Seroprevalence of chikungunya fever virus and O’nyong Nyong fever virus among febrile patients visiting selected hospitals in 2011-2012 Trans Nzoia County, Kenya

Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus in the Semliki Forest complex, and is most closely related to O’Nyong Nyong virus (ONNV). CHIKV and ONNV are mosquito-borne alphaviruses endemic in East Africa that cause acute febrile illness and arthralgia. The objectives of this study were to measure seroprevalence of CHIKV and ONNV in selected health facilities in Western Kenya and link it to demographics and other risk factors.Methods: The study design was cross sectional in selected health facilities. We tested for anti-CHIKV antibodies using In-house Indirect IgG Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and In-house IgM Capture ELISA and confirmed with Focus Reduction Neutralization Test (FRNT) for specific alphavirus neutralizing antibodies against CHIKV or ONNV. Mean, median and standard deviation were used to summarize the data. Comparisons of means and medians were done using Student’s t test. Prevalence rates were determined using descriptive statistics (e.g. proportions, rates).Results: From the 382 samples that were successfully collected, 114 (29.84%) had anti-CHIKV antibodies by the ELISA test. Of these, 27 (7.1%) had CHIKV-specific neutralizing antibodies and 5 (1.3%) had ONNV-specific neutralizing antibodies. Age was significantly associated with seropositivity (OR=1.03; P=0.015, 95% C.I 1.01-1.06). Males were less likely to be seropositive (OR=0.67; P=0.358, 95% C.I 0.27-1.52). Risk factors associated with seropositivity included collecting firewood (OR=2.73 95% 1.13- 6.41) and walls with holes and cracks (OR=0.23 95% C.I 0.04 -0.86).Conclusions: Both CHIKV and ONNV infections were confirmed in the participants’ more so in women and adults, demonstrating undocumented and ongoing transmission in Western Kenya. In 2011 and 2012 CHIKV and ONNV contributed 8.4% of fevers presented in the three selected health facilities in Western Kenya.

Download Full-text

SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies Seroprevalence and Sera Neutralizing Activity in MEXICO: A National Cross-Sectional Study during 2020

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9040850 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 850

Author(s):

José Esteban Muñoz-Medina ◽

Concepción Grajales-Muñiz ◽

Angel Gustavo Salas-Lais ◽

Larissa Fernandes-Matano ◽

Constantino López-Macías ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Molecular Diagnostic ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neutralizing Activity

Until recently, the incidence of COVID-19 was primarily estimated using molecular diagnostic methods. However, the number of cases is vastly underreported using these methods. Seroprevalence studies estimate cumulative infection incidences and allow monitoring of transmission dynamics, and the presence of neutralizing antibodies in the population. In February 2020, the Mexican Social Security Institute began conducting anonymous unrelated sampling of residual sera from specimens across the country, excluding patients with fever within the previous two weeks and/or patients with an acute respiratory infection. Sampling was carried out weekly and began 17 days before Mexico’s first officially confirmed case. The 24,273 sera obtained were analyzed by chemiluminescent-linked immunosorbent assay (CLIA) IgG S1/S2 and, later, positive cases using this technique were also analyzed to determine the rate of neutralization using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We identified 40 CLIA IgG positive cases before the first official report of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Mexico. The national seroprevalence was 3.5% in February and 33.5% in December. Neutralizing activity among IgG positives patients during overall study period was 86.1%. The extent of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in Mexico is 21 times higher than that reported by molecular techniques. Although the general population is still far from achieving herd immunity, epidemiological indicators should be re-estimated based on serological studies of this type.

Download Full-text

Development of specific immunity in laboratory animals after co-immunization against seasonal influenza and COVID-19

Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology ◽

10.36233/0372-9311-183 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 648-656

Author(s):

G. M. Ignatyev ◽

I. A. Leneva ◽

A. V. Atrasheuskaya ◽

L. I. Kozlovskaya ◽

N. P. Kartashova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

Neutralization Test ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Control Measures ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Specific Immunity ◽

Influenza Prevention

Introduction. In clinical practice, the differential diagnosis of COVID-19 can be challenging during the flu season, entailing serious consequences such as delays in appropriate control measures against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Another problem is posed by co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus (IV), which significantly contributes to the severity of the COVID-19 disease. This study was aimed to explore the cross-impact of co-administration of Russian influenza and COVID-19 vaccines on development of specific immunity in laboratory animals.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on BALB/c mice. The animals were inoculated intramuscularly with the vaccine for COVID-19 prevention (CoviVac) and the vaccine for influenza prevention (Flu-M). The sera from the immunized animals were examined separately. Three IV strains were used in the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Antibodies (Abs) against SARS-CoV-2 were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The neutralization test was performed to detect virus neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and IV.Results. Relatively high titers of specific Abs were found in the groups of animals inoculated with one vaccine and with two vaccines concurrently. In the groups of animals inoculated with CoviVac and with two vaccines concurrently, both in the ELISA test and in the neutralization test, the average titers of specific Abs against SARSCoV- 2 did not demonstrate any statistical difference. The group of animals inoculated concurrently with two vaccines demonstrated statistically higher titers of Abs against IV after the second immunization compared to the group of animals inoculated with Flu-M.Discussion. The study has shown that post-vaccination immunity both to IV and to SARS-CoV-2 develops after co-vaccination with two vaccines. The observed enhanced post-vaccination immune response to IV in the coimmunized laboratory animals needs further research.Conclusion. The performed studies suggest the possibility of co-administration of two vaccines to prevent influenza and COVID-19.

Download Full-text

Outbreak of Measles in vaccinated population in Southeastern Nigeria

African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology ◽

10.4314/ajcem.v22i3.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 336-343

Author(s):

J.A. Shenge ◽

G.N. Odaibo ◽

D.O. Olaleye

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Measles Virus ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

Lassa Fever ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Southeastern Nigeria ◽

Lassa Fever Virus

Background: Outbreaks of respiratory disease, febrile illness and rash occurred in two adjoining rural communities of Imo State, Southeastern, Nigeria, at different times between 2006 and 2020. Laboratory investigation was carried out to determine the aetiological agent of the outbreak. Methodology: Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 6 individuals showing symptoms of disease, within 3-4 days of appearance of rash. Venous blood samples were also collected from a total of 41 symptomatic persons, their contacts and individuals with resolved infections. Swabs were inoculated into Vero, HEp-2c, B95a and MDCK cell lines. Sera were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin G and M to rubella and measles viruses, while immunofluorescence assay was used to detect Lassa fever virus immunoglobulins. Descriptive data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Four of the 6 (66.7%) swab samples showed viral activity or cytopathic effect characterized by clumping of cells in Vero cells while 2 (33.3%) in Hep-2c characterized by rounding up of cells. Thirty-nine (95.1%) sera were positive for measles IgG while 13 (31.7%) were positive for IgM. Thirty-six (87.8%) sera were positive for rubella IgG but none was positive for IgM. None of the sera was positive for Lassa fever virus IgG and IgM. Conclusion: Measles virus was responsible for the outbreak among previously vaccinated population in the communities, while Rubella and Lassa fever viruses were excluded as the etiological agents of the outbreak. Keywords: Epidemics; IgG and IgM; Cell lines; Vaccination; Measles virus French title: Épidémie de rougeole dans la population vaccinée du sud-est du Nigéria Contexte: Des flambées de maladies respiratoires, de maladies fébriles et d'éruptions cutanées sont survenues dans deux communautés rurales voisines de l'État d'Imo, dans le sud-est du Nigéria, à des moments différents entre 2006 et 2020. Une enquête en laboratoire a été menée pour déterminer l'agent étiologique de l'épidémie. Méthodologie: Des écouvillons oropharyngés ont été prélevés sur 6 individus présentant des symptômes de maladie, dans les 3 à 4 jours suivant l'apparition de l'éruption cutanée. Des échantillons de sang veineux ont également été prélevés sur un total de 41 personnes symptomatiques, leurs contacts et des personnes souffrant d'infections résolues. Des écouvillons ont été inoculés dans des lignées cellulaires Vero, HEp-2c, B95a et MDCK. Les sérums ont été analysés en utilisant un test immuno-enzymatique (ELISA) pour les immunoglobulines G et M contre les virus de la rubéole et de la rougeole, tandis que le test d'immunofluorescence a été utilisé pour détecter les immunoglobulines du virus de la fièvre de Lassa. Les données descriptives ont été analysées à l'aide du progiciel statistique pour les sciences sociales (SPSS). Résultats: Quatre des 6 échantillons sur écouvillon (66,7%) ont montré une activité virale ou un effet cytopathique caractérisé par l'agglutination des cellules dans les cellules Vero, tandis que 2 (33,3%) dans Hep-2c étaient caractérisés par un arrondissement des cellules. Trente-neuf (95,1%) sérums étaient positifs pour les IgG contre la rougeole tandis que 13 (31,7%) étaient positifs pour les IgM. Trente-six (87,8%) sérums étaient positifs pour les IgG contre la rubéole, mais aucun n'était positif pour les IgM. Aucun des sérums n'était positif pour les IgG et IgM du virus de la fièvre de Lassa. Conclusion: Le virus de la rougeole était responsable de l'épidémie parmi la population précédemment vaccinée dans les communautés, tandis que les virus de la rubéole et de la fièvre de Lassa ont été exclus comme agents étiologiques de l'épidémie. Mots clés: épidémies; IgG et IgM; Lignées cellulaires; Vaccination; Virus de la rougeole

Download Full-text

Isolation Coronavirus and Rotavirus Associated With Calves, in Central Part of Oromia, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39022/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Umer Seid ◽

Fufa Dawo ◽

Munera Ahmednur ◽

Asamino Tesfaye

Keyword(s):

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Rotavirus Infection

Abstract Background: Coronavirus and Rotavirus are most commonly associated etiologies for calves’ diarrhea resulting in loss of productivity and economy of farmers. However, various facets of diarrheal disease caused by coronavirus and rotavirus in calves in Ethiopia are inadequately understood. A cross sectional study was conducted with the aim of isolation and molecular characterization of coronavirus and rotavirus from calves in central part of Oromia (Bishoftu, Sebata, Holeta and Addis Ababa), Ethiopia from November 2018 to May 2019. The four study areas were purposively selected and fecal samples were collected by simple random sampling for diagnosis of coronavirus and rotavirus infection by using antigen detection Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA) kit. In addition, this study was carried out to have insight in prevalence and associated risk factors of coronavirus and rotavirus infection in calves. Result: During the study 83 diarrheic and 162 non-diarrheic fecal samples collected from calves less than 4 weeks of age were screened for coronavirus and rotavirus. Of the 83 diarrheic samples, 1 sample (1.2%) was positive for coronavirus antigen (Ag) and 6 samples (7.2%) were found to be positive for rotavirus antigen (Ag) by Ag-ELISA. All the non-diarrheic samples were negative for both coronavirus and rotavirus Ag. The overall prevalence of coronavirus and rotavirus infection in calves were estimated as 0.4% (1/245) and 2.45% (6/245) respectively. All samples (7) of ELISA test positive of both coronavirus and rotavirus were propagated in Madin Darby bovine kidney cells (MDBK). After 3 subsequent passages, progressive cytopathic effect (CPE) i.e. rounding, detachment as well as destruction of mono-layer cell of five sample (1 sample of coronavirus and 4 sample of rotavirus) (71.4%) were observed. At the molecular stage, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was used to determine the presence of coronavirus and rotavirus nucleic acid by using specific primers. The 5 samples that were coronavirus and rotavirus antigen positive by ELISA and develop CPE on cell culture were also positive on RT-PCR technique. Infection prevalence peaked have been obtained at 1st and 2nd weeks of age in male calves. Conclusion: Diarrheal disease caused by coronavirus and rotavirus has a great health problem in calves that interrupts production benefits with reduced weight gain and increased mortality, and its potential for zoonotic spread. So the present findings show coronavirus and rotavirus infection in calves in Ethiopia that needs to be addressed by practicing early colostrums feeding in newborn calves, using vaccine, or improving livestock management.

Download Full-text

Expanded eligibility for HIV testing increases HIV diagnoses—A cross-sectional study in seven health facilities in western Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0225877 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. e0225877 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rachael H. Joseph ◽

Paul Musingila ◽

Fredrick Miruka ◽

Stella Wanjohi ◽

Caroline Dande ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Western Kenya

Download Full-text

Evidence of Chikungunya virus seroprevalence in Myanmar among dengue-suspected patients and healthy volunteers in 2013, 2015, and 2018

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0009961 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0009961

Author(s):

Elizabeth Ajema Chebichi Luvai ◽

Aung Kyaw Kyaw ◽

Nundu Sabiti Sabin ◽

Fuxun Yu ◽

Saw Wut Hmone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Chikungunya Virus ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

Neutralization Assay ◽

Confirmatory Test ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igm Elisa ◽

Focus Reduction

Introduction Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus known to cause acute febrile illness associated with debilitating polyarthritis. In 2019, several institutions in Myanmar reported a CHIKV outbreak. There are no official reports of CHIKV cases between 2011 and 2018. Therefore, this study sought to determine the seroprevalence of CHIKV infection before the 2019 outbreak. Methods A total of 1,544 serum samples were collected from healthy volunteers and patients with febrile illnesses in Yangon, Mandalay, and the Myeik district in 2013, 2015, and 2018. Participants ranged from one month to 65 years of age. Antibody screening was performed with in-house anti-CHIKV IgG and IgM ELISA. A neutralization assay was used as a confirmatory test. Results The seroprevalence of anti-CHIKV IgM and anti-CHIKV IgG was 8.9% and 28.6%, respectively, with an overall seropositivity rate of 34.5%. A focus reduction neutralization assay confirmed 32.5% seroprevalence of CHIKV in the study population. Age, health status, and region were significantly associated with neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and CHIKV seropositivity (p < 0.05), while gender was not (p = 0.9). Seroprevalence in 2013, 2015, and 2018 was 32.1%, 28.8%, and 37.3%, respectively. Of the clinical symptoms observed in participants with fevers, arthralgia was mainly noted in CHIKV-seropositive patients. Conclusion The findings in this study reveal the circulation of CHIKV in Myanmar’s Mandalay, Yangon, and Myeik regions before the 2019 CHIKV outbreak. As no treatment or vaccine for CHIKV exists, the virus must be monitored through systematic surveillance in Myanmar.

Download Full-text

Persistence of Neutralizing Antibody Responses Among Yellow Fever Virus 17D Vaccinees Living in a Nonendemic Setting

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiz374 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 221 (12) ◽

pp. 2018-2025 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bettie W Kareko ◽

Brian L Booty ◽

Chad D Nix ◽

Zoe L Lyski ◽

Mark K Slifka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Yellow Fever Virus ◽

Booster Vaccination ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vaccination History ◽

Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background The once-in-a-lifetime recommendation for vaccination against yellow fever virus (YFV) has been controversial, leading to increased scrutiny of the durability of immunity after 17D vaccination. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of 17D vaccinees living in nonendemic Portland, Oregon. Neutralization assays were used to determine YFV immunity. The relationships between 17D immunity and vaccination history, demographics, and travel were evaluated using nominal logistic regression. Results Seventy-one of 92 (77.2%) subjects were YFV seropositive (90 percent plaque reduction neutralization test ≥1:10) at all timepoints, and 24 of 38 (63.8%) were YFV seropositive at ≥10 years after single-dose vaccination. No relationship was found between YFV immunity and time in endemic countries, other flavivirus immunity, or demographics. Subjects were most likely to become seronegative between 3 and 12 years postvaccination (logistic regression, odds ratio [OR] = 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–2.73). A comparison of our results and 4 previous studies of YFV nonendemic vaccinees found that overall, 79% (95% CI, 70%–86%) of vaccinees are likely to be seropositive ≥10 years postvaccination. Conclusions These results suggest that 1 in 5 17D vaccinees will lack neutralizing antibodies at ~10 years postvaccination, and a booster vaccination should be considered for nonendemic vaccinees before travel to regions where there is a high risk of YFV transmission.

Download Full-text

Dengue pre-vaccination screening test evaluation for the use of dengue vaccine in an endemic area

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0257182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. e0257182

Author(s):

Umaporn Limothai ◽

Sasipha Tachaboon ◽

Janejira Dinhuzen ◽

Taweewun Hunsawong ◽

Prapapun Ong-ajchaowlerd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Reference Method ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Dengue Vaccine ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Low Sensitivity

Background The dengue vaccine (Dengvaxia) is only recommended for individuals with prior dengue infection (PDI). This study aimed to perform a serosurvey to inform decision-making for vaccine introduction and identify appropriate target populations. We also evaluated the performance of the serological tests using plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) as a reference test in identifying PDI to determine suitability for pre-vaccination screening. Methods We enrolled 115 healthy individuals between 10 and 22 years of age living in the Ratchaburi province of Thailand. The serum samples were tested by PRNT to measure the prevalence and concentration of serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies. The performance of the IgG rapid diagnostic test (RDT, SD Bioline, Korea) and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, EUROIMMUN, Germany) in identifying PDI were evaluated by using PRNT as a reference method. Results Ninety-four (81.7%) individuals neutralized one or more dengue serotypes at a titer threshold greater than or equal to 10. Multitypic profiles were observed in 70.4% of the samples which increased to 91.9% in subjects aged 19–22. Among monotypic samples, the highest proportion was reactive against DENV-1 followed by DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. The highest anti-dengue antibody titers were recorded against DENV-1 and increased with age to a geometric mean NT50 titer (GMT) of 188.6 in the 19–22 age group. While both RDT and ELISA exhibited 100% specificity, RDT demonstrated low sensitivity (35%) with ELISA displaying much greater sensitivity (87%). Conclusions Almost 80% of adolescents and youth in Ratchaburi province had already been exposed to one or more of the dengue virus serotypes. The dengue IgG RDT displayed low sensitivity and is likely not be suitable for dengue pre-vaccination screening. These results support the use of IgG ELISA test for dengue vaccination in endemic areas.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of IgG, IgA and IgM against Mycobacterial Antigen in Patients with Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research ◽

10.52403/gijhsr.20210102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 6-12

Author(s):

Ngangom. Arunkumar Singh ◽

Tina Das ◽

Sungdirenla Jamir

Keyword(s):

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Radiological Finding ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Mycobacterial Antigen ◽

Diagnostic Significance ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Acid Fast Bacilli

Tuberculosis (TB) is a specific infectious disease usually caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT). It primarily affects the lungs and causes pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and when it affects other organs it is known as extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). The diagnosis of TB largely depends on case history, clinical examination, radiological finding and subsequent laboratory confirmation by bacteriological examination. But the radiological findings are not specific and the sensitivity of AFB (acid fast bacilli) smear is poor. To overcome this difficulty, various serological tests have been tried. A novel antigen namely A60 antigen was found to be highly immunogenic and this present study was carried out to see the diagnostic significance of the ELISA test for A60 antigen in diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study involving both extrapulmonary TB patients and controls. Their serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) specific toA60 antigen were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. In this study, IgG, IgA and IgM was significantly elevated among the EPTB patients as compared to the controls and the IgA and IgM ELISA test combinations was most ideal in diagnosing EPTB. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, AFB (acid fast bacilli), A60 antigen, ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), Immunoglobulin.

Download Full-text

Seroprevalence of Human Fascioliasis Using ELISA in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Southeast of Iran

Thrita ◽

10.5812/thrita.100042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hosnie Hoseini ◽

Soudabeh Etemadi

Keyword(s):

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Human Fascioliasis ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Statistical Estimations

Background: Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease caused by the liver parasites, Fasciola hepatica, and F. gigantica. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of fascioliasis in Zahedan and the surrounding towns (i.e., Zabol, Chabahar, Iranshahr, etc.) in the Southeast of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017. Based on statistical estimations, 251 human serum samples were collected randomly in Zahedan and surrounding towns (Zabol, Chabahar, Iranshahr, and others), then the samples were analyzed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. A questionnaire was obtained from each individual. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test in SPSS, version 20. Results: Of the 251 samples, the anti-fasciola antibody was detected in 6 (2.40%) samples. There was a significant relationship between the use of local freshwater vegetables and seropositivity to fasciolosis. Conclusions: This study showed that the prevalence of human fascioliasis was higher among women (2.70%) compared to men (0.0%), and raising health levels and health education can reduce the prevalence of human fascioliasis disease.

Download Full-text