scholarly journals Family Stories about the Great Patriotic War: Specifics of Historical Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-489
Author(s):  
Petr S. Kabytov ◽  
◽  
Nadezhda N. Kabytova ◽  
Ekaterina P. Barinova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Family Stories ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Digitized Documents ◽  
The Military

The article considers the principles and methods of studying behavioral practices in the everyday life of people through their fates during the Great Patriotic War. The materials of oral history are analyzed, the subjectivity of which does not distort, but complements the information of legislative and clerical sources. Valuable information is contained in declassified and digitized documents of the Martyrologist of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. Based on the memories of war and labor veterans, data of electronic resources highlighting new facets of known events, forms and methods of overcoming dangers and threats in extreme conditions are shown, which made it possible to identify a specific mechanism for the formation of the human factor in the military defense potential of the country.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC CRIME IN MAGNITOGORSK DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: THE INFORMATION CAPACITY OF HISTORICAL SOURCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-659
Author(s):  
M.N. Potemkina
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
Information Capacity ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Crimes

The sources on the history of economic crime during the Great Patriotic War are considered in this article. They relate to an important industrial rear town - Magnitogorsk. The documentary materials of central and local archives, as well as publications in the local press of the war period, containing information that can be used for scientific purposes to study the problems of economic crime in the Soviet rear under extreme conditions of war, are examined. The revealed materials contain statistical data, descriptions of various types of economic crimes, analysis of the factors of their reproduction, change in the legislative base of the state counteraction to crime. It was concluded that, despite the incomplete preservation and dispersion of documents in various archives and funds, the identified materials have a high informative value and their scientific use will contribute to the integrated disclosure of the problem of economic crime in a rear industrial city of strategic importance.

scholarly journals Soviet soldiers of the Great Patriotic War rescued from starvation by foreign humanitarian missions in 1921-1923s

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Grigory Gennadievich Tsidenkov
Keyword(s):  
National Archive ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Food Treatment ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
The People ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Digitized Documents ◽  
The Military

The paper draws attention to such an important historical aspect as the connection between foreign humanitarian activities in Soviet Russia and Ukraine during the famine of 1921-1923 and the participation of the people of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War. It is well known that during the famine of 1921-1923, a large number of foreign aid organizations functioned in Russia and Ukraine and provided food, treatment and clothing to several million starving children who were doomed to death without outside help. Some of these organizations opened orphanages on the territory of the RSFSR for homeless children and children left without parental care. Many of those men and women who went to war in 1941-1945 were saved during the famine by foreign organizations. Thanks to modern databases of digitized documents on the Great Patriotic War, it becomes possible to trace the military fate of these people. The paper, based on the materials of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the National Archive of Sweden, provides specific examples of the fate of participants in the Great Patriotic War, who were saved in 1922-1923 by the Red Cross organizations of Sweden and the Netherlands.

“WORKING IN THE HOSPITAL HAS QUICKLY MADE US ADULTS...” BOOK REVIEW: FRONT-LINE ASTRAKHAN. HOSPITALS. ASTRAKHAN, 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Sergey Yu. Kondratenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Illustrative Material

The article provides a review of the book “Front-line Astrakhan. Hospitals. Astrakhan, 2021”. The author of the article analyzes both the positive and the negative aspects of the work. It is worth emphasizing that the book is devoted to one of the promising subfields of research in the history of the Great Patriotic War – the everyday life of the front-line and of the military rear. The publication is a comprehensive research of the activities of the hospitals located in Astrakhan and the Astrakhan region during the war. Compilers acquaint the reader with the main aspects of the daily occurrence of the medical personnel of the hospitals and the wounded soldiers and commanders of the Red Army. The reviewed work contains numerous memoirs of both the medical workers and residents of Astrakhan, and it allows the reader to plunge into the hard and heroic days of the hospitals. Another important aspect, considered in the publication, is the patronage assistance provided to the hospitals by enterprises and ordinary citizens. It involved millions of people, especially children and adolescents. Corporate assistance played an important part in the psychological rehabilitation of the wounded Red Army soldiers. It is also necessary to note the illustrative material, the peer-reviewed works, which in fact represent additional sources for the research of the front-line and the military rear routine. This research will be interesting to everyone who is keen on the history of the Great Patriotic War.

scholarly journals Martial Law as a Legal Phenomenon of the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Sergei Gennadievich ◽  
Aleksey Deryugin
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Martial Law ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Military

The article attempts to give an objective assessment of the state wartime policy aimed at regulating public relations during the Great Patriotic War, to qualify the activities of the military authorities, the USSR NKVD troops and bodies as subjects of legal relations developed in the sphere of functioning of the legal regime of that time. The relevance of the research of the mentioned problems is conditioned by the urgent need to strengthen the confrontation with the ongoing attempts to rewrite the history and neutralize the significance of the USSR’s victory over Nazi Germany. From the standpoint of the principle of historicism, the article reveals the legal structure of the martial law regime as a wartime integral legal phenomenon. The specific historical reasons for the establishment of an emergency legal regime in the frontline zone, its content as a kind of martial law regime, the specificity of the troops and bodies activities of the USSR NKVD to ensure the legal regime of the frontline zone are also shown. Based on archival and other historical sources, the article substantiates the conclusion that the scope of powers of the military authorities, troops and law enforcement agencies directly depended on the severity degree of the legal regime, which, in its turn, determined the restriction degree of the rights and freedoms of the population living in the areas of the emergency legal provisions action. Recommendations for the application of emergency legal mechanisms aimed at ensuring state and public security, taking into account the interests of the state and society, are formulated in the conclusion.

scholarly journals The Difficult alliance. Military cooperation between the ruthenian king Daniel and the Piasts of Mazovia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Michał Skoczyński
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
The Military

Abstract The article presents the military cooperation between the King of Galician-Volhynian Ruthenia, Daniel Romanowicz, and the Dukes of Mazovia, Konrad and his son Siemowit. The alliance, based as a counterweight for the cooperation between the King of Hungary and the Piast princes of Lesser Poland, who were trying to conquer Ruthenia and dominate all Piast principalities in then fragmented Poland. It lasted for several decades from the 1220’s to the 1260’s and was primarly aimed at mutual protection against the invasions of the pagan Yotvingians and supporting each other in armed conflicts. The text contains an analysis of war expeditions, tactics and ways of support that were given by both sides of the allianace. It is a new point of view on this aspect of political strategy of both sides that in some ways defined the regional situation. Ruthenians granted masovian Piasts some mobile and political uncommited support in fight with their relatives in Poland, and also secured their border with the Yotvingians. On the other hand, masovian knights were an additional strike force in ruthenian plundering expeditions to Yotvingia. The research was based on the analysis of preserved historical sources and scientific literature using historical methodology.

WESTERN EUROPEAN AND BYZANTINE SOURCES OF THE MIDDLE AGES ABOUT THE RELATIONS BETWEEN WESTERN AND EASTERN CHRISTIANS AND THE CAPTURE OF CONSTANTINOPLE BY THE CRUSADERS IN 1204

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
Dmitriy M. Abramov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Military ◽  
Detailed Picture ◽  
The Middle Ages

Historical sources and evidence of the eyewitnesses of the 4th crusade in many respects reflect the complexity and sharpness of the contradictions between the Western and Eastern Christendom at the turn of the 12th – 13th centuries. The evidence and narrations proceed from the most direct participants in the military events, broke out on the shore of the Bosporus in 1203–1204. The authors of those materials belonged to the two opposing camps, and therefore the analysis of those sources represents a sufficiently complete and detailed picture of the occurred tragedy. A thorough analysis of the sources makes it possible to at least partially see and comprehend the causes of the military confrontation between the Western and Eastern Christians, who represented – just a while ago, in the first half of the 11th century – the united Ecumenical Church. The sources vividly reflect the mood that prevailed in the crusaders’ encampment in April, 1204, hesitation and doubt of the bulk of the Cross Warriors who were not sure of the rightness of their actions in the preparation for the assault of Constantinople. Many of them understood that they would have to raise the sword against their fellow believers – the Christians of the East. But the most tragic outcome of the 1202–1204 Crusade was the crushing defeat of Constantinople by the Cross Warriors. For the Romans (Byzantines) that became the reason for the disintegration of the Roman Empire. For all Eastern Christians it indicated the demise of the capital of the Orthodox Christendom.

IN ADDITION TO THE DEBATE ON THE MILITARY AND POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF N. G. STOLETOV'S SUMMER MISSION TO AFGHANISTAN IN 1878

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
A.B. ARBEKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
British India ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Major General

The article analyzes the events that led to the beginning of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1881). In particular, the military and political side of the Anglo-Russian conflict at the final stage of the Eastern crisis (1875-1878) is sub-jected to a more detailed study. The author examines in details a particular episode – the departure to Afghanistan in the summer of 1878 the diplomatic mission of Major-General N. G. Stoletov to conclude an alliance against England, which was accompanied with a military demon-stration of the Russian army in relation to British India. Based on the comparison of the domestic and foreign researcher’s points of view, as well as by involving various groups of historical sources, an attempt is made to give an objective assessment of these events and to identify their influence on the genesis of the second Anglo-Afghan war, which became a natural consequence of the Anglo-Russian rivalry in the East at the end of the XIX century.

Features of Victory Day Celebrations in the DPR and LPR: Old and New Meanings, Officialdom and Festivity, Stability and Adaptation

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Яна Владимировна Комар
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Short Period ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Emotional Component ◽  
The Military

В статье на основе методов включенного наблюдения и интервьюирования современников, материалов периодической печати представлена картина проведения 9 мая на территориях Донецкой народной республики и Луганской народной республики. В ходе исследования удалось выяснить, что в республиках эта дата вышла за рамки памяти о событиях и участниках Великой Отечественной войны, дополнившись новыми смыслами, приобретя свои особенности и знаковость. Коммеморативные практики не ограничились только погибшими в период Великой Отечественной войны: они включили в себя и погибших военных в действующем вооруженном конфликте на Донбассе, и погибших мирных граждан республик. Особое внимание уделяется роли Русской православной церкви Московского патриархата (РПЦ МП) в мероприятиях, проводимых по случаю праздника. Праздничная атрибутика включает в себя ряд уникальных символов и знаков, характерных только для Дня Победы. Вместе с тем 9 мая на темпоральном отрезке занимает небольшой часовой промежуток времени, а потенциал эмоциональной составляющей и наполненность дня больше сравнима с праздничной культурной традицией, чем с коммеморативной. This article describes Victory Day commemorations (9 May) in the territories of the Donetsk People’s Republic and the Lugansk People’s Republic, based on observation, interviews, and material from the periodical press. In the course of the study, it was found out that in the republics celebration of this date went beyond the memory of the events and participants of the Great Patriotic War. The holiday assumed new meanings, acquiring its own characteristics and markers. Commemorative practices were not limited to participants of the Great Patriotic War, but were also devoted to the military and civilian dead in the current armed conflict in the Donbas. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (ROC MP) in events held on this day. The holiday’s celebration includes a number of unique symbols and signs that are only characteristic of the 9th of May. While the celebration of 9 th of May takes but a short period of time, its emotional component and capacity for expression are more comparable to the festival tradition than to that of commemoration. At the same time, on the temporal segment, 9th of May takes a short one-hour period of time, and the potential of the emotional component and the fullness of the day is more comparable to the festive cultural tradition than to the commemorative one.

scholarly journals Historical e-sources on the problem of the irrevocable human losses during the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945 (by the example of the Kuibyshev (Samara) Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Olga Yuryevna Igoshina
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
The Military ◽  
Mass Sources ◽  
Human Losses

This paper considers one of the urgent problems of the great Patriotic war history - the irrevocable human losses during the great Patriotic war. In the 21st century mass sources (electronic databases and databanks) were distributed. Some of them can be used while studying how local people of the Kuibyshev (now - Samara) Region participated in the military operations in 1941-1945. The paper analyzes information opportunities of the generalized databank Memorial and the consolidated database of the all-Russian information and search center Fatherland. The paper also analyzes the electronic database of the irrevocable human losses of the Kuibyshev Region that is founded on The Memory book and made by the author of the paper. The databank Memorial and the database Fatherland are on the Internet and help to determine the fate or find the information about the dead or missing relatives and friends as well as to determine their burial place. Sections of the victims are accompanied by links as well as by digital copies of archival documents that confirm the information about the date, place of service, death and burial of soldier. Electronic resources have unique features and value for achieving the historical truth about the price of Victory.

scholarly journals They Arrived Completely Intact: The Evacuation of Chersonese Museum Collections to Sverdlovsk

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Mokhov ◽  
Andrey Shamanaev ◽  
Karina Kapsalykova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Public Organisations ◽  
The Military

This article considers the emergency evacuation of the collections of the Chersonese Historical and Archaeological Museum from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk during the Great Patriotic War, between September and December 1941. The authors analyse some issues concerning the preparation and transportation of the museum collection and the interaction between state structures and cultural institutions in wartime conditions. The study is based on unpublished archival materials from the funds of the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region and the Documentation Centre of Public Organisations of Sverdlovsk Region. The study of problems connected with saving cultural heritage during military conflicts is relevant considering the threat of local wars in the modern world. At present, military actions pose serious risks of the destruction, damage, and illicit transfer of museum exhibits. The authors employ the historical and anthropological approach, paying a great deal of attention to the historiography of the issue of cultural heritage preservation during the Great Patriotic War. The experience of evacuating heritage collections from the Chersonese Museum is both unique and typical. One hundred and eight crates of artifacts, books, and archival documents were sent from Sevastopol to Sverdlovsk, accompanied by a single employee of the museum, S. F. Strzelecki. Owing to his effort, the priceless collection was successfully delivered to the rear. Most problems faced during the emergency evacuation of the Chersonese collections related to the deficit of material resources, rapid changes in the situation at the front, inefficient interaction between the bodies of power, academic and cultural institutions, and deficiencies in the transportation system. The authors argue that during the early stages of the Great Patriotic War, the conditions in the military and cultural spheres posed a significant threat to the preservation of cultural heritage. There were no mobilisation plans for museums and the authorities failed to assess the real risks of wartime. Taking these factors into account should help diminish the threat of cultural heritage loss during military conflicts.

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