Study on relationship of total bilirubin with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and associated risk factors

Background: Cardiovascular risk factors for ACS are on the rise in people of Indian origin and ACS is now the leading cause of death. More recent evidence suggests that bilirubin is a potent physiological antioxidant that may provide important protection against atherosclerosis and inflammation. Substantial evidence has documented that the development of CAD involves lipid oxidation and formation of oxygen radicals as atherosclerosis and inflammation are associated with formation of oxygen and peroxyl radicals. Keep of these points in mind, the present study was undertaken to find relation between Serum Bilirubin and Acute Coronary Syndrome.Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at A.J Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangaluru from October 2016 to April 2017. A detailed history, general physical examination, systemic examination and investigations was performed on all patients who fulfill the inclusion criterion and age >18yrs, both sexes who are admitted in CCU.Results: Hypertension had statistically significant correlation with ACS. All risk factors were more associated with STEMI compared to unstable angina or NSTEMI. On Correlation of LDL and Total leucocyte count with bilirubin both were statistically significant when compared to bilirubin levels.Conclusions: The study showed an inverse correlation of bilirubin with ACS, which in shows fact that bilirubin acts as an antioxidant and has cardioprotective action and patients with ACS have lower levels of bilirubin. This can use as a factor for screening individuals who have high risk for ACS and preventive strategies applied in them before the onset of overt ACS.

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Fetomaternal outcome in pregnancies complicated by fibroid

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20212976 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 3174

Author(s):

Leimapokpam Roshan Singh ◽

Kaushik Mahajan ◽

Nandeibam Balchand Singh ◽

Wairokpam Prabinkumar Singh ◽

Kabita Athokpam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Placenta Previa ◽

Uterine Fibroids ◽

Clinical History ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

General Physical Examination ◽

Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽

Risk Pregnancy ◽

General Physical

Background: Fibromyoma (leiomyoma) is the most common benign tumour of the uterus. Approximately 10% to 30% of women with uterine fibroids developed complications during pregnancy. The aim of the study was planned to ascertain the fetomaternal outcome in pregnancies complicated by fibroid.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women with documented uterine fibroid who was admitted for any complication or delivered in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, RIMS, Imphal from September 2017 to August, 2019 in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology in collaboration with department of paediatrics, Regional institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. Detailed clinical history and socio-demographic profile were recorded in pre-designed proforma. General physical examination and systemic examination and obstetrical examination was carried out for the participants.Results: Major proportions was in the age group of 30-39 years (73.9%). Fibroids were more frequent in primigravida (76.1%) followed by P1 (15.2%) and ≥P2 (8.7%). Out of 46 patients 43 (93.5%) delivered by CS (69.76%), NVD (25.58%) and instrumental delivery (4.65%) while 3 patients (6.5%) undergo spontaneous abortions. Most common myoma found in this study was intramural (47.8%) followed by submucous (34.8%) and subserosal (17.4%). Out of 43 deliveries most common complications found was atonic PPH (6.97%) and placenta previa (6.97%) followed by degenerations (2.32%), abruptio placentae (2.32%), malpresentations (2.32%). Out of 43 deliveries 6.9% baby born with low birth weight, IUGR (6.9%), IUFD (4.6%), NICU admission (4.65%) and early neonatal death (2.32%).Conclusions: Pregnancies with fibroids are considered as high-risk pregnancy associated with complications during the antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum period. Pregnant women with myoma can be advised for regular ANC along with TAS for early diagnosis and management of complication.

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Evaluating Mortality Rate and Associated Parameters in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Cardiovascular & Haematological Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871529x20666200709130533 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 221-226

Author(s):

Alireza Gheini ◽

Ali Pooria ◽

Afsoun Pourya

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Winter Season ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Killip Class ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and is characterized by unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients who died of ACS. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1000 patients presenting ACS were included. Data and records of these patients were evaluated for parameters such as; deceased status, age, gender, diagnosis, ECG, common complaints, associated risk factors, Killip class, pulse, blood pressure, geographic setup (urban or rural), complications and season in which the disease was presented. Statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained using SPSS-win software. Results: The mortality rate among ACS patients in our study was 7.1%. Of these patients, AMI was the most prevalent diagnosis and chest pain was the most common complaint. Furthermore, low blood pressure, advanced age, increased pulse rate and fall/winter season were associated with the increased risk of mortality. ST deviation was the most seen ECG finding and most of the mortalities were within the 24 hours of admission. Conclusion: Our study reports risk factors associated with mortality in ACS patients. Advanced and timely therapeutic measurements are likely to reduce the incidence of mortality in these patients.

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Prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine clinical mastitis in Patiya upazila under Chittagong district of Bangladesh

International Journal of Natural Sciences ◽

10.3329/ijns.v4i1.28585 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 5-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MS Bari ◽

M Alam ◽

M Uddin ◽

MK Rahman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Herd Size ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

General Physical

A cross sectional study was conducted to measure the prevalence; and identification of risk factors associated with clinical mastitis in dairy cows at Patiya upazila under Chittagong district of Bangladesh from 20th July to 31st December, 2013. A total of 160 farms and households were selected and 634 cows were clinically examined for determining the prevalence of mastitis and identification of risk factors. The overall prevalence of clinical mastitis was found 8.36%. Mastitis prevalence in crossbred cows was significantly (P<0.05) higher (10.09%) than indigenous cows (4.26%). The prevalence of mastitis was also significantly higher (P<0.05) with advancing age (12.5%) and in 3rd lactation period (13.62%). The cows were more prone to mastitis during 1st month of lactation (17.53%). There was a significant relationship (P<0.05) between prevalence of clinical mastitis and associated risk factors like general physical condition, herd size, frequency of dung removal, floor drainage quality and condition of floor. There was higher (P<0.01) prevalence (33.67%) of mastitis in cows having history of peri-parturient disease compared to those not having such history. Therefore, it can be concluded that minimization of risk factors of mastitis is very much necessary to control mastitis as well as to increase profitability of dairy farms.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2014), 4(1) 5-9

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Suicide Associated with Risk Factors in Patients Suffering from Depression

Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science ◽

10.37762/jgmds.7-1.101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 30-39

Author(s):

Sher Ayub ◽

Abdul Waris ◽

Hina Niaz ◽

Zahida Ayub ◽

Nazia Qureshi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Suicidal Risk ◽

Significant Extent ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reasons For Living ◽

Reasons For Living Inventory

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess suicide and their relationship with risk factors i.e. degree of hopelessness, severity of depression and suicidal ideations. METHODOLOGY: It was a cross sectional study conducted in Psychiatry unit Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. The total sample of this study was forty-eight admitted patients. Those patients were included in the study that scored moderate to high in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hopelessness Scale and Reasons for Living Inventory (RLI). The collected data were analysed using SPSS version 22. RESULTS: Study showed that reasons for living as well as the subscales of reasons for living inventory i.e. responsibility towards family, hope of improvement and surviving and coping beliefs have significant inverse correlation with score on Hopelessness Scale and suicidal ideations. The score on subscale religious beliefs had significant correlation only with score on hopelessness. Married individuals’ responses were different on total reasons for living to a significant extent. The patients with past psychiatric history had significantly greater fear of suicide. The three different social groups did not differ to a significant extent in scoring on reasons for living. CONCLUSION: The reasons for living as a whole and some of the subscales of Reasons for Living Inventory have significant inverse relationship with suicidal risk factors showing the modulatory effect of these reasons on suicidal risk. Moreover, these reasons are not equally distributed among some of the sociodemographic and clinical groups.

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Risk Factors Related to Recurrence Rates of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Pakraman and Non-Pakraman Villages in Bali Province

Research Journal of Life Science ◽

10.21776/ub.rjls.2020.007.02.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 92-100

Author(s):

Ni Luh Sri Wahyuni ◽

Tina Handayani Nasution ◽

Edy Widjajanto

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Recurrence Rates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Activity Groups

The prevalence of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is increasing in both developed and developing countries. Uncontrolled risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and fewer activities are the main causes of ACS recurrence within 30 days after the acute presentation. This study aims to analyze risk factors related to the recurrence rate of ACS patients in Pakraman and non-Pakraman villages in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province. Observational analytics with Cross-Sectional Study are used in this study involving 130 patients within 1 month. Data is collected through two (2) stages using a questionnaire. The bivariate analysis shows that both smoking groups (p = 0.003 and p = 0.008) and hypertension groups (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01) are associated with ACS recurrence, while physical activity groups are not related (p = 0.455 and p = 0.565). Logistic regression results show that smoking (5.633) is highly associated with ACS recurrence in Pakraman villages, while hypertension (4.784) is highly associated with ACS recurrence in non-Pakraman villages. ACS handling is important in the acute period and in the long-term to prevent the risk of recurrence.

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A cross sectional study of acute myocardial infarction in young individuals below 40 years and associated risk factors in Mandya institute of medical sciences, Mandya, Karnataka

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20211047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 511

Author(s):

Chandregowda . ◽

Mahesh K. ◽

Anagha Unnikrishnan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Young Adults ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Young Patients ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Common Cause ◽

Coronary Syndrome

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a potentially life‑threatening condition which is more common in elderly people, and young are relatively protected. Its incidence in young Indians is about 12-16%. Currently, the protective effect on young from coronary artery disease (CAD) is taken away by several risk factors. The aim of this study is to determine the conventional and new emerging risk factors like hyperhomocysteinemia and lipoprotein a (Lp [a]) which are suggested to play an important role in myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: This study was a hospital‑based retrospective cross‑sectional analytical study involving 61 patients aged ≤40years presented with signs and symptoms of ACS confirmed by ECG changes and cardiac enzyme levels admitted in the cardiac ICU from April 2019 to March 2020.Results: Although ACS is a less common entity in young adults aged ≤40 years, smoking was the most common cause of the MI (75%) in young adults. Homocysteine and Lp (a) should be measured in young MI patients. Smoking cessation and prevention of diabetes and hypertension (HTN) should be encouraged.Conclusions: Smoking was the most common cause of the MI (75%) in young adults and is the major modifiable risk factor for MI in very young patients which needs strict prevention. Young patients with CAD were mainly males. There is a need for early detection of a risk factor to prevent the progression of ACS,

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Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Admitted at Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.4765 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (224) ◽

Author(s):

Sahadeb Prasad Dhungana ◽

Arun Kumar Mahato ◽

Rinku Ghimire ◽

Rupesh Kumar Shreewastav

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for acute coronary syndrome. Dyslipidemiawith an increase in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and decrease inhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol is one of the major risk factors for the acute coronary syndromeand alone account for more than 50% of population attributable risk. This study was conducted tofind out the prevalence of dyslipidemia. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 105 patients admitted at thetertiary care center with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome from July 2018 to March 2019 afterapproval from the institutional review committee (Ref no. 205/2018). Fasting serum lipid profilewas obtained within 24 hours of hospitalization with the convenient sampling method. Data wereanalyzed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Point estimation at95% Confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 105 people, dyslipidemia was present in 51 (48.6%). The mean age of the participantswas 59.19±12.69 years. The majority 81 (77.1%) were male. The mean total cholesterol, triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were 183.43±35.9 mg/dl, 140.59±46.83 mg/dl, 109.9±26.38 mg/dl and 41.17±4.78 mg/dl respectively. High total cholesteroland triglyceride were found in 34 (32.4%) each, low high-density lipoprotein in 31 (29.5%) and highlow-density lipoprotein in 22 (21%). Conclusions: Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor in patients with acute coronary syndromeand commonly associated with other risk factors. Careful attention to its management may help toreduce further events.

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To Determine the Frequency of Common Site of Lodgment of Foreign Body in Respiratory Tract of Children

10.53350/pjmhs211581823 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1823-1824

Author(s):

Maimoona Saeed ◽

Syed Sajid Munir ◽

Sami Ul Haq

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Nasal Cavity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Common Site ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

General Physical Examination ◽

Left Bronchus ◽

General Physical

Aim: To determine the frequency of common site of lodgment of foreign body in respiratory tract of children. Setting: Pediatric and ENT Departments, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Duration of Study: six months i.e. 30/6/2018 to 30/12/2018 Methodology: 300 cases were included. Demographic characteristics like, name, age, gender and address was recorded. H/O inhaling a specific foreign body and time elapsed was noted. General physical examination for signs of respiratory distress was noted. Chest X ray was performed. Examination of oral cavity and nostrils was performed for a suspected foreign body. If nothing found, the patient was immediately shifted to ENT department for emergency bronchoscopy to remove the suspected foreign body. The type of foreign body recovered and the site of respiratory tree from where it is removed were noted. Results: Mean age was 12 years with SD ± 2.16. 51% children were male while 49% children were female. Site of lodgment of foreign body among 300 patients was analyzed i.e. 1% patients had oral cavity, 7% had nasal cavity, 1% patients had oro-pharynx, 3% patients had larynx, 13% patients had main trachea, 30% had right bronchus, 15% patients had left bronchus, 1% patients had right bronchiole, 1% patients had left bronchiole in respiratory tract of children. Conclusion: Frequency of site of lodgment of foreign body was i.e. oral cavity 1%, nasal cavity 7%, oro-pharynx 1%, larynx 3%, main trachea 13%, right bronchus 30%, left bronchus 15%, right bronchiole 1% and left bronchiole 1%. Keywords: Lodgment, foreign body, respiratory tract, children.

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A Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical Profiles and Complications Associated with Fever with Thrombocytopenia

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/87 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 445-449

Author(s):

Melvin Dominic ◽

Hari Hara C. Sudhan ◽

Karthik Narayan ◽

Ram Kirubakar Thangaraj ◽

Abdussamad M ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Spontaneous Bleeding ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

General Physical Examination ◽

The Mean ◽

General Physical

BACKGROUND Fever is the commonest cause of thrombocytopenia that narrows the differential diagnosis and management of fever. The complexity of thrombocytopenia and its control can also be determined through fever. Lack of proper surveillance system and limited laboratory services pose a definite challenge for a perfect diagnosis leading to case management primarily based on clinical manifestations. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 patients attending outpatient department of Vinayaka Missions Kirupananda Variyar Medical College & Hospitals, during the period of April 2017 to September 2017 (6 months). In patients with fever with thrombocytopenia, a careful history was recorded, general physical examination, laboratory and technical investigation reports were noted down from regular investigations. Culture sensitivity and serology were considered as primary outcome variables. The continuous data was expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and for independent sample “t” test was used to compare the data. A probability value (“P” value) of ≤ 0.05 at 95 % confidence interval was considered as statistically significant using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). RESULTS The mean age was 44.73 ± 21.18 years in the study population. 39 (43.33 %) were males and 51 (56.67 %) were females. The average period of stay in the hospital was 8.84 ± 5.73 days; the most common chief complaint was chills & rigors seen in 65 (72.22 %) patients. The most commonly observed comorbidity in the patients was diabetes mellitus. The mean and SD of platelet count was 91522.22 ± 32265.13 per µL. 21 (23.33 %) people had dengue. The mean platelet count at discharge was 192215.19 ± 49481.85 per µL. CONCLUSIONS The commonest cause is infection, for fever with decreased platelet count. A significant number of cases of febrile thrombocytopenia were diagnosed as sepsis in the present study. KEYWORDS Infection, Dengue, Septicaemia, Petechiae / Purpura, Spontaneous Bleeding, Fever

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Evaluation of hearing in patients of chronic renal failure

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20202060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 1069

Author(s):

Sabreena Mukhtar ◽

James Thomas ◽

Girija Ghate ◽

Raphella Khan

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Hearing Threshold ◽

Pure Tone Audiometry ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Invasive Procedure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

General Physical Examination ◽

General Physical

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered to be a major public health problem and only some studies have subsequently suggested the possibility of a link between the ear and the kidney. The aim of the study was to look for an association between the hearing loss and its association with CKD in absence of any underlying co-morbidities.Methods: The study design was a hospital based cross sectional study. 50 patients diagnosed with CKD were included. The patients were subjected to general physical examination, examination of ear by otoscopy and hearing test by tuning fork test (256 Hz, 512 Hz and 1024 Hz). Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was also done. Results: It was observed that 24% patients were having unilateral or bilateral hearing loss. Of the 12 patients with hearing loss, PTA threshold was below or equal to 35 dB in 4 patients. Hearing threshold of 45 dB was observed in 3 patients. All 3 patients had unilateral involvement. 2 had hearing loss in right ear whereas left ear was involved in 1 patient. 5 patients had hearing threshold between 45-60 dB. Of these 5 patients, 3 had bilateral ear involvement whereas unilateral ear involvement was seen in remaining 2 patients.Conclusions: CKD is commonly associated with senorineuronal hearing loss. The incidence was 24% in our study population. PTA can be a non-invasive procedure which may be employed to detect CKD patients suffering from any hearing loss.

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