A clinical study of undescended testes

Background: The aim of the present study was to study the clinical presentation of undescended testis (UDT) as regards to age, position, side and study the management on UDT.Methods: Total 41 patients, 50 UDT cases were studied prospectively. Patients below the age of 15 years with history of absent testes in the scrotum were included in the study and patients with retractile testes were excluded. Patients were subjected for ultrasonography (USG) scrotum. Palpable UDT and those were located on USG were subjected for open or laparoscopic assisted orchiopexy or 2 stage Stephen-Flower orchidopexy or orchidectomy.Results: 41.4% patients were between age group of 1 to 5 yrs. 43.9% patients were having right sided UDT. 76% testes were palpable only. 21.9% were having bilateral UDT. 48% testes were present in inguinal canal. In 80% patient’s orchiopexy was done. One patient (2.4%) had postoperative wound infection.Conclusions: In our study the maximum number of cases were recorded between 1 to 5 years of age. Right sided UDT were common presentation. Maximum UDT were palpable. We also concluded that USG remains the specific non-invasive modality of diagnosis and localization. Almost half of them were present in the inguinal canal. Orchidopexy is the most common technique for placement of UDT in the scrotum. There were low complications and high success rate in treating UDT. We concluded that there is need of coordinated campaign between surgeons, pediatricians, general practitioners and community workers for timely intervention of UDT and advice for early approach for treatment.

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A clinico-aetiological and ultrasonographic study of Peyronie's disease

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh05031 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Bhushan Kumar ◽

Tarun Narang ◽

Somesh Gupta ◽

Madhu Gulati

Keyword(s):

Clinical Presentation ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Tunica Albuginea ◽

Connective Tissue Disorder ◽

Peyronie’S Disease ◽

Penile Curvature ◽

Age Group ◽

History Of ◽

Peyronie's Disease ◽

Symptoms And Signs

Background: Peyronie’s disease is a localised connective tissue disorder that involves the tunica albuginea of the penis. Although long recognised as an important clinical entity of the male genitalia, the aetiology of this disease has remained poorly understood. Methods: The epidemiology and clinical presentation of Peyronie’s disease during a 10-year period was evaluated. Results: Forty-two men with Peyronie’s disease from Chandigarh, India were reviewed retrospectively. The prevalence of Peyronie’s patients was 1.97/1000 patients. Their ages ranged from 23 to 70 years. Most of them presented during the early phase of the disease. The most common presenting complaint was penile curvature in 34 (80.95%) followed by pain on erection in 28 (66.66%). History of penile trauma was revealed by four (9.52%) patients. Among the risk factors, hypercholesterolemia (60%), hypertension (33.3%) and asymptomatic hyperuricemia (28.34%) were the most common. Twenty-two patients with Peyronie’s disease were studied by ultrasonography. Ultrasonogram was more accurate than clinical assessment in delineating the extent of lesions. In one-third of the patients, sonography demonstrated the plaques to be more extensive than had been detected by clinical examination. Conclusions: The clinical symptoms and signs in our study were, in general, similar to those found in the previous studies. Higher incidence of hypertension and diabetes in patients with Peyronie’s disease may also be to an extent due to patients being in an older age group.

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Undescended testis and inguinoscrotal conditions in children

10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0123 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

David F.M Thomas

Keyword(s):

Testicular Torsion ◽

Undescended Testis ◽

Cell Maturation ◽

Age Group ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Undescended Testes ◽

Processus Vaginalis ◽

Surgical Exploration ◽

The Third ◽

Inguinal Hernias

The testis descends in response to androgen stimulation in the third trimester of pregnancy. Germ cell maturation which normally occurs in early childhood is impaired or absent in undescended testes. The well-documented phenomenon of secondary ascent is now thought to account for a sizeable proportion of boys undergoing orchidopexy in later childhood. Inguinal hernias and communicating hydroceles are caused by persistence of a patent processus vaginalis. Surgery is always indicated for inguinal hernias but the majority of communicating hydroceles resolve spontaneously. Testicular torsion accounts for 90% acute scrotal symptoms in adolescents, in whom urgent surgical exploration is mandatory unless there is compelling evidence of an alternative diagnosis. Treatment is rarely justified for asymptomatic varicoceles in this age group.

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Near-Drowning in Children: Clinical Aspects

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.58.4.573 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 573-579

Author(s):

Ivar Fandel ◽

Eduardo Bancalari

Keyword(s):

Clinical Presentation ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Age Group ◽

Neurological Sequelae ◽

Near Drowning ◽

The Third ◽

Pediatric Age Group ◽

History Of

Drowning is the third most common cause of death in the pediatric age group in Florida. The clinical presentation, laboratory data, modes of therapy and outcome of 34 cases of near-drowning in children under the age of 14 years were reviewed. The most common clinical findings on admission were a history of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, tachypnea, pulmonary edema, and acidosis. Twenty-eight (82%) patients survived. Twelve (35%) required mechanical ventilation. Of these only six survived, four of them with severe neurological sequelae. Modern management of respiratory failure is important for the ultimate survival of these patients; however, the final neurological outcome seems to be related to brain damage at the time of the asphyxia rather than to subsequent management.

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Short Term Outcom e of Orchiopexy for Undescended Testis in Children

Medicine Today ◽

10.3329/medtoday.v29i1.33859 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 35-38

Author(s):

MM Masud Pervez ◽

SM Sabbir Enayet ◽

Tamanna Narmeen ◽

Md Nooruzzaman ◽

Mahjib Shahnaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Private Hospital ◽

Undescended Testis ◽

Age Group ◽

Undescended Testes ◽

Short Term ◽

Length Width ◽

The Mean ◽

Slow Growing

This prospective study was conducted in the department of pediatric surgery, BIRDEM General Hospital and other Private Hospital in Dhakato evaluate the morphological parameters after orchiopexy in Undescended testis (UDT). Fifty five children of cryptorchidism in the age group of 6 months to12 years were included in the study from September 2012 to March 2017. Patients' clinical characteristics, age at the time of orchiopexy, pre-operative ultrasonogram finding and intraoperative findings were recorded. On follow up postoperative complications and scrotal ultrasonogram findings were also recorded. Total 45 patients received regular ultrasound follow-up in next 6 months. Testicular length, width, position of the testes and any abnormal findings were documented. The testicular volume was then calculated with Hansen formula:Testicular volume= length (L) x width (W)2 x 0.52. The mean age at operation was 4.15 years. Sixty eightpercent of undescended testes were palpable, 97% of which could be initially placed in the scrotal position by surgery. Ninety threepercent remained in the scrotum at 6-month follow up. In 32% of cases, the testes were impalpable, 47% were intra-abdominal and 15.7% were absent. Eighty seven percent of all impalpable testes could be placed in the scrotum. At 6 months follow up, only 69% were in the scrotal position. Eighteen percent of impalpable testes and 2.4% of palpable testes underwent atrophy. The volume of scrotalized testis increased significantly after orchiopexy though the volume of undescended testis was smaller than that of normal descended testis in all age subgroups and revealed a slow growing trend.Medicine Today 2017 Vol.29(1): 35-38

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Diagnostic Accuracy of Virtual Touch Quantification and Virtual Touch Imaging Quantification Sonoelastography Techniques in Pediatric Undescended Testes Patients

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography ◽

10.1177/8756479318818077 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 96-103

Author(s):

Mehmet Burak Özkan ◽

Meltem Bilgic ◽

Unal Bicakci ◽

Cankon Germiyanoglu

Keyword(s):

Inguinal Canal ◽

Shear Wave Elastography ◽

Age Group ◽

Tissue Stiffness ◽

Undescended Testes ◽

Altman Plot ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

One Year ◽

Group 1

The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of virtual touch quantification (VTQ) and virtual touch imaging quantification (VTIQ) techniques for assessing undescended testes stiffness, by age and location. One testicle from each of 84 participants (31 of whom were healthy volunteers) was assessed by the point shear-wave elastography (p-SWE) method, using both VTQ and VTIQ techniques. The patients were grouped by location of assessment (intra-abdominal, inguinal, and scrotal) and age (group 1, healthy patients; group 2, patients age one and younger; and group 3, patients older than age one). Although the VTQ and VTIQ methods for group 2 showed similar results in the Bland-Altman plot, for group 3, the VTIQ method was more effective than the VTQ method. The use of p-SWE with VTIQ may be an appropriate technique for determining the tissue stiffness of testes located in the inguinal canal and for patients over one year of age.

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Study of incidence and clinical presentation of tubercular abdominal emergencies

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20201165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 1021

Author(s):

Mahendra Kumar

Keyword(s):

Clinical Presentation ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽

Age Group ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Abdominal Emergencies ◽

History Of ◽

Subacute Intestinal Obstruction ◽

Male To Female

Background: Tuberculosis is a common surgical problem in our community. Emergency surgery is usually required and surgical procedure depends upon the location and extent of the disease. Objective of the study was to determine the incidence of abdominal emergencies due to tuberculosis.Methods: This observational study involved 300 patients with abdominal tuberculosis admitted either as a case of acute of subacute abdominal emergencies and tract in Lal Lajpath Rai hospital Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, and associated hospitals. Data was entered into Excel worksheet and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Detailed data of each patient was entered on a Microsoft excel. Data were presented in number and percentages.Results: The maximum number of cases were in third decade of life, age group 21-30. There were 120 males and 180 females. Male to female ratio was 1:1.5. Most of cases not having evidence of tuberculosis. History of pulmonary tuberculosis and abdominal tuberculosis were observed in 25% and 13% of the total cases. Abdominal pain was the commonest symptoms. Generalized pain was present in 136 cases and localized pain was present in 154 cases. 186 cases were presented as subacute intestinal obstruction and 114 cases patients were presented as acute abdomen.Conclusions: Acute abdominal condition is one of the most frequent emergencies, early diagnosis with prompt treatment is essential for a promising prognosis.

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Abdominal incisional hernia: retrospective study

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20183631 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 2990

Author(s):

Archana Shukla ◽

Sameer Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Incisional Hernia ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Previous History ◽

Age Group ◽

Precipitating Factors ◽

Medical College ◽

Operative Complications ◽

History Of ◽

Gandhi Medical College

Background: Incisional hernia presents as herniation or protrusion occurring along a prior abdominal scar. It is a known complication of abdominal surgery. They are the second most common type of hernia after inguinal hernias. This study was undertaken to study the incidence and various risk factors leading to incisional hernia.Methods: It is a retrospective study done in Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal; Department of Surgery during January 2017 to January 2018. All the cases were analyzed in various aspects like age, sex, relative incidence, clinical presentation, nature of previous operation, site of previous scar, precipitating factors like obesity, wound infection, abdominal distension.Results: The incidence is around 18.5%. Patients in the age group of 30-50 years found to have highest incidence of incisional hernia. Females outnumbered the males with the ratio of 6:1. Incisional hernia was more common in patients with previous history of gynecological operation. Most of the patients presented with incisional hernia in the infra umbilical region.Conclusions: Incisional hernias can be prevented by avoidance of midline incisions, especially in the infra umbilical region. Mesh repair results in less post-operative complications provided drains are used.

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Clinicopathological pattern and risk factors of carcinoma breast in younger age group

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v9i2.29197 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Sadia Sharmin ◽

Sarwar Alam ◽

Md. Zillur Rahman Bhuiyan ◽

Md. Nazir Uddin Mollah ◽

Md. Mamun-Or-Rasheed

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Ductal Carcinoma ◽

Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽

Young Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pathological Characteristics ◽

History Of

Worldwide, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Approximately 7% of all breast cancers are diagnosed in women <40 years of age. Young age at diagnosis influences prognosis negatively as they present with more advanced disease at diagnosis and a poorer 5-year survival than older patients. The present study includes breast cancer patients in the age group of 18 to 40 years to enrich our knowledge about clinical presentation and pathological characteristics of breast cancer. To find out the clinical presentation and pathological characteristics of breast cancer among the young age group. This cross-sectional study was done over 100 cases of histopathologically proven breast cancer from structured Questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Mean age was 33.89 years. Among the respondents 88% are married. Among the total studied population 61 respondents had the history of oral contraceptive pill use. Family history of cancer presents in 13.0% respondents and absent in 87.0% respondents. Among the respondents 95% patients presented with lump in the breast. 97.0% had invasive carcinoma 90% were invasive ductal carcinoma in which 46.0% were moderately differentiated. 51.0% patients were in the stage IIa and stage IIb.

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Prevalence of self probing, clinical presentation and the causative organism among the patients presented with otitis externa in a tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20182713 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 1057

Author(s):

Edakkattil Rameshkumar ◽

Salini Ajitha

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Otitis Externa ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Causative Organism ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Age Group ◽

History Of ◽

The Common

Background: Otitis externa, an inflammatory condition commonly reported in almost all age groups. But the prevalence and etiology are varying on different region. This study was aimed to find out the prevalence of self probing, clinical presentation and the causative organism among the patients presented with otitis externa in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: All the patients presented with otitis externa in the outpatient department of ENT were included in the retrospective study. The history of self probing was identified using a questionnaire. The clinical presentation was noticed and organism was isolated from the swab taken from the external ear canal. The non-parametric data was expressed in numbers and percentage. Results: Total 49 patients were included in the study. The average age of patient was 39.5±14.3 years with 24 males and remaining females. Among them, 85.7% (42/49) had a history of self probing (p<0.05). The most prevalent age group for the self probing associated otitis externa was 31 to 40 years. The discharge was the major clinical presentation (40/49) and the common organism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 38% of incidence.Conclusions: Self probing was major etiological factor for otitis externa in the age group of 31-40 years. Discharge was the major clinical presentation and the common organism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This emphasized the need for a proper awareness programme in the society against self probing to reduce the incidence.

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A clinical study on ectopic pregnancy in tertiary care hospital Imphal

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20210303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 562

Author(s):

Naorem Sunanda Chanu ◽

Vinodkumar Suresh Basavaradder ◽

Cibi Darsani ◽

Ahanthembi Sanaton

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ectopic Pregnancy ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

First Trimester ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Grey Zone ◽

Age Group ◽

History Of

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is one of the most common life-threatening emergencies in early trimester of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, age group, gravidity, parity, risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment modalities associated with ectopic pregnancy in the current scenario.Methods: We conducted a prospective study for the period of two years starting from Aug 2017 to Aug 2019 at JNIMS OBG Department.Results: A total of 94 patients who were diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy and they were analysed for clinical presentation, risk factors, operative findings and treatment modality. Majority of patients were in the age group of 25 to 30 years. Ectopic pregnancy was more commonly associated with history of prior abortions, prior LSCS and PID. Commonly presented with amenorrhea of 6-8 weeks with abdominal pain and bleeding PV, most common site being ampulla followed by isthmus. Most of the patients had ruptured pregnancy at presentation. Majority of the patients underwent salpingectomy and salpingectomy with contralateral tubectomy.Conclusions: Ectopic pregnancy diagnosis is a grey zone and challenging. Early diagnosis by keeping suspicion in first trimester with PV bleeding and pain abdomen with history of amenorrhea about ectopic pregnancy, which helps in management to reduce maternal morbidity and even mortality.

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