scholarly journals Information on the Distribution of Cadmium in Agricultural Land in the Middle of the Serayu Watershed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poniman Poniman ◽  
Anik Hidayah ◽  
Sukarjo Sukarjo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Grid Method ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Trust In Management ◽  
Poor Management

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is prohibited in food products. In the long term, consumption of food containing Cd can cause cancer (it is a direct carcinogen in humans). Poor management of the Serayu watershed has resulted in pollution of the surrounding land. Meanwhile, trust in management must be built within the framework of trade in the Industrial Era 4.0, which is developing continuously in world trade relations. This study aimed to obtain information on the distribution of Cd in agricultural soils in the middle of the Serayu watershed in March-August 2017. A total of 220 soil samples were taken using the GRID method, and the analysis of Cd concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrofotometry (AAS). The results showed that Cd was detected in 142 soil samples in the range of 1.0-<1.5 mg kg−1 and detected in the range of 0.5-<1.0 mg kg−1 in 78 soil samples. The results were non-normally distributed with a clustered distribution pattern. The average value of the distribution of Cd in agricultural land in the middle of Serayu watershed was 1.21 mg kg−1, and the highest Cd concentration was 2.18 mg kg−1. The Cd concentration in the middle of the Serayu watershed is classified within the safe category because the concentration is still below the critical Cd threshold value of 3-8 mg kg−1. Keywords: agricultural land, cadmium, distribution, the middle of Serayu watershed

scholarly journals Influence of long-term mineral fertilization on metal contents and properties of soil samples taken from different locations in Hesse, Germany

SOIL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Czarnecki ◽  
R.-A. Düring
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Metal Contents

Abstract. Essential and non-essential metals occur in soils as a result of weathering, industrial processes, fertilization, and atmospheric deposition. Badly adapted cultivation of agricultural soils (declining pH value, application of unsuitable fertilizers) can enhance the mobility of metals and thereby increase their concentrations in agricultural products. As the enrichment of metals in soils occurs over long time periods, monitoring of the long-term impact of fertilization is necessary to assess metal accumulation in agricultural soils. The main objective of this study was to test the effects of different mineral fertilizer variations on soil properties (pH, Corg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC)) and pseudo-total and mobile metal contents of soils after 14 years of fertilizer application and to determine residual effects of the fertilization 8 years after cessation of fertilizer treatment. Soil samples were taken from a field experiment which was carried out at four different locations (210, 260, 360, and 620 m above sea level) in Hesse, Germany. During the study, a significant decrease in soil pH and an evident increase in soil carbon content and cation exchange capacity with fertilization were determined. The CEC of the soils was closely related to their organic C contents. Moreover, pseudo- and mobile metal (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) contents in the soils increased due to application of 14 years of mineral fertilizer treatments (N, P, NP, and NPK) when compared to control plots. Eight years after termination of the fertilization in the soil samples taken from soil profiles of the fertilized plots (NPK) for monitoring the residual effects of the fertilizer application, a decrease of 82.6, 54.2, 48.5, 74.4, and 56.9% in pseudo-total Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn contents, respectively, was determined.

Soil Material Quality and Environmental Potential of Metallically Contaminated Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 838 ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Juraj Fazekaš ◽  
Danica Fazekašova ◽  
Jana Chovancová
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Risk Elements ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Environmental Functions

The paper presents the results of the evaluation of the environmental potential of soils in the area affected by the long-term mining activity. The environmental potential index consists of a numerical expression of the ability to provide water storage, immobilization of risk elements, and immobilization and transformation of organic pollutants. The exceedance of the limit values Hg, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb was found in the soils of the investigated area of central Spiš. The rate of soil immobilization of risk elements is very low to high. The point value expressing the ability of agricultural lands to provide environmental functions is very low to medium in the studied areas, the financial expression of the values of the environmental potentials indexes is in the range of 7 100 to 14 000 € ha-1, while the average value of 1 ha of agricultural land in Slovakia is about 14 200 €.

scholarly journals Long-Term Monitoring of Atrazine Contamination in Soil by ELISA

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Kramer ◽  
Johann Lepschy ◽  
Bertold Hock
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sample Throughput ◽  
Atrazine Contamination ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Hplc Data

Abstract An enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used for screening atrazine residues in soil. Samples were annually collected in Southern Germany between 1993 and 1998. An average of 419.5 samples was analyzed per year amounting to 2517 samples. The fraction of positive samples defined by atrazine concentrations &gt;100 μg/kg soil decreased successively from 8% (corresponding to 33 samples) in 1993 to 0.6% (corresponding to 2 samples) in 1998. All positive samples and a selection of negative samples were subsequently validated by HPLC. Comparison of ELISA and HPLC data yielded correlation coefficient values of r= 0.958–0.981 (n= 18–47), except for 1995 when only a correlation of r= 0.864 (n= 18) was obtained. Four samples were overestimated and another 4 were underestimated with respect to the atrazine threshold value of 100 μg/kg soil as revealed by HPLC validation. Thus, 99.68% of 2517 analyzed samples were correctly evaluated. The precision and reproducibility of the ELISA were adequate for a prescreening tool. The low cost per sample and the high sample throughput are not yet achievable by conventional analytical methods. The described combination of ELISA and HPLC has the potential to take advantage of both methods and to restrict determination errors to a minimum.

scholarly journals Measurement Radon Gas Concentration in Selected Soil Samples of The of Al-Nada District in Najaf

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Shahad Fadel Kadim ◽  
Heiyam Najy Hady
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Track Detector ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Nuclear Track Detector ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Long Term Measurement ◽  
Reporting Data

In this study fifty (50) of soil samples of AL-Nada district-Najaf Governorate –Iraq have been collected randomly and studied using  solid state nuclear track detectors (CR-39) to determined 226Ra through counting the number of radon tracks by using CR-39 plastic nuclear track detector ,a long- term measurement technique has been considered using special tube of mean (2.5cm) diameter .The detector was placed at (5cm) height and irradiated for 90 days. The chemical etching performed by using (NaOH) solution of 6.25 normality at etching temperature (70C°)for etching period of (7 hrs  ).Concentration of radon 222Rn has ranged from (171.237±0.0062) Bq/m3 to (31.982±0.0027) Bq/m3with  average value  (99.222±0.2476) Bq/m3 while the specific activityof radon has been ranged from (0.471±1.794) Bq/kg to (0.090±7.682) Bq/kg with average value (0.277 1.320)Bq/kgThe results were found to be comparable or lower than similar global reporting data. Accordingly, this area of soil can be considered to have normal levels of natural background radiation.                           

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of the Long-Term Fallowed Land on Agricultural Soils and the Possibility of Their Return to Agriculture

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kozak ◽  
Rafał Pudełko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
Large Acreage ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural land abandonment is a process observed in most European countries. In Poland and other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, it was initiated with the political transformation of the 1990s. Currently, in Poland, it concerns over 2 million ha of arable land. Such a large acreage constitutes a resource of land that can be directly restored to agricultural production or perform environmental functions. A new concept for management of fallow/abandoned areas is to start producing biomass for the bioeconomy purposes. Production of perennial crops, especially on poorer soils, requires an appropriate assessment of soil conditions. Therefore, it has become crucial to answer the question: What is the real impact of the fallowing process on soil, and is it possible to return it to production at all? For this purpose, on the selected fallowed land that met the marginality criteria defined under the project, physicochemical tests of soil properties were carried out, and subsequently, the results were compared with those of the neighboring agricultural land and with the soil valuation of the fallow land, which was conducted during its past agricultural use. The work was mainly aimed at analyzing the impact of long-term fallowing on soil pH, carbon sequestration and nutrient content, e.g., phosphorus and potassium. The result of the work is a positive assessment of the possibility of restoring fallowed land for agricultural production, including the production of biomass for non-agricultural purposes. Among the studied types of fallow plots, the fields where goldenrod (Solidago L.—invasive species) appeared were indicated as the areas most affected by soil degradation.

scholarly journals Content of fluorine in soils in the vicinity of aluminium plant in Podgorica

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Srdjan Blagojevic ◽  
Miodrag Jakovljevic ◽  
Mirjana Radulovic
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potentiometric Method ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Insoluble Compounds ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Aluminium Plant

The purpose of this paper was to determine whether soils, located in the vicinity of the aluminium plant in Podgorica, are polluted with fluorine. For this purpose 60 soil samples (26 of brown and 34 of alluvial soil) were collected from two depths (0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm). Total and available fluorine were determined by potentiometric method, after necessary preparations of soil samples for the analysis. It was found that in almost all soil samples the content of total fluorine was above 300 mg/kg - maximum permissible value for the content of this element in agricultural soils. Highest values were found on locations southwards of the aluminium plant. However, the content of available fluorine (soluble in water) in the soil samples is very low (average value is 0.70 mg/kg) indicating that major part of deposited fluorine had transformed itself into insoluble compounds like CaF2.

Nitrate leaching to groundwater

1982 ◽  
Vol 296 (1082) ◽  
pp. 477-489 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Supply Industry ◽  
Land Use Practices

Groundwater provides over 30% of developed supplies of potable water in Britain. The outcrops of the important aquifers form extensive tracts of agricultural land. Groundwater resources largely originate as rainfall that infiltrates this land. During the 1970s, growing concern about rising, or elevated, groundwater nitrate concentrations, in relation to current drinking water standards, stimulated a major national research effort on the extent of diffuse pollution resulting from agricultural land-use practices. The results presented derive from intensive and continuing studies of a number of small groundwater catchments in eastern England. It is in this predominantly arable region that the groundwater nitrate problem is most widespread and severe. The distribution of nitrate in the unsaturated and saturated zones of the aquifers concerned is summarized. These data have important implications for the water-supply industry, but their interpretation is discussed primarily in relation to what can be deduced about both the recent and long-term histories of leaching from the more permeable agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Monitoring of DDT in Agricultural Soils under Organic Farming in Poland and the Risk of Crop Contamination

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-929
Author(s):  
Eligio Malusá ◽  
Małgorzata Tartanus ◽  
Witold Danelski ◽  
Artur Miszczak ◽  
Ewelina Szustakowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Contamination Of Soils

Abstract The analysis of 142 agricultural soil samples collected in organic farms across Poland with the intent to evaluate the level of DDT contamination resulted in more than 80% of the soils containing DDT. The ΣDDT (sum of all metabolites and isomers) concentration ranged between 0.005 and 0.383 mg/kg ΣDDT, with an average value of 0.064 mg/kg ΣDDT. However, the majority of plant samples collected from the crops growing on the sampled soils did not contain detectable DDT residues. The high DDT pollution levels detected in samples from four voivodeships (regions) among those monitored have been hypothesised to be linked to horticultural productions occurring to the sampled fields and typical of those regions, particularly in big-sized farms, during the period of DDT application, as well as the number of pesticides landfills present in these voivodeships. The elaboration of the o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT and DDT/(DDE + DDD) ratios to appraise the source or the period of contamination suggested that the contamination originated from past use of DDT rather than from impurities of more recent applications of other formulated substances. Such outcome thus suggests that the risk of contamination of organic products is likely derived from general environmental pollution levels rather than from the use of unauthorised substances in organic farming productions. Data from a trial with artificial contamination of soils indicated that using the DDT/(DDE + DDD) ratio in the presence of a low level of contamination could be less reliable than in highly contaminated soils.

Effects of composted feedlot manure on the chemical characteristics of duplex soils in north-eastern Victoria

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Slattery ◽  
B. Christy ◽  
B. M. Carmody ◽  
B. Gales
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
North Eastern

The beef feedlot industry in Australia produces a large amount of solid organic by-product each year that is currently applied to agricultural land as a fertiliser supplement. Manure is known to be a valuable source of organic matter and some plant nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition, manure contains excessive quantities of cations such as sodium (Na) and potassium (K), which may result in long-term sustainability problems for the soil, particularly when large amounts are applied over short time periods. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of composted beef feedlot manure when applied to agricultural soils. Two sites were selected, one a brown Dermosol and the other a red Kurosol, both in north-eastern Victoria near the Rutherglen Research Institute. Both sites received rates of manure up to 109 t/ha in 1996. In 1997 soil samples were collected and compared with untreated control soils. The Dermosol site was sown to an oat and clover mixture in 1996 and 1997 and the red Kurosol was sown to lupin in 1996 and wheat in 1997. The application of composted bovine manure resulted in a 1% increase in soil organic carbon, an increase in soil pH by 1.5 units, increased levels of magnesium, calcium, nitrogen and K in the surface 10 cm soil layer at both sites and an increase in extractable phosphorus levels in the subsoil. There was no detectable increase in surface Na, although there was a small but significant decrease in Na in the 40–80 cm soil layer. It is suggested that soluble organic compounds, migrating down through the soil profile are able to complex with Na and effectively remove some of this cation from the exchange sites of the clay surfaces. In addition, the high porosity of these soils coupled with the high degree of Na mobility ensures that most of this cation is transported deeper into the soil profile. The beneficial effects of applying composted manure are promising as a means of reducing sodicity although these results will require further validation. In addition, the long-term effects of saturating subsurface soil with Na are also a cause for concern and need to be further investigated.

scholarly journals The impact of revitalization treatments on biological activity of soil under afforestation on post-agricultural land

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
Anna Augustyniuk-Kram ◽  
Karol J. Kram
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
The Impact

In Poland, afforestation is usually carried out on the weakest soils, excluded from agricultural use and wasteland, i.e. post-agricultural land. A characteristic feature of such habitat is poor-quality soil, relatively high content of nutrients for trees, particularly nitrogen, as well as a low level of humus. This is important for the quality of microbiological processes occurring in post-agricultural soils. Restitution of the forest in such a habitat requires the use of various revitalisation treatments for improving soil quality and increasing biological activity and soil fertility. This article presents the results of a long-term experiment on the effectiveness of various revitalisation treatments (zoo- and phytomelioration) on afforested post-agricultural lands after more than 30 years from their application in pine forests in north-western Poland. These treatments consisted of introducing additional organic matter into the soil in the form of bark and sawdust, sowing lupine and introducing soil fauna. The comparative area for afforestation on post-agricultural soils in the presented experiment was the area of forest soils, located in the same habitat, in a pine stand, at the same time. Biological activity of soil was measured with the activity of soil enzymes dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase, the biomass of microorganisms was measured and the content of total dissolved carbon and nitrogen was also determined. 

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