scholarly journals Study on clinical profile and risk factors associated with pneumonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1926
Author(s):  
Gangina Sriram ◽  
Akula Satyanarayana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Medical College

Background: Modernization, industrialization and urbanization are now posed with the problem of increase in ARI morbidity and mortality. The epidemiological information regarding risk factors and management is scanty. A large gap exists in our knowledge about these factors, which needs to be fulfilled by systematic studies. The present study is designed to identify the risk factors of pneumonia in our area.Methods: This was a prospective clinical study of pneumonia conducted on 94 children who were admitted to Paediatric ward in GSL Medical College General Hospital, Rajahmundry in study duration. Epidemiological factors affecting the same were studied and bronchoscopy was done whenever it was needed. A detailed history of the relevant symptoms, such as fever, cough, rapid breathing, refusal of feeds, noisy breathing, bluish discolouration etc., was collected.Results: The most affected children belonged to the age group of 1 year to 3 years (64.9%). Bronchopneumonia (86.2%) was the most common clinical diagnosis made at admission. According to WHO ARI control programme, 28.7% had pneumonia, 54.3% had severe pneumonia and 17% very severe pneumonia. It was found that younger age group, malnutrition, kutcha house, crowding, poor sanitation facilities, cooking with fuel other than LPG (indoor pollution) and low socio economic status and high respiratory rate were significant risk factors for pneumonia in children.Conclusions: ARI, especially pneumonia is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Bronchopneumonia is the predominant form of presentation in infants and preschool children.  

scholarly journals Clinical and aetiological profile of Pneumonia in age group between 1 month to 1 year: a hospital based prospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1718
Author(s):  
Vamsee Krishna Polepalli ◽  
Naveen Kumar Banda ◽  
Y. Venu Gopal Sarma ◽  
K. V. Siva Rama Krishna ◽  
M. Hima Bindu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Radiological Findings

Background: Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age across the world. The present study was designed to clinically evaluate the children of age 1 month to 1 year with pneumonia, correlate it with bacteriological, radiological findings and to study the risk factors.Methods: Clinical, bacteriological, radiological features and risk factors of community acquired pneumonia in children of age group 1 month to 1 year were noted and analysed.Results: As per WHO ARI control programme, 72% had pneumonia, 25.3 % had severe pneumonia and 2.6% had very severe pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia was detected radiologically in 4.6% and viral pneumonia in 88.6% of cases. Chest X-ray was normal in 6.6% of cases. Tachypnoea, chest retractions, crepitations alone and crepitations with rhonchi correlated well with positive radiological findings. Inappropriate immunization for age, lack of breast feeding, preterm birth, smoking in family were significant risk factors for severe Pneumonia. 39.3% had leucocytosis and 24% had positive CRP. Culture was positive in 23 cases (15.3% culture positivity).Conclusions: Radiologically confirmed Pneumonia should be treated with antibiotics because, in clinical practice, it is virtually impossible to distinguish exclusively between viral pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia. As the viruses are most common causative agents of Pneumonia in 1 month to 1 year, PCR kits should be used to identify viral etiological agents. Early and exclusive breast feeding should be promoted to decrease the risk of pneumonia.

scholarly journals Early Puerperal Complications - A Prospective Clinical Study on Caesarean Deliveries

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Tahamina Akhter ◽  
Tabassum Ghani ◽  
Subinoy Krishna Paul ◽  
Noorjahan ◽  
Afrina Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Medical College

Introduction : when a healthy pregnant woman with no obstetric or medical risk factors goes into spontaneous labour, she should anticipate a normal delivery. But still 580, 000 women in the world die from pregnancy and childbirth each year.1 Lack of attention to postpartum care in developing countries is neglected tragedy and requires immediate attention. This study evaluates the incidence of complications of early puerperium and also focuses the specific types of complications and to detect the risk factors associated with these complications. Aims and objectives : Main aim of the study is to evaluate the common complications in early puerperium with special attention to identify the risk factors. Materials and method : This study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Sir Sallimullah Medical College Hospital within the period of March ’2004 to August’ 2004. Two hundred patients were selected for this study who were delivered by caesarean section in these two institutions and complications occurring within 7 days excluding first 24 hours. Patients delivered outside the hospital and with known medical diseases were excluded from this study. Detailed history taking and appropriate clinical examination and specific investigations were done for diagnosis of complications. All relevant informations was noted in prescribed data sheet and results were tabulated and statistical analysis was done. Results : Among 200 cases only 44(22%) cases had early puerperal morbidity.Most of the patients who suffered complications underwent caesarean section for obstructed labour and fetal distress who had trial at home. Many of the patients suffered from wound infection and endometritis (40.9%). Among patients, age group -<20 years suffered from wound infection(53.8%) and endometritis(45.8%) were common in age group 21-30 years. VVF was common in patients in age <20 years.Endometritis (42.2%) was maximum in women with parity 1-3 and wound infection (50%) in women with parity 4-6. Some of the patients had more than one early puerperal morbidity. Maximum number of poor class suffered from wound infection (42.4%).Early puerperal morbidity was more prevalent in women with duration of labour <18 hours and Premature rupture of membrane had relationship with endometritis (15.9%), wound infection (13.6%) and UTI (11.4%). Conclusion : Incidence of early puerperal morbidities is still quite high (22%) and many patients experiences more than one problem at a time.Long term sequelae of early puerperal infectious morbidity should not be neglected as this may interfere quality of life of a woman. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.1, April, 2018, Page 68-71

scholarly journals Risk Factors Determining the Outcome of 2-12 Months Age Group Infants Hospitalized With Severe Pneumonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
KMF Uddin ◽  
N Jahan ◽  
MA Manan ◽  
SA Ferdousi ◽  
T Farhana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Normal Infant ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Organization

Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in under fives throughout the world, particularly in developing countries. A case control study was carried out in Bangabandhu Memorial Hospital, University of Science and Technology during the period of January to July 2006. 192 hospitalized infants of 2–12 months age group with World Health Organization(WHO) defined severe pneumonia with radiological confirmation were enrolled in the study, while controls were normal infant of same age group attending EPI center for vaccination. The children were managed using a standard protocol, factors were examined by univariate logistic regression analyasis. The factors whose odds ratio were significantly below 25% and considered as medically important were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Out of 192 children, 136(70.8%) were male, 56(29.2%) were female, 2-6 months old infants were 120(62.5%), >6 -12 months infants were 72(37.5%), malnutrition were present in 155( 80.72%), 145(75.5%) lived in slum area, 66(33.7%) were treated by quack, 63% were completely immunized and 3(10.5%) died. On multivariate analysis the following risk factors were found significant i.e. malnutrition, indoor smoke resulting from burning wood and manure used as fuel, non immunization, poor economy , poor housing. Significant risk factors for mortality in severe pneumonia are associated with 3rd degree malnutrition and congenital abnormality of heart with Downs syndrome. Malnutrition, indoor smoke, non-immunization, poor economy, poor housing, and smoking in bed room are important risk factors associated significantly with severe pneumonia and fatal outcome was associated with 3rd degree malnutrition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v25i1.15901 Medicine Today 2013 Vol.25(1): 9-13

scholarly journals Assessment of the Nutritional Status and Determinants of Malnutrition among School Going Adolescents in the Rural Field Practice Area of the Medical College, Hassan, Karnataka

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
G. Praveen ◽  
K. J. Subhashini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Government School ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Field Practice

Background and Objectives: Adolescence which is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood is often the neglected phase as the adolescents are often regarded as relatively healthy with the focus being given for children and women. Addressing the nutritional needs of adolescents could be an important step in curbing malnutrition among them. With the rising epidemic of Non-communicable diseases, it is equally important to address both the issues of under-nutrition and over-nutrition. Hence this study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status and associated risk factors of malnutrition among the school going adolescents from 5th to 12th standard in the rural field practice area of Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Hassan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the school going adolescents attending the government and private schools of the rural field practice area of the medical college from January 2017 to June 2018. The sample size of 830 was divided between the three areas under rural field practice area as per sample size proportional to population. BMI was measured and WHO reference charts 2007 for BMI was used to categorize the nutritional status of the adolescents. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition among the school going adolescents was found to be 44.1% of which the prevalence of thinness and severe thinness was 15.8% and 21.3% respectively and that of overweight and obesity was 5.8% and 1.2% respectively. On logistic regression, male gender, government school, lower socio-economic status, deworming status and open-air defecation were identified as significant risk factors for undernutrition and female gender, private school, upper socio-economic status, low levels of physical activity, excess television watching, consuming junk foods, breakfast skipping, inadequate sleeping hours were identified as significant risk factors for over nutrition. Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition among the school going adolescents was found to be 44.1% in our study. Gender, type of school in which they study, socio-economic status and life style behaviours were found to be significant risk factors for malnutrition. There is a need for health education programmes, regular monitoring and effective policies to promote healthy eating and lifestyle changes among adolescents to curb the burden of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Clinical Profile and Risk Factors of Pneumonia in Children - A Study from Rural Kerala

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (42) ◽  
pp. 2425-2429
Author(s):  
Sakthivel Shanmugam ◽  
Senthil Kumar Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Child Death ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Common Diagnosis

BACKGROUND Pneumonia remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in both industrialized and developing countries. It is one of the leading causes of underfive child death. This study was conducted to assess the clinical profile and to identify the risk factors of pneumonia in children between 2 months and 5 years of age. METHODS This is a prospective study conducted among 90 children in the age group of 2 months to 5 years, with clinical features of fast breathing and chest retractions as per ARI control programme who got admitted in paediatric wards of Karuna Medical College and Hospital from January 2018 to September 2019. RESULTS 2 - 12 months old children were most commonly admitted in the hospital (46.6 %). Bronchopneumonia (75.5 %) was the common diagnosis made at admission clinically. According to ARI control programme, 26.6 % had pneumonia, 62.2 % had severe pneumonia and 11.1 % had very severe pneumonia. Among the risk factors, 86.6 % had malnutrition, 58.8 % had overcrowding. Lower socioeconomic status was found in 92.2 % of patients. CONCLUSIONS Childhood pneumonia is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality. Protein energy malnutrition, overcrowding and low socioeconomic status were found to be the risk factors for pneumonia. KEYWORDS Children, Malnutrition, Pneumonia, Risk Factors

Studying the Birth Outcome in Tikrit Teaching Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Areej Noaman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Healthy Baby ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Healthy Mother

  Background : A successful birth outcome is defined as the birth of a healthy baby to a healthy mother. While relatively low in industrialized world, maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality and neonatal deaths occur disproportionately in developing countries. Aim of the Study: To assess birth outcome and identify some risk factors affecting it for achieving favorable birth outcome in Tikrit Teaching Hospital

Prevalence and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among Orang Asli schoolchildren: new insights into the epidemiology, transmission and diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in Malaysia

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (12) ◽  
pp. 1602-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi ◽  
Nabil A. Nasr ◽  
Yvonne A. L. Lim ◽  
Fatin Nur Elyana ◽  
Hany Sady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Direct Smear

AbstractThis cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of S. stercoralis infection among 1142 Orang Asli primary schoolchildren in six different states of Peninsular Malaysia. Fecal samples were examined using direct smear, formalin-ether sedimentation (FES), agar plate culture (APC) and PCR techniques. Overall, 15.8% of the children were found to be infected with S. stercoralis. The prevalence was 0.2, 1.3, 15.2 and 13.7% by direct smear, FES, APC and PCR, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that an age of >10 years, being male, belonging to a Proto-Malay tribe, belonging to the Senoi tribe, indiscriminate defecation, using an unimproved water source for drinking water and not wearing shoes when outside were the significant risk factors of infection among these children. In conclusion, we provide new evidence on the occurrence of S. stercoralis in Malaysia to show that there is a relatively high prevalence of infection among Orang Asli schoolchildren. Therefore, the use of specific methods for detecting S. stercoralis should be considered when screening these children for intestinal parasites. Moreover, prevention and control measures specific to S. stercoralis should be integrated into the intestinal parasitic infections control programme in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Risk factors, microbiological findings and outcomes of necrotizing fasciitis at a tertiary care centre

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 3858
Author(s):  
Divakara S. R. ◽  
Thrishuli P. B. ◽  
Bhavuray Teli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Type I ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Low Serum

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a uncommon and serious infection involving the skin and subcutaneous tissues of lower and upper limbs, perineal area (Fournier’s gangrene), and the abdominal wall with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment can reduce the mortality rate of NF. The objectives of this study are to study the etiolopathological, microbiological factors determining the outcome of necrotizing fasciitis.Methods: It is prospective study and was conducted in JSS Medical College and Hospital in October 2008 to October 2010. Total 50 patients diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis were admitted to JSS Medical College and Hospital. Demographic data, type of co morbidities, site of infection, clinical features with microbiology and laboratory results, and outcomes of patients were analyzed.Results: Out of 50 patients there were 42 males and 8 females. Highest number of cases was found in the age group of 65-74 years among males, 55-64 years among females. The commonest site in the present study is lower limbs (74%). Diabetes mellitus was the commonest (76%) co morbidity. Beta hemolytic streptococci 22 (44%) was the highest to be isolated. In type I and Coagulase positive staphylococci 18 (36%) was the commonest organism isolated in type II necrotizing fasciitis. The significant risk factors were gender, comorbidties, hospital length of stay, and albumin level, leucocytosis, anemia, hypoalbumenia, low serum ferritin levels increase blood sugar levels. The mortality was 12% (8 patients).Conclusions: Patients with advance age, co-morbid conditions like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, osteomyelitis had high unexplained susceptibility to the disease and with a higher incidence in males. Thus, early recognition with a high index of clinical suspicion would definitely reduce both morbidity and mortality. It has gross morbidity and mortality if not treated in its early stages. Leucocytosis, anemia, hypoalbumenia, low serum ferritin levels, increase blood sugar levels were consistent findings seen in majority of the patients which resulted in increased morbidity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anaemia in pregnant and lactating women in rural Vijayapur

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Santosh D. Patil ◽  
Ravindranath A. Bhovi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Haemoglobin Content

Background: Nutritional anaemia is defined as a condition in which the haemoglobin content of the blood is lower than normal as a result of deficiency of one or more essential nutrients. Anaemia is the late manifestation of deficiency of nutrient(s) needed for haemoglobin synthesis. The prevalence of anaemia in developing countries is estimated to be 43% and that of developed countries is 9%. Anaemia is estimated to contribute to more than 115000 maternal deaths and 591000 prenatal deaths globally per year. The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women and lactating mothers and to explore the associated factors with anaemia.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant and lactating women in Ukkali a rural field practice area Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Vijayapur. Criteria for inclusion were pregnant women- current pregnancy of more than 6 months and lactating mother with child aged up to 6 months of age. Estimation of haemoglobin was carried by standard Sahlis pipette method. Anaemia was classified according to WHO grading criteria.Results: The maximum number of pregnant women (85.71%) in the age group of 35-49 years was anaemic followed by those who were in the age group of 20-34 years (61.54%). Prevalence of anaemia was 72 % in women of less than 20 years, whereas it was as high as 80% among lactating women of 35-49 years age group.Conclusions: Anaemia continues to be a problem with the existing health care resources. Socio-economic status, literacy of women and awareness related to health concerns are the major determinants that contribute to the problem of anaemia.

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