scholarly journals Interrelation of Hierarchy of Structures at Comparison of Linear and Cross-linked Polymer Compounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Ibragim Suleimenov ◽  
Galym Mamytbekov ◽  
Esen Bekturov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Linear Polymer ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Real Behavior ◽  
Polymer Compound ◽  
Real Concentration ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Effect ◽  
Molecular Salt ◽  
Hierarchy Of Structures

The comparison of behavior of a linear polymer compounds and cross-linked networks are carried out. It is shown, that the correspondence between rheological behavior of a linear polymer compound and macroscopic behavior of its cross-linked analog is determined by topology of structures describing a hydrogel as qualitatively new object as well as by the type of polymer – solvent interactions. In this situation swelling degree is completely described by the Katchalsky – Lifson’s theory. Moreover it is possible to predict microscopic behavior of macromolecular chains on the base of experimental studies of macroscopic specimens of the gel. Such investigations may be carried out in direct way for organogels. When the gel is charged (polyelectrolyte effect takes place) it is necessary to make some correction. The fact is due to so called effect of concentration redistribution, which occurs when surface of the gel acts as a membrane. In such situation the concentration of low-molecular salt inside gel may be quite more low then the concentration of the salt outside specimen. Thus in the solutions of ionogenic salts real behavior of the specimen is determined not average concentration of salt, but the real concentration of salt inside of the gel. Measuring this concentration experimentally it is possible to carried out investigations of charged macromolecular chains on the base of macroscopic specimens too.

scholarly journals Effect of Radon on oncological morbidity of the population: comparative analysis of some regions of Ukraine and France

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 585-595
Author(s):  
O.O. Lebed ◽  
M.O. Klymenko ◽  
A.V. Lysytsya ◽  
V.O. Myslinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Radon Emanation ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Volumetric Activity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Comparative Description ◽  
Measurement Campaigns

<p><span lang="EN-US">Radon contributes about 50% to the total annual effective dose of human radioactive irradiation. This gas is the main radiological pollutant of ecosystems. The question of studying the effect of radon on increasing the risk of the incidence of lung cancer is relevant in the context of European sanitary and hygienic research. We give in this article a comparative description of the results of experimental studies of volumetric activity of radon inside the air of the first floors of residential premises in Corsica island (France) and town of Rivne (Ukraine). «Kodak-alpha» integrated solid-state track detectors were used in France for three measurement campaigns between 1990 and 1999 (152 measurements in residential buildings and 638 in the schools of the island). In Ukraine, we did research using the “Alfarad Plus” Express Radon meter from 2013 to 2017 (200 measurements in the apartments of the first floors of buildings). The regions studied are similar in several parameters, which affect the increase in the percentage of cancer diseases: geology of underlying soils, the structure of housing and building material, the number of people and incidence of lung cancer, smoking factor, etc. We found that the volume activity (VA) of radon in indoor air in-house compared regions have close in value. The main reason is the similarity of the underlying granites in terms of radon emanation power. The average geometric value of radon VA in living quarters for various measurement campaigns in Corsica is in the range from 81 to 152 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> (the average of them is 134 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>). This value for Rivne is 127 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>. VA of radon in residential areas of Rivne have a lognormal distribution. Building norms for equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity (EEVA) of radon in the premises of Rivne are exceeded in 6.6% of buildings, Corsica - from 6 to 10% (this depends on the measurement campaign). Here, the average concentration of radon in housing is over 400 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>. We calculated the relative risk of lung cancer incidence due to radon for the population of the studied regions. The Jacobi and BEIR-VI models were used for Rivne for 70 years of exposure, and the BEIR-VI model was taken for Corsica for 110 years of exposure. The proportion of deaths from lung cancer is in Corsica from 30 to 48%, while for Rivne - about 50%. Consequently, the percentages of deaths from lung cancer caused by radon with an average value of VA in housing 134 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>, for men and women Corsica are 21.3% and 22.6% respectively (21.5% for the entire population) of the total number of deaths from this disease. In the quantitative form it is 33 people (men - 28, women - 5) out of 155 people died for a year from lung cancer. For residents of Rivne, the percentage of deaths from lung cancer is 25.1%, average value of VA in housing is 127 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>. 53 people die on average for a year from lung cancer caused by radon (men - 47, women - 6) of 214 deaths per year lung cancer lot. A preliminary assessment of the synergistic interaction between smoking and radon showed that there could be a 50% increase in morbidity due to radon for smokers, compared to non-smokers. However, these data are not sufficiently representative and therefore further research is needed.</span><span lang="EN-US">Rivne; Corsica; living rooms; volumetric activity of radon; lung cancer</span></p>

scholarly journals Mould Contamination Experimental Study in Public Building Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Guojie Chen ◽  
Xuanhao Ran ◽  
Yaqian Huang ◽  
Huaihao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Public Building ◽  
Building Environment ◽  
Mould Contamination ◽  
Made In

This paper is aimed at the experimental study on mould contamination status. Mold contamination has seriously threatened residents’ physical and mental health and buildings. However, few experimental studies on mold contamination was made in the built environment under hot and humid climate. We firstly prepared the Sabaurauds agar(SAB) with reference to the national standard and set sampling points by the five-point sampling method in a classroom of USC. Then, we cultured the sample in 28 °C constant temperature condition, counted mould number with plate counting method and referred to the Omeilianski formula to calculate indoor mould concentration. The study found that the average concentration of mould spore in the typical public building was 629cfu/m3, and the exceeding rate was up to 25.8%. The results show that the typical public building environment in Hengyang has serious mould contamination, thus further environmental optimization research is urgently needed.

3-D reconstruction and analysis of mammalian mitotic spindle structure

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 578-579
Author(s):  
Kent McDonald ◽  
David Mastronarde ◽  
Rubai Ding ◽  
Eileen O'Toole ◽  
J. Richard McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Mitotic Spindles ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Spindle Structure ◽  
Tissue Culture Line

Mammalian spindles are generally large and may contain over a thousand microtubules (MTs). For this reason they are difficult to reconstruct in three dimensions and many researchers have chosen to study the smaller and simpler spindles of lower eukaryotes. Nevertheless, the mammalian spindle is used for many experimental studies and it would be useful to know its detailed structure.We have been using serial cross sections and computer reconstruction methods to analyze MT distributions in mitotic spindles of PtK cells, a mammalian tissue culture line. Images from EM negatives are digtized on a light box by a Dage MTI video camera containing a black and white Saticon tube. The signal is digitized by a Parallax 1280 graphics device in a MicroVax III computer. Microtubules are digitized at a magnification such that each is 10-12 pixels in diameter.

Experimental studies of toxic factors in uremic encephalopathy

1970 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-840
Author(s):  
P. E. Teschan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Uremic Encephalopathy ◽  
Toxic Factors

Bioavailability of naringenin chalcone in humans after ingestion of cherry tomatoes

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Kolot ◽  
Ana Rodriguez-Mateos ◽  
Rodrigo Feliciano ◽  
Katharina Bottermann ◽  
Wilhelm Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Active Molecule ◽  
Reactive Center ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Cherry Tomatoes

Abstract. Chalcones are a type of flavonoids characterized by an α-β unsaturated structural element which may react with thiol groups to activate pathways such as the Nrf2-Keap-1 system. Naringenin chalcone is abundant in the diet but little is known about its bioavailability. In this work, the bioavailability of naringenin chalcone from tomatoes was investigated in a group of healthy men (n=10). After ingestion of 600 grams of tomatoes providing a single dose of 17.3 mg naringenin chalcone, 0.2 mg of naringenin, and 195 mg naringin plasma levels of free and conjugated naringenin and naringenin chalcone (glucuronide and sulfate) were analyzed by UHPLC-QTOF-MS at 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 h post-consumption. Plasma levels of conjugated naringenin increased to about 12 nmol/L with a maximum at about 3 h. Concentrations of free naringenin hardly elevated above baseline. Plasma levels of free and conjugated naringenin chalcone significantly increased. A maximum of the conjugated chalcone was reached at about 3 h after ingestion with an average concentration of about 0.5 nmol/L. No free chalcone was detectable at baseline but low amounts of the unconjugated compound could be detected with an average maximum of 0.8 nmol/L at about 1 h after ingestion. The data demonstrate that naringenin chalcone is bioavailable in humans from cherry tomatoes as a dietary source. However, availability is poor and intramolecular cyclisation as well as extended metabolism likely contribute to the inactivation of the reactive alpha-beta unsaturated reactive center as well as the excretion of the biologically active molecule, respectively.

Effects of Attachment Styles on the Experience of Equity in Heterosexual Couples Relationships

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Grau ◽  
Jörg Doll
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Equity Ratio

Abstract. Employing one correlational and two experimental studies, this paper examines the influence of attachment styles (secure, anxious, avoidant) on a person’s experience of equity in intimate relationships. While one experimental study employed a priming technique to stimulate the different attachment styles, the other involved vignettes describing fictitious characters with typical attachment styles. As the specific hypotheses about the single equity components have been developed on the basis of the attachment theory, the equity ratio itself and the four equity components (own outcome, own input, partner’s outcome, partner’s input) are analyzed as dependent variables. While partners with a secure attachment style tend to describe their relationship as equitable (i.e., they give and take extensively), partners who feel anxious about their relationship generally see themselves as being in an inequitable, disadvantaged position (i.e., they receive little from their partner). The hypothesis that avoidant partners would feel advantaged as they were less committed was only supported by the correlational study. Against expectations, the results of both experiments indicate that avoidant partners generally see themselves (or see avoidant vignettes) as being treated equitably, but that there is less emotional exchange than is the case with secure partners. Avoidant partners give and take less than secure ones.

Exneriana – II – The Scientific Legacy of John E. Exner, Jr. 1Part of this paper was presented at the XIXth International Congress of Rorschach and Projective Methods, July 22–26, 2008, Louvain, Belgium.

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Andronikof
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
International Congress ◽  
Response Process ◽  
Scientific Legacy ◽  
Projective Test ◽  
Projective Methods ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Complex Mechanisms

Based on an analysis of John Exner’s peer-reviewed published work from 1959 to 2007, plus a brief comment for an editorial in Rorschachiana, the author draws a comprehensive picture of the scientific work of this outstanding personality. The article is divided into three sections: (1) the experimental studies on the Rorschach, (2) the clinical studies using the Rorschach, and (3) Exner’s “testament,” which we draw from the last paper he saw published before his death (Exner, 2001/2002). The experimental studies were aimed at better understanding the nature of the test, in particular the respective roles of perception and projection in the response process. These fundamental studies led to a deeper understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in the Rorschach responses and introduced some hypotheses about the intentions of the author of the test. The latter were subsequently confirmed by the preparatory sketches and documents of Hermann Rorschach, which today can be seen at the H. Rorschach Archives and Museum in Bern (Switzerland). Exner’s research has evidenced the notion that the Rorschach is a perceptive-cognitive-projective test.

The “Big Two” in Political Communication

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Bertolotti ◽  
Patrizia Catellani ◽  
Karen M. Douglas ◽  
Robbie M. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Political Sophistication

In two experimental studies (conducted in Britain and Italy), participants read about a politician answering to leadership- versus morality-related allegations using either downward counterfactuals (“things could have been worse, if ...”) or upward counterfactuals (“things could have been better, if ...”). Downward messages increased the perception of the politician’s leadership, while both downward and upward messages increased morality perception. Political sophistication moderated the effect of message direction, with downward messages increasing perceived morality in low sophisticates and upward messages increasing perceived morality in high sophisticates. In the latter group, the acknowledgment of an intent to take responsibility mediated morality judgment. Results were consistent across different countries, highlighting previously unexplored effects of communication on the perception of the “Big Two” dimensions.

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