Socio-demographic details and clinical information was collected on a pre-designed proforma. Results: A total of 102 females were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 31 years with a STD of ± 4.3 years. 78.4% (n=80) patients were suffering from depression on the basis of HAM-D scores. 18 (17.6%) had mild depression, 34 (33.3%) had moderate depression, 20 (19.6%) had severe depression and 8 (7.8%) patients had very severe depression. An analysis of the socio-demographic factors showed that a majority of the females were educated, housewives and living in extended families. The frequency of depression was significantly associated with a low monthly household income (p=0.046). Conclusion: A high proportion of females with primary infertility suffer from depression. Screening for psychiatric illnesses should be part of the standard evaluation of these patients. Early detection and timely psychological intervention can lead to a significant reduction in long-term morbidity.

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IMMUNIZATION OF CHILDREN

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.04.344 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (04) ◽

pp. 551-556

Author(s):

Ali Ahmad ◽

Noor Ul Ain ◽

Jamal Abdul Nasir ◽

Waleed Ahmed Mir ◽

Sumair Anwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Economic Status ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Urban Slum ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Slum Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lahore City

Objectives: To ascertain the level of awareness and the preliminaryunderstanding about the importance and the practice of immunization of children among themothers hailing from an adjoining slum area while visiting a nearby tertiary care hospital atLahore. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The respondents of this study werethe mothers coming from an urban slum area and visiting the pediatrics outpatient departmentof a nearby tertiary care hospital in Lahore city. Period: May 2016 to July 2016. Methods: 60mothers of reproductive age and all having children in the ages needing routine immunizationcoverage through expanded programme on immunization. Convenient sampling techniquewas adopted to select the respondents. Data was collected through a questionnaire which wasfilled during face-to-face interview of each voluntary participant. Results: 34.3% respondentshad general awareness about immunization of children, and out of them, only 6% mothers hadadditional understanding of the rationale for the immunization. 45% mothers had only partialawareness about immunization with no understanding of its rationale. 20% respondents had nosignificant awareness. Overall 10% of all the respondents had the knowledge about the need ofbooster doses of certain vaccines administered in expanded programme on immunization. Theawareness about the names of diseases prevented through the routine and free vaccinationprogramme was associated with the literacy level and socio-economic status of the respondingmothers. Conclusion: Inadequate awareness and basic understanding about immunizationwas found by this small study conducted among the mothers coming from an adjoining slumarea of a tertiary care hospital in Lahore city.

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Study of Menopausal Symptoms using Menopause Rating Scale at a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.5200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (230) ◽

Author(s):

Asmita Pandey ◽

Chanda Karki ◽

Veena Rani Shrivastava ◽

Dipty Shrestha ◽

Pratigyan Gautam

Keyword(s):

Binary Data ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Menopausal Symptoms ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Perimenopausal Women ◽

Menopause Rating Scale

Introduction: Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation for more than a year resulting from the loss of follicular activity of the ovaries. It is manifested by vasomotor, psychological, and urogenital symptoms which can be assessed by an internationally accepted scale known as Menopause Rating Scale. This study was conducted to find out the issues of perimenopausal women and proceed for management and proper counseling. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among women visiting the gynecological outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital from June 2017 to May 2018 using the Menopause Rating Scale. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (reference number: 20122016). Convenient sampling was done. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Point estimate at 90% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 189 perimenopausal women interviewed, the mean age of menopause was found to be 50.2±2.1 years. The most common gynecological symptoms among the study population was abnormal uterine bleeding 66 (34.9%) followed by abnormal vaginal discharge 50 (26.5%). Among symptoms in Menopause Rating Scale, the depressive mood was found in 99 (52.4%) cases followed by joint and muscular discomfort 88 (46.6%) and bladder problems in 87 (46%). None of the women had a score on the Menopause Rating Scale more than 16 and did not require management for their problem. Conclusions: Most of the women didn't know menopausal symptoms. However, none required intervention from gynecologists for their problems reflecting better quality of life.

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Sociodemographic characSociodemographic characteristics and assessment of severity in organophosphorus poisoning in a tertiary care hospitalteristics and assessment of severity in Organophosphorous poisoning in a Tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173950 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 3786

Author(s):

Sidhart Timsinha ◽

Rajesh K. Shah ◽

Suvarna M. Kar

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Score ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Acute Poisoning ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Organophosphorus Poisoning ◽

Main Motive

Background: In Nepal pesticide poisoning is a common problem and organophosphorus poisoning (OP) is the most common form of acute poisoning responsible for majority of deaths. However, sufficient data is still lacking from Western region of Nepal. The present study analysed the sociodemographic factors of OP poisoning cases, the association of severity based on admission clinical score (POP scale) and lag time with mortality.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in patients of organophosphorus poisoning, admitted to our casualty ward during a period of one-year June 2015 to 2016.Results: In this study incidence of OP poisoning was more in females 51 (65.38%) compared to males 27 (34.46%). The commonest age group involved in poisoning was 21-30 years 30 (38.4%). Housewives 32 (41.02%) were the commonest victims of poisoning. Incidence was high during rainy season 34 (43.58%) and mainly during late hours 27 (34.61%) of the day. Majority 24 (30.76%) cases reached hospital within 2 hours of poison intake. Methyl parathion (Metacid) 24 (30.76%) was the commonest OP compound consumed by the victims. Suicide 62 (79.48%) was the main motive of poison intake and financial problem (37.17%) was the main reason behind poison ingestion. In majority of the cases the sign and symptoms were mild (80.76%) in severity. In this study majority of the victims survived (9.30%) with prompt and appropriate treatment.Conclusions: The numbers of OP poisoning cases are increasing every year and poisoning is seen commonly in younger age groups. Therefore, strict legislature on the availability of OP compounds, preventive measures and appropriate health education should be introduced to decrease the incidence.

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Psychological Impact among COVID-19 Positive Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/47531.14561 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Poonam Bharti ◽

Bimal Kumar Agrawal ◽

Parul Gupta ◽

Mohit Singla ◽

LN Garg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Marital Status ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Cross Sectional

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak is one of the biggest medical challenges to humankind in recent times, started from China in December 2019, and had spread to almost all the countries of the world. The social, psychological and economic fissures exposed by the pandemic resulted in mass disruption in human behaviour population. This is pushing them towards more stress. Aim: To analyse the anxiety and depressive symptoms in COVID-19 positive patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 325 COVID positive patients who were admitted in isolation ward in Tertiary Care Centre and were enrolled in this study, out of which 18 subjects refused to give the consent and 5 were already taking psychiatric medications and were excluded. Telephonic contact was not established with rest of the 5 patients. After ethical clearance, the anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed by using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Results: Maximum patients belonged to age group of 21-40 years (54.9%). Maximum patients were males (70%). Almost 3/4th of the population 64% had depressive symptoms of different severity and 61% had anxiety symptoms. Significant association of anxiety symptoms was seen with gender (p=0.001) and marital status (p=0.002). No association with depressive symptoms was seen with gender (p=0.087) and marital status (p=0.399). Conclusion: COVID-19 had significant impact on the patients. More than half of the population had showed the psychological issues in the form of anxiety and depression. Males and married patients were affected more with both anxiety and depressive symptoms.

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