scholarly journals Gender Incidence in the Salary of Informal Workers for the Management of Socioeconomic Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Melendres Medina ◽  
M. Campaña Lara ◽  
B. Riera Riera ◽  
J. Orozco Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Women's Wages ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Traditional Patterns

This research examined the problems experienced by women who work in the informal sector of the city of Riobamba due to receiving poor and lower incomes than men. The main objective was to analyze the influence that gender has on wages of women in this sector, to establish strategies that can promote more equitable development. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used using inductive and deductive methods. Data were collected through a survey and analyzed using the Chi square test. The results showed that women's wages were dependent on their gender, conditioned by a sociocultural environment that has not evolved, especially in the informal sectors made up mostly of rural population. Also, the presence of child labor was evident, and wages could not cover the basic needs of women who identified as heads of household with family responsibilities of between three to five people. The strategy identified to promote equity in the recognition and value of fair work without distinction of gender was based on the following elements: the implementation of inclusion policies and control, training of young women in non-traditional trades, promotion of changes in traditional patterns in households, and policies to combat poverty with a gender focus for sustainable social development. Keywords: gender, equity, salary, strategies, socioeconomic, management. Resumen La investigación plantea la problemática que viven las mujeres que trabajan en el sector informal de la ciudad de Riobamba debido a su condición de género para percibir ingresos deficientes e inferiores a los hombres, el objetivo principal es analizar la incidencia que tiene el género en el salario de las mujeres de este sector para el establecimiento de estrategias que promuevan un desarrollo más equitativo. La metodología investigativa considera estudios analíticos, correlacionales, exploratorios, de campo, un enfoque cuali- cuantitativo, con métodos inductivos y deductivos, usando técnicas como la encuesta, considerado la relación de dependencia a través del Chi cuadrado para la comprobación de la hipótesis, como resultados principales se puede encontrar que la incidencia del género en los salarios de las mujeres es dependiente, condicionado por un ambiente sociocultural que no ha evolucionado sobre todo en los sectores informales conformados en su mayoría por población rural, se evidencia la presencia del trabajo infantil y salarios que no pueden cubrir las necesidades básicas de mujeres que se identifican como jefes de hogar con cargas familiares de entre 3 a 5 personas, se plantea como solución la estrategia para promover la equidad en el reconocimiento y puesta en valor del trabajo equitativo sin distinción de género basada en 5 elementos: la implementación de políticas de inclusión y control, la capacitación de las jóvenes en oficios no tradicionales, promoción de cambios de patrones tradicionales en los hogares, políticas de combate a la pobreza con enfoque de género para un desarrollo social sustentable. Palabras clave: género, equidad, salario, estrategias, socioeconómicas, gestión.

scholarly journals THE TIDAL FLOOD-AFFECTED COMMUNITY’S PERCEPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN PASIRKRATONKRAMAT SUB-DISTRICT PEKALONGAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Muh Aris Marfai ◽  
Sudrajat . ◽  
Eviana Rosida
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Heads Of Household ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Java Sea

Pekalongan City, particularly North Pekalongan District, lies adjacently to the Java Sea. This situation shapes the vulnerability of the District to tidal floods, which have been occurring since 2005. Tidal floods negatively affect the community, as well as the inundated environment. Since 2016, the flooding has reached the areas in Pekalongan Barat District, especially Pasirkratonkramat Sub-District. It affected 1,435 households distributed in 13 Community Units. This research analyzed the community perception of the quality of the environment inundated by tidal floods, including the biophysical and the socio-economic environments. It used questionnaire and performed interviews with 93 heads of household as the respondents, as well as field observation that produced qualitative data of environmental quality. The results of this research presented the tidal flood-affected community’s perception of environmental quality, which was determined by education, income, and length of residence in tidal flood-prone locations. Furthermore, the results of community’s perception of environmental quality analyses using measuring instruments and statistical tests, i.e., chi-square test and binary logistic regression, supported the research analysis.

scholarly journals Satisfação de puérperas acerca da assistência ao parto e nascimento

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Camila Freitas da Silva ◽  
Flávia Westphal ◽  
Ana Carolina Belmonte Assalin ◽  
Maria Izabel Mota da Silva ◽  
Rosely Erlach Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Natural Childbirth ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Objetivo: avaliar a satisfação e o bem-estar de puérperas na assistência ao parto e nascimento. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, com 78 puérperas, ao ser utilizado um questionário para a caracterização sociodemográfica e obstétrica, analisado pela estatística descritiva e testes de associações, por meio do teste Qui-quadrado, adotando-se um nível de significância de 95%. Resultados: verificou-se a média de idade de 28,4 anos, destacando-se que 98,7% das pesquisadas realizaram pré-natal, 73,1% receberam alguma orientação profissional no hospital e 93,6% tiveram a presença de um acompanhante. Registra-se, sobre a escala, que 62,8% das mulheres apresentaram ótimo bem-estar. Informa-se que os domínios III e V foram os mais bem avaliados e o domínio IV, o pior. Negou-se a relevância estatística nas correlações entre os níveis de bem-estar e os dados do parto. Conclusão: avaliou-se que as mulheres apresentaram ótimo bem-estar na parturição. Elencam-se o contato pele a pele e a presença de acompanhante como fatores importantes. Considera-se necessário incorporar a empatia e a gentileza na assistência para se reduzir os níveis de mal-estar. Descritores: Bem-Estar Materno; Satisfação do Paciente; Trabalho de Parto; Parto Normal; Enfermagem Obstétrica; Empatia.    AbstractObjective: to evaluate the satisfaction and well-being of puerperal women in childbirth and birth care. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, with 78 puerperal women, when using a questionnaire for sociodemographic and obstetric characterization, analyzed by descriptive statistics and association tests, using the Chi-square test, adopting significance level of 95%. Results: there was a mean age of 28.4 years, highlighting that 98.7% of those surveyed performed prenatal care, 73.1% received some professional guidance in the hospital and 93.6% had the presence of a companion. It is registered, on the scale, that 62.8% of women showed excellent well-being. It is reported that domains III and V were the best evaluated and domain IV, the worst. Statistical relevance in the correlations between well-being levels and delivery data was denied. Conclusion: it was evaluated that women had excellent well-being in parturition. Skin-to-skin contact and the presence of a companion are important factors. It is considered necessary to incorporate empathy and kindness in care to reduce levels of malaise. Descriptors: Maternal Welfare; Patient Satisfaction; Labor; Natural Childbirth; Obstetric Nursing; Empathy.ResumenObjetivo: evaluar la satisfacción y el bienestar de las mujeres puerperales en el cuidado del parto y nacimiento. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, con 78 mujeres puerperales, al utilizar un cuestionario para caracterización sociodemográfica y obstétrica, analizado mediante estadística descriptiva y pruebas de asociación, utilizando la prueba de Chi-cuadrado, adoptando nivel de significancia del 95%. Resultados: hubo una edad promedio de 28.4 años, destacando que el 98.7% de los encuestados realizó atención prenatal, el 73.1% recibió alguna orientación profesional en el hospital y el 93.6% tuvo la presencia de un compañero. Se registra, en la escala, que el 62.8% de las mujeres mostraron un excelente bienestar. Se informa que los dominios III y V fueron los mejor evaluados y el dominio IV, el peor. Se denegó la relevancia estadística en las correlaciones entre los niveles de bienestar y los datos del parto. Conclusión: se evaluó que las mujeres tenían un excelente bienestar en el parto. Se notó que el contacto piel con piel y la presencia de un compañero son factores importantes. Se considera necesario incorporar empatía y amabilidad en la atención para reducir los niveles de malestar. Descriptores: Bienestar Materno; Satisfacción del Paciente; Trabajo de Parto; Parto Normal; Enfermería Obstétrica; Empatía.

scholarly journals The Correlation of Work Duration and Physical Workload with the Complaints of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Informal Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Nisrina Tiara Sani ◽  
Noeroel Widajati
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Work Duration ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: The implementation of protection needs to be given attention and attempted to prevent workers from occupational diseases. One of the occupational diseases that often arises from the incompatibility of worker and their job is Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). This study analyzes the relation between workduration and physical workload with MSDs in informal workers. Methods: An observational research followed by a cross sectional approach was applied as the method of the study. The 23 respondents in the spring production unit were chosen as the sample of the study. The objects of this research were the total population. Data on the characteristics of respondents and MSDs were gained through interviews conducted by filling out standardized questionnaires.Moreover, physical workload was measured using a calorimeter measuring instrument, and MSDs data were analyzed using the NBM measuring tools. Furtermore, the statistical analysis used chi-square test. Results: It shows that there is a relation between work duration and MSDs (p = 0.029), and there is a relation between physical workload and MSDs (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The risk factors of works duration and physical workload are proven to have a relation with MSDs complaints on workers in informal sector.Keywords: informal workers, musculoskeletal disorders, physical workload, works duration

scholarly journals Practicability Assessment of Smart Village Project: A Case of Sandakpur Rural Municipality, Ilam Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 265-281
Author(s):  
Rajat Pokharel ◽  
A, K. Mishra ◽  
P. S. Aithal
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Smart Governance

Purpose: Villages are the backbone of the nation and a smart village means such a village that can provide various services needed in day-to-day life to the villagers effectively and efficiently. The overall objective of this research is to assess the practicability of the smart village in the hilly region of Nepal with the case of a Sandakpur Rural Municipality (SRM). Design/Methodology/Approach: The study covered the area within Maipokhari and Sulubung village of Sandakpur Rural Municipality. Ontology and Epistemology philosophy of research was used as positivism. This research was intended to propose the model of smart village examined through a scheduled questionnaire in village sample of SRM, literature reviews related to smart village, and smart rural. This research proposed the smart village with the characteristics as Smart Utilization of Resources, Smart Living, Smart Governance, Smart Village Services, Smart Technology, Smart Tourism, and Gender Equity and Women Equity which can comply with some of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Five points Likert scale was used on ranking smart village feature and Chi-Square test is done to determine the significance of respondent’s opinions for the variables from the collected data. After the analysis of data with the Five-Point Likert Scale, ratings on smart features were given as Fair (2.82), Fair (3.02), Fair (2.93), Fair (3.17), Fair (3.2), Good (2.42), and Poor (3.46) respectively. Findings/Result: The chi-square test showed that the majority of respondents supported the perspective toward Smart Village features as fair. Smart villages can only be possible with long-term planning, strategy and investment. With the adoption of features of the smart village, the study area can be converted into a smart village but it may take time to incorporate these features completely The Smart village model is expected to be applied to villages in other regions by adjusting the characteristics of each region as every village has their own characteristics. Originality/Value: It is action research to analyze the practicability of smart village development. It will be a method universal acceptable for assessing the feasibility of smart cities. The new concept will be fruitful for policymakers, Professionals, and nations for systematic development. Paper Type: Ex-Post Facto Research.

Hubungan Antara Menyusui Dengan Involusi Uterus Pada Ibu Nifas Fisiologis Di RSIA Aura Syifa Kabupaten Kediri

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Eny Sendra ◽  
Dewi Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fisher Test ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Moment

Breast feeding is giving milk to be drunk to the baby from the breast. Uterus involution is a process how the uterus return to the condition back, before pregnanting after bearing. At the moment of suckling, happens a stimulus and brings the hormones out, such as oksitosin uses not only to stimulate some muscles constraction but also to stimulate the uterus, so that the process of uterus involution happens foster. According to the explanations above, the research aimed to know about the correlation between breast feeding and uterus involution. This research’s design was, cross sectional by the population of all childbirth mothers approximately 50 persons / month. By using accidental sampling technique we got 21 sample respondents. The place of research in RSIA Aura Syifa in Kediri Regency on 16th until 22nd of June 2009. From this research’s result, we got 14 persons (66,67%) with normal uterus involution, suckled in a good way, one person (4,67%) with normal uterus involution, suckled in a wrong way, 2 persons (9,52%) with abnormal uterus involution, suckled in a good way and 4 persons (19,05%) with abnormal uterus involution, suckled in a wrong way. Statistic test which used chi-square test, counted the probability frequency in advance, from that we got 3 columns with the score, less than 5, so that chi-square can not be continued and by doing exact fisher test, the score was 0,001. Because P with the grade mistake 0,05 smaller, so the conclusion was “Ho” is rejected, it meant “there was correlation between suckling and uterus involution”. Key Word : Breast feeding, uterus involution

FAKTOR PERSONAL YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI PERAWAT RSUD EMBUNG FATIMAH BATAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Asfri Sri Rahmadeni
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

<p class="Normal1"><em>Commitment is the attitude or behavior of likes or dislikes shown by someone against the organization at work. Indonesia is recorded as a nurse who has a low organizational commitment (76%) so it harms services. This phenomenon in the hospital can be seen from the indicator of the high turnover rate of nurses which reaches 30.9% which exceeds the standard &lt;5%. Many factors affect organizational commitment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Personal Factors Associated with Organizational Commitment of Hospital Nurses. This study is a cross-sectional analytic study and purposive sampling technique with a sample of 59 nurses. Chi-Square test results obtained personal factors that have a relationship with organizational commitment Nurse Hospital is age with p = 0,000 and education with p = 0,000, personal factors not related to organizational commitment are gender p = 1,053 and years of service with p = 1,147. Hospitals should conduct research/surveys on Organizational Commitment periodically as an evaluation material in the context of the organization's development and development in the future</em>.</p>

GAMBARAN INDEKS LARVA AEDES AEGYPTI DI BUFFER WILAYAH KERJA BANDARA SEPINGGAN BALIKPAPAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrakhman abdurrakhman Abdurrakhman
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Larvae Density

ABSTRACT : The House index and Container Index in the buffer area of ​​the working area of ​​Balikpapan Sepinggan Airport is still above 1%, so the potential for the spread of dengue disease. Mobilization of people, goods and transportation equipment will increasingly affect the transmission of disease in ports and airports, especially for vector-borne diseases. This study aims to analyze the risk factors associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti and describe the larvae index in the buffer zone of the Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport This study was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study was 121 houses with a proportionate stratified random sampling, the research location was in the buffer zone of Sepinggan Balikpapan Airport in November 2018. The variables studied were houses with positive larvae containers, breeding sites and PSN behavior and larvasidation. The data was analyzed using the chi square test. There was a relationship between houses with larvae positive Aedes aegypti, behavior of Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN) and larvasidation with larvae density of Aedes aegypti but not for breeding sites (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.64), and   (p = 0.00 and 95% CI = 0.34). The description of several Aedes aegypti larvae index, namely House Index (HI) = 57.02%, Container Index (CI) = 24.36%, Bruteau Index (BI) = 148.76, and Flick Free Numbers (ABJ) = 42.98 %. Houses with larvae of Aedes aegypti larvae and PSN and larvasidation behavior were associated with larvae density of Aedes aegypti. The index of HI, CI and BI larvae is of high value so there is a risk of DBD transmission

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

IDENTIFIKASI SERTA HUBUNGAN KONSTRUKSI SUMUR GALI TERHADAP KANDUNGAN COLIFORM PADA AIR SUMUR GALI DI DUSUN JIKEN KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Dini Yuliansari
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Variable ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
The Relationship

The well is one of the source water used for bathing, washing, and drinking by the citizens in Jiken Hamlet, Rarang Village, Terara Sub-District. Poor dug well construction conditions can affect the amount of coliform bacteria contained in the dug well water. The purpose of this study is to identify the construction of dug wells and the content of coliform bacteria in dug well water and determine the relationship between dug well construction and the content of coliform bacteria. This research is analytic with a cross sectional study design. The results were obtained from 11 samples of dug wells which were observed in construction and the coliform content was known that all samples did not requirements as good dug well construction. Coliform content test results showed that as many as 5 dug well water samples did not pass the clean water quality standards. The results of data analysis with the chi-square test variable construction of dug wells with coliform content variable  showed 0,172 > 0,05, then the concluded is the dug well not suitable to use by people in that area as a source of water for daily needs.

Hubungan antara Luas Lesi pada Foto Toraks Penderita TB Paru Dewasa yang Memiliki Riwayat Diabetes Melitus dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Ina Edwina ◽  
Rista D Soetikno ◽  
Irma H Hikmat
Keyword(s):  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence rates are increasing rapidly, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. There is a relationship between TB and DM that are very prominent, which is the prevalence of pulmonary TB with DM increased by 20 times compared with pulmonary TB without diabetes. Chest X-ray picture of TB patients with DM is atypical lesion. However, there are contradictories of pulmonary TB lesion on chest radiograph of DM patients. Nutritional status has a close relationship with the morbidity of DM, as well as TB.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the lesions of TB on the chest radiograph of patients who su?er from DM with their Body Mass Index (BMI) in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung.Material and Methods: The study was conducted in Department of Radiology RSHS Bandung between October 2014 - February 2015. We did a consecutive sampling of chest radiograph and IMT of DM patients with clinical diagnosis of TB, then the data was analysed by Chi Square test to determine the relationship between degree of lesions on chest radiograph of pulmonary TB on patients who have DM with their BMI.Results: The results showed that adult patients with active pulmonary TB with DM mostly in the range of age 51-70 years old, equal to 62.22%, with the highest gender in men, equal to 60%. Chest radiograph of TB in patients with DM are mostly seen in people who are obese, which is 40% and the vast majority of lesions are minimal lesions that is equal to 40%.Conclusions: There is a signifcant association between pulmonary TB lesion degree with BMI, with p = 0.03

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