scholarly journals Evaluation of Rosners index vs Brandt correction and Chang’s %, in the interpretation of mixing studies at varying dilutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1750
Author(s):  
Mirza Asif Baig ◽  
Mohammed Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Ayesha Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factor Deficiency ◽  
Important Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Aptt Reagent ◽  
Mandatory Use

Background: For evaluation of unexplained prolongation of PT and PTT, mixing tests forms a great diagnostic tool. On mixing equal volume of patient plasma with normal pooled plasma, if there is correction it indicates factor deficiency and non-correction indicates inhibitors.Methods: Sysmex CS-5100 Coagulometer with Pathrombin SL APTT reagent, LA1 and LA2 reagents supplied by siemens were used. All data were expressed as Mean±SD. Statistical analysis was done using unpaired students t test. A p value of <0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance in all analyse.Results: APTT with (1:1) and (4:1) mixing study for detection of factor deficiency showed a sensitivity of 91% and 92% for RI, 88% and 90% for Changs %, and 75% for Brandt correction PNP aPTT + 5 secs respectively. For Inhibitors, RI shows a sensitivity of 79% and 89%, Changs 71 and 80% and Brandt test 50% for APTT (1:1) and (4:1) mix, respectively.Conclusions: Mixing tests forms an important diagnostic tool in differentiating factor deficiency from inhibitors especially in LAC patients. This study recommends mandatory use of mixing tests in LAC cases as also advocated by BSH, ISTH and CLSI. Rosners Index is more sensitive than changes % and Brandt correction in the interpretation of mixing studies. It can be safely concluded that RI can be used as a reference method for evaluation of mixing studies and its sensitivity is greatly increased by using PP4:1 PNP. It’s a matter of debate that whether these indices can be effective with other Analysers and reagents?

scholarly journals E-Learning perception and satisfaction among health sciences students amid the COVID-19 pandemic

Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-556
Author(s):  
Maria S. Abbasi ◽  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Batool Sajjad ◽  
Abdullah Alshahrani ◽  
Sumera Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Exit Exams ◽  
Health Sciences Students ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: E-learning is increasingly used during the COVID-19 pandemic, however the impact of this change on students is not known. This study aimed to evaluate perception and satisfaction of health sciences students towards E-learning during the COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS: A structured questionnaire was distributed to 2000 health care students either through email or social media platforms. The questionnaire was divided into two sections: the first section addressed demographic information such as age, education level, course of study, number of lectures attended and country. The second section gathered information on perception and satisfaction of students using 13 close-ended questions. Frequencies and percentages were assessed for demographic data, perception and satisfaction level of students. The paired sample t-test, independent t test and Spearman correlation were applied to evaluate statistical significance between different variables of the study. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Data from 1255 participants were included at a response rate of 66.4%. More than one third (37%) of the students took 25 or more online E-learning sessions and 47% preferred Zoom as an online platform. Participants belonged to 11 countries from developed and developing nations. 41% reported interference of E-learning due to network problems. 60% considered that clinical and practical skills are best learned in clinics and laboratories. More than one third of the students preferred classroom teaching and 34% of the students did not feel confident enough to take exit exams after E-learning sessions. CONCLUSION: E-learning satisfaction levels were better among developed countries (7.34) compared to developing countries (5.82). The majority of participants agreed that E-learning was satisfactory in acquiring knowledge, however not effective in acquiring clinical and technical skills. As the COVID-19 lockdown eases, there is a need for improvement in the methods employed in E-learning and more blended learning among healthcare students is recommended.

scholarly journals Μελέτη της επίδρασης της βακτηριακής αλλόθεσης στην μετεγχειρητική πορεία και την απώτερη πρόγνωση ασθενών με καρκίνο του παχέος εντέρου

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Δημήτριος Κεραμιδάρης
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
P Value

Introduction: Bacterial translocation is defined as the passage of live bacteria or theirconstituents from the gastrointestinal tract in extraintestinal sites. The importance ofbacterial translocation in colorectal cancer patients remains controversial. This studyinvestigates the association of bacterial translocation with long-term prognosis ofpatients with colorectal cancer. Additionally this study examines the predictive valueof serum procalcitonin measurement in patients with colorectal cancer.Material and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 54 consecutive patients withhistologically confirmed colorectal cancer. After receipt of patient's consent patientdemographics and clinical and pathological features of the disease were documented.Moreover, the value of serum procalcitonin, WBC, ESR and CRP were measured in ablood sample. In the operating room, immediately after laparotomy and before anysurgical manipulation irrigation of the peritoneal cavity with 100cc N / S 0.9% wasperformed and the washing was collected and sent for culture to determine thepossible presence of bacteria.Postoperatively, patients were followed for 60 days, during which all postoperativecomplications were recorded. Furthermore, long term overall survival and diseasefreesurvival were recorded.All statistical analyzes were performed with the statistical package SPSS. The p-value<0.05 was determined as statistically significant level of difference but we alsorecorded marginally significant statistical differences (0.05 <P <0.1).Results: The study included 32 men and 22 women with a mean age of 71 ± 11.02years . The median duration of hospitalization was 11 days , 35 % had complicationsduring hospitalization and 4% resulted in death. The cultures of the peritoneal lavagefluid was positive in 11% of patients with isolation Gram positive in 67% and Gramnegative pathogenic microorganism in 33%. Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between the culture of the peritoneal fluid and patientcharacteristics, clinical course, characteristics of the tumors and the levels of whiteblood cells , ESR , CRP, PCT and CEAThe analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the PCT andinflammatory markers (WBC, CRP, TKE) and the tumor marker CEA (p <0.05).Patients with distant metastases had significantly higher levels of PCT (0.074compared to 0.043 mg / L) compared to patients without metastases (p <0.05).Marginal statistical significance was found between the PCT and the degree ofdifferentiation (p = 0.09) The median follow up was 46 [ 22, 55 ] months . Duringfollow-up of patients 45.5 % had disease recurrence and 43.6 % died.The statistical analysis did not show the presence of significant correlation betweenthe result of the culture of the peritoneal fluid, and the overall and disease-freesurvival. The Kaplan-Meier survival showed a trend towards a shorter overallsurvival in patients with elevated levels of PCT No statistically significant correlationbetween the levels PCT and disease-free survival of patients was foundConclusion: The results of this study showed that bacterial translocation is relativelyfrequent in colorectal cancer and Procalcitonin is a useful biomarker for theinvestigation of patients with colorectal cancer. The clinical significance of bacterialtranslocation in patients with colorectal cancer is minimal as is not correlated withprognosis.

Prediction of Thalidomide Response in the Newly Diagnosed Untreated Multiple Myeloma Patients Based on a Panel of Protein Biomarkers

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 5018-5018
Author(s):  
Rajpal Rajpal ◽  
Paul Dowling ◽  
Justine Meiller ◽  
Kenneth C Anderson ◽  
Philip Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
T Test ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
2D Dige

Abstract Background: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy. Recently, there have been major therapeutic advances in the treatment of MM, including the use of immunomodulatory drugs. Thalidomide alone or in combination represents an effective treatment strategy for newly diagnosed, relapsed and refractory MM patients. The identification of novel biomarkers could lead to more effective, individualized therapeutic strategies with improved patient outcomes. Patients, Method & Material: Serum samples of sixteen newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients, who had had initial treatment with thalidomide based regimens were analyzed. Based on D100 re-staging, 8 responders and 8 non responders to thalidomide were identified. Samples were analysed using 2D-DIGE, a technique based on pre-electrophoretic labelling of samples with one of three spectrally resolvable fluorescent CyDyes (Cy2, Cy3, and Cy5) allowing multiplexing of samples into the same gel. Initially serum samples were immunodepleted, which specifically removes 14 high-abundant proteins representing approximately 94% of total protein mass. This allowed for easier analysis of low abundance proteins, which are more likely to be a source of potential biomarkers. All 2D-DIGE images were scanned and collected on a Typhoon Fluorescent Imager. Pooled samples were used as an internal standard to quantify expression changes with statistical significance. Statistics and quantitation of protein expression were carried out initially using DeCyder Biological Variation Analysis (BVA) software before performing subsequent Extended Data Analysis (EDA). Results: 18 proteins have been identified to be differentially expressed in non-responders compared to responders: 13 were up-regulated and 5 were down-regulated (t-test ≤ 0.02). All 18 proteins were &gt;1.25-fold differentially expressed, with changes up to 6.62-fold. For example, Fig.1 shows statistical analysis of protein 1 using DeCyder BVA software. This protein was increased 2.24-fold in the immuno-depleted serum from non-responders compared to responders, (t-test 0.0046). Once the 18 panel proteins were established, further statistical analysis was performed using DeCyder EDA software. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used to separate the responders from the non-responders based on the panel of 18 statistically significant differentially expressed proteins (Fig.2). Each dot on this plot represents a clinical sample; clinical samples from the same experimental groups are located in the same distinct areas, i.e. contained in one half of the plot, confirming consistency of results. Conclusion: Accurate prediction of an individual patient’s drug response is an important prerequisite of personalized medicine. Using a panel of proteomic biomarkers, we have demonstrated the feasibility of predicting sensitivity and response to thalidomide in previously untreated myeloma. We are in the process of identification of theses proteins and plan to confirm their predictive value in a larger group of patients. Figure Figure Figure Figure

The Family Parenting Influenced Adolescent Brawls Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heni Nurhaeni ◽  
Dinarti Dinarti ◽  
Dwi Priharti
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Relationship

There are four types of parenting: democratic, authoritarian, permissive, and ignored, which would affect the character of the child. But family upbringing itself influenced education, norms/cultural, environmental, social, economic and belongs to the family members. quasi-experimental study through questionnaires, observation, deep interview, and interventions against high school Students, Peers, Teachers (BK), and their Parents/Family have been conducted through a random sampling of 108 respondents in four high school set. The result met the test paired T test statistical significance level 0 and T test result of 0.05 shows that the two variables p-value of p=0.00000. Correlation tests showed that there is a relationship between two variables at-0616. This sign (-) means that the test results are negative correlation. Can be seen if the correlation between the two variables is quite high between 0.50 to 1.0 can be concluded that the direction of the relationship between the two variables is negative. These results can be displayed from "if the family provides a strict upbringing will influence behavior in high school brawls in Adolescents will tend to be low and vice versa".

Prevalence of autoimmune conditions in patients with marginal zone lymphoma: Exploratory analysis of a series of consecutive patients.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18543-e18543
Author(s):  
Joanna Grabska ◽  
Bruno Bockorny ◽  
Ion Codreanu ◽  
Prerna Mewawalla ◽  
Constantin Dasanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Marginal Zone Lymphoma ◽  
P Value ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions

e18543 Background: Recent literature suggests that an association exists between marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and certain autoimmune conditions. Furthermore, MZL and autoimmune diseases may share same pathogenesis in these patients. The present study was set to identify the prevalence of autoimmune phenomena in MZL patients and compare it with same in general population. Methods: We conducted both retrospective and prospective analyses in a series of consecutive patients (n=24) with MZL that had been followed in outpatient setting. Median age was 71.8 years (range, 50-96). Records were reviewed for the presence of autoimmune abnormalities; length of the prospective analysis segment was ~24 months. Prevalence of autoimmune disorders in our cohort was compared to their respective prevalence in general population. Statistical analysis: The obtained values were tested for statistical significance using Fisher’s exact test for small number of observations (95% confidence); a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 50% patients included in our study had documented autoimmune conditions. Identified autoimmune disorders included Hashimoto thyroiditis (n=5), immune thrombocytopenia [ITP] (n=4), rheumatoid arthritis [RA] (n=1), Raynaud's phenomena (n=1), psoriasis (n=1), and autoimmune hemolytic anemia [AIHA] (n=1). Statistical analysis showed the following significance: Hashimoto thyroiditis (p=0.037), ITP (p<0.01), AIHA (p<0.01), RA(p=0.351), psoriasis (p=0.479), and Raynaud's phenomena (p=0.666). Conclusions: Circa half of MZL patients also have autoimmune conditions, thus significantly exceeding the overall prevalence in general population. Statistically significant differences in our MZL patients were recorded for Hashimoto thyroiditis, ITP, and AIHA. When compared to the prevalence in general population, the difference did not reach statistical significance for RA, psoriasis, and Raynaud's phenomena. However, this may be related to the relatively small size of the analyzed cohort. Therefore, larger studies would be useful before definitive conclusions can be drawn.

Prevalence of Hemodynamically Significant Internal Carotid Artery Disease Based on the Signs of the Zodiac

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-122
Author(s):  
Natalie Andrews ◽  
Abraham Ettaher ◽  
Robert Scissons ◽  
David Paolini
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Carotid Artery Disease ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Vascular Ultrasound

Vascular sonography requires a basic understanding of statistical concepts used to evaluate exam efficacy. Statistical analysis, however, is often viewed as intimidating and dull. To make this subject less threatening and more interesting, our vascular ultrasound class investigated the prevalence of hemodynamically significant internal carotid artery (ICA) disease based on signs of the zodiac. Randomly selected carotid ultrasound patients were obtained from an accredited vascular laboratory database based on month and day of birth. Each sign of the zodiac was assigned 60 patients. Exam results were defined as (1) normal: bilateral < 50% ICA stenoses, or (2) abnormal: unilateral or bilateral ⩾ 50% ICA stenosis. The Fisher exact test was used to compare normal and abnormal patient groups within each sign of the zodiac. The P value of < .05 was used to define statistical significance. A total of 720 patients were included in this analysis. Patients born under the sign of Gemini had significantly fewer numbers of abnormal stenoses than 6 astrological groups: Capricorn ( P = .004), Virgo ( P = .014), Libra ( P = .007), Pisces ( P = .026), Aries ( P = .000), and Sagittarius ( P = .007). Patients born under the sign of Aries had significantly greater numbers of abnormal results than 7 zodiacal groups: Taurus ( P = .001), Aquarius ( P = .002), Gemini ( P = .000), Pisces ( P = .040), Cancer ( P = .015), Scorpio ( P = .002), and Leo ( P = .022). Hemodynamically significant (⩾50%) ICA stenoses were statistically more prevalent for carotid duplex patients born under the zodiac sign of Aries and significantly less prevalent under the sign of Gemini. While these results may be medically unimportant, this vascular ultrasound assignment helps students understand the value of statistical reporting and, in general, made statistical analysis more relatable and enjoyable.

Significance tests in clinical research—Challenges and pitfalls

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Skovlund
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significance Tests ◽  
Number Of Patients

AbstractBackgroundStatistical analyses are used to help understand the practical significance of the findings in a clinical study. Many clinical researchers appear to have limited knowledge onhowto perform appropriate statistical analysis as well as understanding what the results in fact mean.MethodsThis focal review is based on long experience in supervising clinicians on statistical analysis and advising editors of scientific journals on the quality of statistical analysis applied in scientific reports evaluated for publication.ResultsBasic facts on elementary statistical analyses are presented, and common misunderstandings are elucidated. Efficacy estimates, the effect of sample size, and confidence intervals for effect estimates are reviewed, and the difference between statistical significance and clinical relevance is highlighted. The weaknesses of p-values and misunderstandings in how to interpret them are illustrated with practical examples.Conclusions and recommendationsSome very important questions need to be answered before initiating a clinical trial. What is the research question? To which patients should the result be generalised? Is the number of patients sufficient to draw a valid conclusion? When data are analysed the number of (preplanned) significance tests should be kept small and post hoc analyses should be avoided. It should also be remembered that the clinical relevance of a finding cannot be assessed by the p-value. Thus effect estimates and corresponding 95% confidence intervals should always be reported.

scholarly journals Relation of Tea Likeliness and Normal Breathing Rate

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Normal Breathing ◽  
Standard Value

The objective of the present study was to link tea likeliness and normal breathing rate. A person’s respiratory rate is the number of breaths, he takes per minute. The average respiratory rate for a human being is 16 breaths per minute but it may vary from 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Statistical analysis was done by using SASS software in which t-Test was applied to determine the relation of tea likeliness and normal breathing rate and p-value less than 0.1 was taken as a standard value. It was deduced from the present study that there is no relation of tea likeliness and normal breathing rate in humans.

scholarly journals Higher Education Languages of Instruction in Morocco and their impact on the Receptive Vocabulary Size of Moroccan EFL Master Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Agrram
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Research Question ◽  
T Test ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Significant Difference

Having a clear vocabulary profile of Moroccan master students might reveal where these participants stand compared to other countries. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the effect of languages of instruction in Morocco (e.g., Arabic vs. French) on the receptive vocabulary size of EFL Moroccan master students (e.g., departments of letters, science, and law). To this end, Meara’s (2010) Yes/No test was used as an instrument to measure the overall vocabulary size of these participants. A total of 325 EFL master students took the aforementioned test. The main research question is: Does the medium of instruction have any effects on the receptive vocabulary size of these students? Descriptive statistics were employed to calculate the overall receptive vocabulary size of test-takers. It was found that Moroccan EFL master students have a total of (M= 2293) lemmas. An independent samples t-test was run to check for any statistical significance. The t-test statistic reveals that the significance level is less than the p-value (t=-4.068, p&lt; .05, df= 323). Thus, it was concluded that there was a statistically significant difference between the French group and the Arabic group. The results of this study confirm that students who were instructed in French (M= 2417, sd= 903, N=185) outperformed the other students who were taught in Arabic (M= 2058, sd= 903, N= 140). In the current study, among various suggestions, it is proposed that the volume of 30 hours in the English module is not sufficient and should be complemented with vocabulary-based activities.

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