scholarly journals Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity of 4-hydrooxy benzalydehide against NSAIDs induced ulcers in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1412
Author(s):  
Rupali V. Jadhav ◽  
V. K. Redasani ◽  
Shankar B. Kalbhare ◽  
Karishma Yadav ◽  
Aryan Langeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Pylorus Ligation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intermediate Dose

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate antiulcer activity of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde against NSAIDs induced ulcer in rats based differences in its morphology, distance with other external landmarks and also to sigmoid and transverse sinuses.Methods: The antiulcer activity of 4-HBD was evaluated using pylorus ligation-aspirin induced ulcer method. Animals of this models were treated with 4-HBD (50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg).Results: It has been observed that 4-HBD at low dose (50mg/kg), intermediate dose (100mg/kg) and high dose (150mg/kg) showed significant increase in pH, significant decrease in gastric volume, significant decrease in ulcer index and significant decrease in total acidity.Conclusions: The impact of 4-HBD therapy with intermediate (100mg/kg, p.o.) dose was observed to be similar with the positive control group.  

GASTRO-PROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF FLOWERS OF HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS (L.) IN MUCOSAL LESION ON RATS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
K. K Agrawal ◽  
A. Verma ◽  
K Singh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Pylorus Ligation ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Ulcer Model

study was conducted to evaluate the gastro-protective activity of aqueous (HAE) and ethanolic (HEE) extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. (Malvaceae) flowers in experimental animals. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were investigated for pylorus ligation and indomethacin induced ulcer models in albino wistar rats. The pH, gastric volume, ulcer index, ulcer score and free and total acidity were determined by pylorus ligation induced ulcer model and ulcer score, ulcer index and percentage protection were determined by Indomethacin induced ulcer model. Phytochemical screening of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were conducted for and it showed that extracts have alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids and mucilage. Both the extracts at dose of 200 and 400mg/kg showed significant (P<0.05) reduction in gastric volume (1.20±0.17, 0.83±0.20, 0.90±0.12, 0.96±0.17) and ulcer index (1.50±0.19, 1.33±0.11, 2.16±0.03, 0.75±0.17, 0.92±0.22, 0.31±0.04, 0.42±0.06, 0.19±0.04) as compared to the control group (1.47±0.15, 3.00±0.21, 1.64±0.13) in both of the models. It can be concluded that both the extracts possess gastro-protective activity that might be due the presence of flavanoids, tannins and/or mucilage.

scholarly journals Organophosphorus Pesticide Malathion and Immunotoxicity: A More Sensitive Toxicological Target and Current Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhan Lou ◽  
Ling Yong ◽  
Weifeng Mao ◽  
Xiao Xiao ◽  
Chunlai Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Background Malathion has been wildly used in agriculture and household pest control for years and can affect human health through drinking water and dietary exposure. This study was to investigate the immunotoxicity of malathion (MLT）on BALA/c mice for the purpose of providing a scientific basis for pesticides registration management of MLT and other pesticides. Methods Female mice were randomly divided into five groups. Both the negative control and the positive control groups of mice were daily gavage with corn oil, and those in the positive control group were intraperitoneal injected with 200 mg/kg bw of cyclophosphamide (CY) 24 h before the end of the study. In the dosage groups, MLT were daily gavage at doses of 16, 65 and 258 mg/kg bw for 30 days, respectively. After exposure, the body weight, the absolute and relative weight of organs, the hematology and clinical chemistry parameters, the splenocyte number, the bone marrow cell classification, histopathology, as well as the cellular immunity, humoral immunity, and non-specific immunity functions of mice were studied. Comparisons between multiple groups were carried out by using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc comparisons tests when equal variances assumed and Dunnett’s T3 post hoc tests when equal variances assumption was not met.ResultsCompared with the negative control group, the low dose of MLT significantly reduced the levels of IL-10, neutrophil, polychromatic erythroblast and monocyte series (P<0.05)，induced atrophy in white pulp of spleen (1/10), which showed an immunosuppression in mice，and increased the absolute and relative weight of thymus (P<0.05). Inhibition of the PFC response, liver injury and thymus atrophy were observed in the high-dose group. What’s more, the IgG level was abnormally elevated with the increase of dose and presented a dose-response relation (P<0.05). ConclusionsThe immunotoxicity of low-dose of MLT is clear from the evidence and the LOAEL of MLT is preliminarily considered to be 16 mg/kg bw. It is much lower than that of the NOAEL (29 mg/kg bw) based on a 2-year chronic toxicity test and carcinogenicity test in rats, which was used to derive the ADI by Joint WHO/FAO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (0.3 mg/kg bw). It indicates that the immune system is a more sensitive target of MLT toxicity.

scholarly journals Intraoperative magnesium infusion during carotid endarterectomy: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 961-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Mack ◽  
Christopher P. Kellner ◽  
Daniel H. Sahlein ◽  
Andrew F. Ducruet ◽  
Grace H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Intravenous Magnesium ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Magnesium Therapy

Object Recent data from both experimental and clinical studies have supported the use of intravenous magnesium as a potential therapy in the setting of cerebral ischemia. This study assessed whether intraoperative magnesium therapy improves neuropsychometric testing (NPT) following carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods One hundred eight patients undergoing CEA were randomly assigned to receive placebo infusion or 1 of 3 magnesium-dosing protocols. Neuropsychometric testing was performed 1 day after surgery and compared with baseline performance. Assessment was also performed on a set of 35 patients concurrently undergoing lumbar laminectomy to serve as a control group for NPT. A forward stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of magnesium therapy on NPT. A subgroup analysis was then performed, analyzing the impact of each intraoperative dose on NPT. Results Patients treated with intravenous magnesium infusion demonstrated less postoperative neurocognitive impairment than those treated with placebo (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10–0.74, p = 0.01). When stratified according to dosing bolus and intraoperative magnesium level, those who were treated with low-dose magnesium had less cognitive decline than those treated with placebo (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02–0.50, p < 0.01). Those in the high-dose magnesium group demonstrated no difference from the placebo-treated group. Conclusions Low-dose intraoperative magnesium therapy protects against neurocognitive decline following CEA.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Property of the Egyptian Propolis Extract Versus Aluminum Silicate Intoxication on a Rat’s Lung: Histopathological Studies

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5821
Author(s):  
Ali H. Abu Almaaty ◽  
Yasmin M. Abd El-Aziz ◽  
Nahed A. Omar ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdeen ◽  
Hala Afifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Propolis Extract

In this study, we evaluated the inflammatory responses induced by aluminum silicate (AS) cytotoxicity in rat lungs. The prophylactic effect of propolis extract was evaluated in 60 adult male albino rats. The rats were divided into six groups: (1) a normal, healthy control group; (2) a normal group fed with 200 mL of propolis extract/Kg; (3) a low-dose positive control group injected with 5 mg/kg of AS; (4) a treated group given propolis and a low dose of AS; (5) a high-dose positive control group injected with 20 mg/kg of AS; and (6) a treated group given propolis with a high-dose of AS. At the end of the two-month experiment, the rats’ lungs were removed. For each pair of lungs, one portion was subjected to biochemical analysis and the other underwent hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining in order to study its histology. The rats that received AS doses displayed significant disorders in their antioxidant contents as well as in their enzymatic activities and their histopathological structures revealed severe damage to their lung tissues. Upon the rats being treated with propolis, the enzymatic and antioxidant contents improved and partial improvements in the lung structures appeared, including minimized congestion, a reduced hemorrhage of blood vessels and preserved bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli. The prophylactic effectiveness of propolis extract on the cytotoxicity of AS, owing to the antioxidant properties of propolis, were studied.

Effects of enrofloxacin, flunixin meglumine and dexamethasone on disseminated intravascular coagulation, cytokine levels and adenosine deaminase activity in endotoxaemia in rats +

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enver Yazar ◽  
Aziz Bulbul ◽  
Gulcan Avci ◽  
Ayse Er ◽  
Kamil Uney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase Activity ◽  
Cytokine Levels

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of drugs used in the treatment of endotoxaemia on disseminated intravascular coagulation, cytokine levels and adenosine deaminase activities in endotoxaemic rats. Rats were divided into seven groups. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected into all groups, including the positive control group. The other six groups received the following drugs: enrofloxacin (ENR), flunixin meglumine (FM), low-dose dexamethasone (DEX), high-dose DEX, ENR + FM + low-dose DEX, and ENR + FM + high-dose DEX. After the treatments, serum and plasma samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours (h). A coagulometer was used to determine the levels of coagulation values, while ELISA was used to assay serum cytokines and adenosine deaminase (ADA). Low-dose DEX alone and combined treatments depressed the levels of cytokines and ADA (from 371 to 70 IU/L at 6 h) significantly and inhibited the decrease of coagulation values (antithrombin from 67 to 140% at 6 h, fibrinogen from 54 to 252 mg/dL at 6 h). In summary, FM + high-dose DEX may be the preferred treatment of endotoxaemia because of its highest effectiveness. FM plus high-dose DEX may be a new therapy for endotoxaemic domestic animals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-diabetic, Hepatoprotective and Antilipidemic Potentials of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) on Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Joshua F. Sammy ◽  
Davies G. Tamuno- Emine ◽  
Edna O. Nwachuku
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Group 5

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic, hepatorenoprotective and antilipidemic potentials of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) in albino rats. Study Design: This study is a non-randomized experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, between September, 2019 and December, 2019. Methodology: Thirty-five male Wister rats with weight between 145 to 150 g were randomly selected into seven groups of five rats each. The first group served as Negative control (group 1). The second group was the positive control (Diabetic group). The remaining five groups being the treatment groups (3-7). Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally with 65 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) single dose. Group 3 Diabetic group treated with metformin (100 mg/kg); Group 4 Diabetic group treated with low dose clove (250 mg/kg). Group 5 Diabetic group treated with low dose clove and metformin; Group 6 Diabetic group treated with high dose clove (750 mg/kg), while Group 7 were Diabetic group treated with high dose clove (750 mg/kg) and metformin for six weeks. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture in appropriate EDTA, heparinized and sterile bottles for standard laboratory investigations of lipid profile, glucose, liver enzymes, urea and creatinine. Plasma lipid profile, liver enzymes, urea and creatinine were determined using enzymatic end point method under standard operating procedures. Statistical analysis was done using Graph Pad Prism Version 5.03 and p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Results revealed that the STZ-induced diabetic group exhibited highly significant increase in activity of liver enzymes AST, ALT and ALP, increase in the levels of urea, creatinine, glucose and most lipid profile parameters as compared to the negative control group (p<0.001). Histopathological examination of liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats indicated slight changes. However, their changes were overcame by clove treatment and the majority of the cells tend to be normal. Low dose clove group 5 (250 mg/kg) with metformin decreased the levels of the analytes most when compared to the levels of the positive control group. For glucose, group 5 gave a mean glucose level of 4.40 ± 1.08 mmo/l, significantly lower than the positive control group 39.67 ± 0.67, ALT group 5 gave a mean ALT level of 56.00 ± 7.11, which was significantly lower than the positive control group 205.70 ± 14.79, for urea group 5 gave a mean urea level of 4.25 ± 0.77 which was significantly lower the control group 23.80 ± 3.56  at  p < 0.001, thereby yielding a better treatment result. Conclusion: In conclusion, low dose clove supplementation with metformin could be excellent adjuvant support in the therapy of diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Annona reticulate

2021 ◽  
pp. 4881-4886
Author(s):  
Veena Kadasala ◽  
Niladry Sekhar Ghosh ◽  
Santhosh Kumar Chinnaiyan ◽  
Arunabha Mallik ◽  
Manjunath S.Y. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Gastric Content ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Pylorus Ligation ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Dose Dependent

Annona reticulate (AR) is indigenous to the tropical areas of India and worldwide. The use of plant as remedy for diarrhea and ulcer is well documented in Ayurvedic system of medicine. However, pharmacological evidence does not exist to substantiate its therapeutic efficacy for the same. The aim was to investigate the antiulcer and anti-diarrheal activity of methanolic (ME) and aqueous extracts (AE) of A. reticulate in animal model. The antiulcer activity of extracts was investigated using ethanol and pylorus ligation-induced ulcer. The anti-diarrheal activity of MEAR and AEAR extracts was evaluated by castor oil induced diarrhea and gastro intestinal motility using parameters such as onset of diarrhea, number of wet stools, total number of stool and weight of total number of stools. The antiulcer activity of the extracts was confirmed by a reduction in ulcer index along with the decrease in gastric volume, total acidity, and an increase in pH of gastric content in both the models. A. reticulate extracts were more efficacious in reducing number of total stools in both the models of diarrhea and showed a dose-dependent antidiarrheal effect. The obtained results have established a pharmacological evidence for the folkloric use of the A. reticulate as antiulcer and antidiarrhoeal agent.

scholarly journals Combined Antioxidant Recovery Properties of Fruit Juice Extracts of Cucumber and Water Melon on Lipid Profile and Gonadal Steroid Levels of Cadmium Induced Testicular Damage on Male Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
F. C. Anacletus ◽  
B. Nwakaku ◽  
K. T. Nwauche
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Treatment Groups

The antioxidant protective effects of fruit juice of cucumber and watermelon on lipid profile of cadmium induced toxicity on male albino rats was investigated. Forty male rats were divided into eight groups. Group NC served as normal control group while group PC was positive control that was not treated but induced with cadmium. Groups I to VI received high dose and low dose of juice of Cucumber and Watermelon respectively. Excluding the normal control group, other groups were fed with lard 14 days before treatment commenced.  Doses of 0.8 mg/kg-high dose and 0.4 mg/kg-low dose for cucumber and watermelon respectively. At the 4th and 6th week, biochemical parameters were assayed. Results revealed that the levels of total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and triglyceride significantly (P˂0.05) were decreased compared to positive control but HDL was increased in treatment groups compared to positive control. Pretreatment with cucumber and watermelon juice indicated that total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and triglyceride significantly (P˂0.05) were decreased compared to positive control but HDL was increased in treatment groups compared to positive control. The result also revealed an increase in testosterone levels in treated groups after 4 weeks of administration of whole extract of cucumber and watermelon when compared to their week 2 values. Testosterone level in positive control was also reduced significantly from 1.5±0.14 ng/ml to 0.46±0.31 ng/ml. Histological evaluation of the testes of normal control group revealed that the interstitium was intact with leydig cells present and maturing germ cells embedded in normal seminiferous tubules while the other groups that were induced with cadmium only showed morphology of testes with empty seminiferous tubules and consolidated interstitial spaces.

scholarly journals Antiulcerogenic effect of Methanolic Root Extract of Berberis lycium Linn by Pylorus ligation and Ethanol induced Ulceration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4-S) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Priyanka Namdeo ◽  
Madhuri Pandole ◽  
Priti Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Free Acidity ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Pylorus Ligation ◽  
Berberis Lycium

Background: Gastric ulcer is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, which affects approximately 5-10% of people during their life. In recent years, abundant work has been carried out on herbal medicine to clarify their potential efficacy in gastric ulcer prevention or management. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antiulcer activity of the methanolic root extract of Berberis lycium in albino rats. Method: The methanolic root extract of Berberis lycium was prepared by hot extraction method. Anti-ulcer activity was evaluated and method employed was pylorus ligation and ethanol induced in albino rats. Preliminary methanolic extract of Berberis lycium was subjected to the acute oral toxicity study according to the OECD guideline no. 425. Animals were divided into four groups of six animals each. The animals of Group I served as normal control (vehicle) which received distilled water. Group II and III received 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of methanolic root extract, respectively. In pylorus ligation induced ulcer model, various parameters were studied viz. gastric volume, pH, total acidity, free acidity, and ulcer index. Ulcer index and percentage inhibition of ulceration was determined for ethanol induced ulcer model. Group IV received Ranitidine at 50 mg/kg was used as the standard drug. Pretreatment of methanol root extract of Berberis lycium showed significant (P˂0.05) decrease in the gastric volume, total acidity and free acidity. However, pH of the gastric juice was significantly increased only at higher dose 500 mg/kg. It showed also significant (P˂0.05) decrease in number of ulcers and ulcer score index in pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulceration models. Results: The methanol root extract of Berberis lycium showed a significant reduction in the total acidity, free acidity and acid volume. The efficacy of plant extract at high dose was comparable with the standard drug Ranitidine. Conclusion: Our study results support the ethnomedical use of root of Berberis lycium. Keywords: Antiulcer activity, Berberis lycium, Pylorus ligation, Ranitidine, Ulcer Index.

Acetaminophen: Neonatal hepatotoxicity due to late pregnancy exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
G.A. Miranda ◽  
M.A. Arroyo ◽  
C.A. Lucio ◽  
M. Mongeotti ◽  
S.S. Poolsawat
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Neonatal Liver ◽  
Childbearing Women

Exposure to drugs and toxic chemicals, during late pregnancy, is a common occurrence in childbearing women. Some studies have reported that more than 90% of pregnant women use at least 1 prescription; of this, 60% used more than one. Another study indicated that 80% of the consumed drugs were not prescribed, and of this figure, 95% were “over-the-counter” drugs. Acetaminophen, the safest of all over-the-counter drugs, has been reported to induce fetal liver necrosis in man and animals and to have abortifacient and embryocidal action in mice. This study examines the degree to which acetaminophen affects the neonatal liver and kidney, when a fatty diet is simultaneously fed to the mother during late pregnancy.Timed Swiss Webster female mice were gavaged during late pregnancy (days 16-19) with fat suspended acetaminophen at a high dose, HD = 84.50 mg/kg, and a low dose, LD = 42.25 mg/kg; a control group received fat alone.

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