scholarly journals Fiscal Decentralization and Environmental Pollution Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1379-1384
Author(s):  
Cordelia Onyinyechi Omodero
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Favorable Influence ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government

Fiscal decentralization is one of the strategies applied to involve both the national and local governments in environmental management. Although, this study tries to examine its effectiveness in Nigeria which has been ambiguous. Using a multiple regression method, the study examines the effect of revenue fiscal structure on CO2 emission management in Nigeria from 2007 to 2020. Controlling pollution through the fiscal system is exceedingly difficult. According to the t-statistic results, it is only the central government that has a significant favorable influence on pollution management. State and local governments have a minimal impact on CO2 emissions reduction. This outcome leads to a suggestion that resource accumulation powers should be equitable with a higher consideration to the state and local governments which have a greater burden of controlling pollution in the rural areas where majority of the citizens have their abodes. The government at all levels should guarantee that the country's environmental policies and regulations are effectively implemented in order to reduce carbon emissions and other types of environmental pollution.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE HANDLING OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Yurispruden ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Fahrul Abrori
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

 ABSTRAKPandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi di Indonesia membuat pemerintah membuat kebijakan-kebijakan sebagai stimulus untuk menjaga kestabilan masyarakat dan perekonomian. Pemerintah pusat memberikan kewenangan kepada pemerintah daerah untuk mengelola keuangan daerah untuk menangani covid-19 di daerah masing-masing. Hal ini disebabkan karena pemerintah daerah lebih memahami kebutuhan daerahnya. Permasalahan yang diangkat Pertama, bagaimana hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan keuangan untuk penanganan pandemi Covid-19? Kedua, Apa peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan keuangan daerah untuk penanganan pandemi Covid-19? Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan untuk Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu desentralisasi fiskal yang mana. Peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah untuk Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu dengan melakukan refocusing kegiatan, realokasi anggaran, dan Penggunaan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah.Kata kunci: Pemerintah Daerah, Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah, Pandemi Covid-19 ABSTRACTThe Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia led the government to make policies as a stimulus to maintain the stability of society and the economy. The central government authorizes local governments to manage local finances to deal with covid-19 in their respective regions. This is because the local government better understands the needs of the region. The issue raised first, how is the relationship between the Central Government and Local Government in financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic? Second, What is the role of local governments in regional financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic? Using normative juridical research methods with statutory approaches and concept approaches. The relationship between the Central Government and Local Government in Financial Management for the Handling of the Covid-19 Pandemic is fiscal decentralization. The role of local governments in regional financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic is by refocusing activities, reallocating budgets, and using regional budgets.Keywords: Local Government, Regional Financial Management, Covid-19 Pandemic

scholarly journals Fiscal Decentralization and Local Environmental Pollution in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8661
Author(s):  
Shufen Guo ◽  
Ludi Wen ◽  
Yanrui Wu ◽  
Xiaohang Yue ◽  
Guilian Fan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Environment Management ◽  
Environmental Preference ◽  
Fiscal Revenue ◽  
The Impact

Fiscal decentralization is one of the tools for the central government to engage local governments in environment management. However, its effects are inconclusive. This paper aims to examine the impact of fiscal decentralization on environmental pollution and the role of government environmental preference in China’s provinces. The results show that fiscal revenue decentralization exacerbates local environmental pollution more seriously than expenditure decentralization. This negative environmental effect of fiscal decentralization could be moderated by government environmental preference. Based on our findings, it is recommended that China’s local governments should improve environmental preference so that fiscal decentralization can create a win–win situation for the economy and environment. Furthermore, the different effects of fiscal revenue and expenditure decentralization create a necessity for differentiated management of fiscal decentralization by the central and local governments.

scholarly journals Fiscal Decentralization: Its Impact on Cities Growth

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Raksaka Mahi
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Block Grant ◽  
Grant Funding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Decentralization Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Indonesia currently adopts a new decentralization policy. In the past, central government had been the major role of regional and cities development. With the new policy, central government has transferred its role in developing cities and regions to the local governments. This policy adopts two complimentary laws. Law No.22/1999, which is basically the devolution policy, has been accompanied by Law No.25/1999, which basically is the fiscal decentralization policy. Both laws reflect that decentralization policy in Indonesia has adopted the concept of "money follows functions".Before the implementation of decentralization policy, the government of cities had been benefited from many facilities built by central government on the city area. With the decentralization policy, it is expected that a reduced role of central government will have a significant impact on the growth of cities in Indonesia. The policy has three major fiscal instruments; a block grant funding, a specific grant and revenue sharing. The block grant funding is considered as the most important instruments of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia. About 80 percent of financial transfer from central to local governments will be in the block grant type of transfer. In the past, the use of transfers was determined by central government specifically. Therefore, the role of block grant was very minimal. With the new fiscal decentralization scheme, the benefits of cities from central government investments are expected to decrease. Therefore, there is a question to what extend the cities will be sustainable in the decentralization era.This paper attempts to answer the impacts of current fiscal decentralization policy on the growth of the cities. The first objective of the paper is to evaluate the current intergovernmental tranfers and their impact to cities revenues. Secondly, by utilizing a regional macroeconometric model, this paper also elaborates the implication of the transfers to the city growth and interregional disparity in Indonesia. 

scholarly journals Development of Biofuels in China: Progress, Government Policies and Future Prospects

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Hongzhou
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
The Government

China is the largest energy consumer in the world, but has limited energy resources. Energy security is thus a primary concern for China. Over reliance on the consumption of fossil energy has resulted in severe environmental pollution, which puts pressure on the government to adjust its energy mix. To strengthen its energy supply and prevent further environmental degradation, China has been committed to developing renewable energies, such as biofuels. This article provides a comprehensive assessment of the development of biofuels, rural household biogas, and bioethanol, in particular. It also examines related government policies and the future prospects of the biofuel sector. The analysis shows that remarkable achievements have been made in the development of biogas in rural areas and in bioethanol at the industrial level. This progress is largely credited to government's strong support for the biofuel sectors. Nonetheless, although ongoing energy insecurity and environmental pollution continues to motivate the central government to support the development of biofuels, widening domestic food supply and demand gap, changes in rural life and agricultural industrialization constrain the further expansion of rural household biogas and cereal-based bioethanol. This article suggests that while China urgently needs to find alternative feedstock for the existing rural household biogas digesters and bioethanol plants, centralized biogas and non-cereal-based bioethanol projects should be prioritized for future development.

scholarly journals Fiscal Coordinationasthe Key Issue for Functioning Fiscal Federalisam in Multi-Level Countries / Fiskalna koordincija kao ključni faktor funkcioniranja fiskalnog federalizma u složenim državama

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Dinka Antić
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Fiscal Management ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Government

According to theory of fiscal federalism the optimum efficiency of the government sector can be ensured only by balancing the degree of centralization and decentralization of fiscal responsibilities between the central and local governments, where a fair distribution of income and economic stability can be provided by the central government, and the efficient use of resources by the local governments. Comparative analysis of the effects of the fiscal decentralization process in the world showed that a different balance of power between central and local governments can threaten the macroeconomic stability of complex countries. In conditions of week central government and strong regional governments, which is the case in Bosnia and Herzegovina, fiscal coordination between governments becomes a critical issue of functioning fiscal federalism in complex countries. Theoreticians of the new theory of fiscal federalism, called ‘a second generation theory’, believe that it is necessary to establish an institutional structure that will ensure smooth functioning of fiscal federalism. In that sense fiscal coordination between levels of government is seen as a key tool for running prudent fiscal management in complex countries that can bring the fiscal policy of middle levels of government in line with national fiscal goals.

scholarly journals Game Theory-Based Analysis of Local Governments’ Behavioral Dissimilation in the Third-Party Soil Pollution Control under Chinese-Style Fiscal Decentralization

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Caihua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
Party Control ◽  
The Third Party

The participation of a third party of the environmental service enterprise theoretically increases the level and efficiency of soil pollution control in China. However, Chinese-style fiscal decentralization may have a negative impact on the behaviors of participants, especially the local government. First, this paper conducts a positioning analysis on participants of the third-party soil pollution control in China and discusses the behavioral dissimilation of the local government under fiscal decentralization. Second, taking the government’s third-party soil pollution control as a case, a two-party game model of the central government and the local government is established around the principal-agent relationship, and a tripartite game model of the central government, the local government, and the third-party enterprise is designed around the collusion between the local government and the third-party enterprise. The results show that Chinese-style fiscal decentralization may lead to the behavioral dissimilation of local governments, that is, they may choose not to implement or passively implement the third-party control, and choose to conspire with third-party enterprises. Improving the benefits from implementing the third-party control of local governments and third-party enterprises, enhancing the central government’s supervision probability and capacity, and strengthening the central government’s punishment for behavioral dissimilation are conducive to the implementation of the third-party soil pollution control. Finally, this study puts forward policy suggestions on dividing the administrative powers between the central and local government in third-party control, building appraisal systems for the local government’s environmental protection performance, constructing environmental regulation mechanisms involving the government, market and society, and formulating the incentive and restraint policies for the participants in the third-party soil pollution control.

Within Source Diversification When the Going Gets Tough: Examining Alterations to Human Service Nonprofit Funding by Levels of Government

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-66
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Human Service ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Nonprofit Funding ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government

Government increasingly relies on nonprofit organizations to deliver public services, especially for human services. As such, human service nonprofits receive a substantial amount of revenue from government agencies via grants and contracts. Yet, times of crises result in greater demand for services, but often with fewer financial resources. As governments and nonprofits are tasked to do more with less, how does diversification within the government funding stream influence government-nonprofit funding relationships? More specifically, we ask: How do the number of different government partners and the type of government funder—federal, state, or local—influence whether nonprofits face alterations to government funding agreements? Drawing upon data from over 2,000 human service nonprofits in the United States, following the Great Recession, we find nonprofit organizations that only received funds from the federal government were less likely to experience funding alterations. This helps to illustrate the economic impact of the recession on state and local governments as well as the nonprofit organizations that partner with them.

Local Governments

2021 ◽  
pp. 303-328
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Division Of Powers ◽  
The Us ◽  
One Step ◽  
Us Constitution ◽  
State And Local

The US Constitution never mentions “city,” “county,” or “township,” not even “local” or “municipal” governments. It concerns itself only with sovereign entities. Because local governments “cannot claim to be sovereigns” and because whatever power a local government has tends to flow from its state, that sounds like the end of the matter. But local governments still exercise sovereign powers, including law enforcement, eminent domain, education, taxing, zoning, and other indispensable “attributes of sovereignty.” Even if the US Constitution does not mention cities by name and even if cities cannot claim sovereign status, the federal charter still has ample consequences for municipal governments. This chapter takes vertical separation of powers one step further, to federalism within federalism. It explains the division of powers between state and local governments and chronicles disputes that have arisen between them. If, in modern America, like-minded people increasingly gravitate to similar states, the same is true within states, whether in cities, suburbs, or rural areas. Home rule and other local allocations of power sometimes allow people in these communities to express their distinct political preferences and live under them, too.

Fiscal Decentralization and Local Borrowing in Turkish Provinces

2016 ◽  
pp. 505-519
Author(s):  
Mehmet Serkan Tosun ◽  
Dilek Uz ◽  
Serdar Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Spatial Econometrics ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Reforms

There have been important developments in the decentralization of the government structure in Turkey since the early 1980s. This paper examines the link between fiscal decentralization and local borrowing within Turkish provinces. It first discusses local government reforms throughout the history of the Turkish Republic with the focus on recent reform efforts and current local government structure. It then provides an empirical analysis of the effects of decentralization in Turkish provinces using cross-sectional and panel data approaches, and spatial econometrics. The dataset consists of 67 provinces from 1980 to 2000, and separately cross-sectional data on all 81 provinces for the year 2000. Using decentralization measures such as number of local governments per capita and ratio of own-source municipal revenue to total provincial tax revenue, and specific characteristics of the municipalities the analysis examines whether variations in local decentralization across these provinces and across time have had a significant impact municipal borrowing in those provinces.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN KLASTER AGROINDUSTRI DI DESA GONDANGAN KECAMATAN JOGONALAN KLATEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Ida Susi D ◽  
Didik I ◽  
Asih Marini W
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Industry Cluster ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Participation ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

SMEs snacks in Gondangan village has the potential to be developed. The village has the potential to be Gondangan Agro-industry region, although it is still much that needs to be repaired and prepared.This study aims to determine the attitude of the public about the development of SMEs in rural areas Gondangan into Agro-industry clusters and how community participation in the development of SMEs in rural areas Gondangan to be Agroindustri. Respondents in this study were the leaders and local community leaders, citizens, snack home industry in the region.This study is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data of this study is primary data and secondary data consists of qualitative and quantitative data. Primary data were obtained with the interview and focus group discussion.The results showed that the attitude of the public, snack ho,e industri actor and local governments support the development of the region as an area of Agro-Industry cluster. In terms of participation, the government showed a high participation and support by facilitating a variety of activities to realize the region of Agro-Industry cluster, while the snacks businessman as the main actor of Agro-industry development of the area did not show a high level of participation.

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