scholarly journals COMMUNITY TOURISM AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN KASHMIR

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Suheel Rasool Mir
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Local Population ◽  
National Development ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Community Tourism ◽  
Local Traditions

Tourism is one of the world's fastest-growing industries, and for many countries, especially those in the developing world, it holds promising economic backing. Not only does tourism create job opportunities and possibilities for economic development, but it can also do so in regions having few other economic resources.. For these reasons, many countries, mainly in the developing world, have been proactive to build up tourism industries as part of national development strategies. Although Kashmir is acknowledged as the heaven on earth because of its abundant charming spots and attractions despite that Jammu and Kashmir is an industrially backward state without a strong industrial stand. Community Based Tourism (CBT), a future prospect, is a sort of sustainable tourism that encourages pro-poor strategies at community level and helps to eliminate poverty in rural areas of Kashmir. CBT initiatives intend to involve local population in the management and supervision of micro tourism projects as a means of alleviating poverty and providing a substitute income source for community members. CBT initiatives also encourage respect for local traditions, culture and natural heritage. Tourism offers many advantages to rural communities. Community Tourism has potential and can be used as a strategy for Rural Development. The present study will help to find out the importance of community tourism and rural development in the Valley of Kashmir. Finally some suggestions will be given so as to enhance community tourism development in Kashmir Valley.

scholarly journals Modeling optimal price policy of pharmaceutical companies for sales maximization based on Data Science technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
O. Chernyak ◽  
J. Sztrik ◽  
Y. Fareniuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
National Development ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Price Policy

Social capital has become an important aspect of most rural communities in developing nations. But, the dimensions of social capital vary across rural regions while little is known about the factors influencing it in rural areas. This study aimed to identify the prevalent social capital dimensions in rural areas and examine the factors determining rural people involved in those dimensions. A field survey which consists of structured and self-administered questionnaire was carried out with rural households. The information of the survey was obtained from 220 rural households in the study area between August and October, 2019. The descriptive analysis identified social networks (3.875), norms (societal values) (3.390), trust and solidarity (4.115), and cooperation and group action (4.139) as the prevailing social capital dimensions in the rural communities. The results further suggest that cooperation, trust and solidarity, and networks are respectively the dominating social capital dimensions in the rural areas. The results from probit model estimates show that the factors that are more likely to be associated with social capital in rural areas include education, access to credit and ownership of farm (cash crop). Since social capital is becoming a prerequisite for rural development, our findings lead to the suggestion that cooperation, build-up of networks should be facilitated for people in the rural areas. Furthermore, policy direction towards access to education, credit provision and development of primary occupation in the rural areas should also be enhanced. Economic policy makers and rural development agencies are invited to continuously work on the identified factors to promote the individual, community and national development on equitable basis.

scholarly journals Factors influencing social capital in rural communities in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
N. A. Sofoluwe ◽  
L. O. Oyelami ◽  
O. Adisa
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
National Development ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Factors Influencing

Social capital has become an important aspect of most rural communities in developing nations. But, the dimensions of social capital vary across rural regions while little is known about the factors influencing it in rural areas. This study aimed to identify the prevalent social capital dimensions in rural areas and examine the factors determining rural people involved in those dimensions. A field survey which consists of structured and self-administered questionnaire was carried out with rural households. The information of the survey was obtained from 220 rural households in the study area between August and October, 2019. The descriptive analysis identified social networks (3.875), norms (societal values) (3.390), trust and solidarity (4.115), and cooperation and group action (4.139) as the prevailing social capital dimensions in the rural communities. The results further suggest that cooperation, trust and solidarity, and networks are respectively the dominating social capital dimensions in the rural areas. The results from probit model estimates show that the factors that are more likely to be associated with social capital in rural areas include education, access to credit and ownership of farm (cash crop). Since social capital is becoming a prerequisite for rural development, our findings lead to the suggestion that cooperation, build-up of networks should be facilitated for people in the rural areas. Furthermore, policy direction towards access to education, credit provision and development of primary occupation in the rural areas should also be enhanced. Economic policy makers and rural development agencies are invited to continuously work on the identified factors to promote the individual, community and national development on equitable basis.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship in the rural areas of Romania. The impact of the 2007-2013 EU funding programmes

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1129-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela-Cornelia Dan ◽  
Claudia Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Business Models ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Public Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper contributes to the research on entrepreneurship in rural areas by focusing on the absorption and investment plans developed with European Funds and implemented in Romania in 2007-2013 for rural development. Entrepreneurship in the European Union is seen as the solution for creating and increasing jobs number, developing new business models, and is related very often with creativity and innovation. Moreover, entrepreneurship is directly linked to the economic performance of regions (Audretsch, D.B., Keilbach, M., 2005), poverty reduction and contributes to the economic advancement of rural communities. The focus on rural areas is given by the fact that almost half of the Romanian population lives in villages or communes (around 45%), and the main income source comes from agriculture. In the same time, there is an important potential for entrepreneurial projects because rural areas are high underdeveloped, there is a lack of services in major fields as education, social services, entertainment etc. Also, we find a high potential in tourism, especially in ecological, adventure or agro-tourism. We develop a theoretical framework to discuss the potential impact of EU Funds on rural development, the access to public funds for rural population, their readiness for business ownership, the most accessible fields for starting a business and regional variables. Our study is based on public data and official reports on the European Funds received by Romania in the budgetary period of 2007-2013 and other market data that round the entrepreneurship frame in rural areas. We analyze the number of start-ups financed by European funds, type and size of enterprises, number of jobs and reasons for contract cancellation. We find that regions with a reach cultural heritage and closer to the Western border have registered more applications and are more interested in self-employment, but also that given the administrative barriers many entrepreneurs decided to cancel the contracts.

Asistensi Pendirian Badan Usaha Milik Desa Cibogo, Kecamatan Cisauk, Kabupaten Tangerang

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Taufik Raharjo ◽  
Ambang Aries Yudanto ◽  
I Gede Agus Ariutama
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
National Development ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Outer Ring ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
The Village

As the Indonesian government has been committed, that the national development should be puting more focus from the outer-ring or rural areas. One of the instrument to boost the rural development is Village Fund. This decentralization transfer purposively targets to improve the village society’s welfare and alleviate social gap existed among societies. Village-owned enterprise (Badan Usaha Milik Desa or BUMDes) is provided as one of the strategic mechanism to create the welfare by proactively engage the community itsefl. In fact, BUMDes may incorporate Village Fund as capital alternative to support their establishment. This paper highlights the crucial factors in order to establish a village-owned enterprise (BUMDes) in case of Cibogo Village, Cisauk Sub-regency, Tangerang Regency. The study deploys a qualitative approach. To collect the data, we are scouting, interviewing and establishing Focused-Group Discussion that involving the possible parties which may contributes in creating BUMDes. The result has not yet concluded as the process of the research still going on. We predicts that the communities engagement, empowerment and also government support should be taken into account in the early process of establishing BUMDes. Eventually, proactive society’s control and participatory would be decent factors to support the operations of BUMDes itself.

scholarly journals China: A New Trajectory Prioritizing Rural Rather Than Urban Development?

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Hongzhang Xu ◽  
Jamie Pittock ◽  
Katherine A. Daniell
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
National Development ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Global Concern

The adverse effects of rapid urbanization are of global concern. Careful planning for and accommodation of accelerating urbanization and citizenization (i.e., migrants gaining official urban residency) may be the best approach to limit some of the worst impacts. However, we find that another trajectory may be possible: one linked to the rural development plan adopted in the latest Chinese national development strategy. This plan aims to build rural areas as attractive areas for settlement by 2050 rather than to further urbanize with more people in cities. We assess the political motivations and challenges behind this choice to develop rural areas based on a literature review and empirical case analysis. After assessing the rural and urban policy subsystem, we find five socio-political drivers behind China’s rural development strategy, namely ensuring food security, promoting culture and heritage, addressing overcapacity, emphasizing environmental protection and eradicating poverty. To develop rural areas, China needs to effectively resolve three dilemmas: (1) implementing decentralized policies under central supervision; (2) deploying limited resources efficiently to achieve targets; and (3) addressing competing narratives in current policies. Involving more rural community voices, adopting multiple forms of local governance, and identifying and mitigating negative project impacts can be the starting points to manage these dilemmas.

scholarly journals EU Rural Policy’s Capacity to Facilitate a Just Sustainability Transition of the Rural Areas

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5050
Author(s):  
Barbara Wieliczko ◽  
Agnieszka Kurdyś-Kujawska ◽  
Zbigniew Floriańczyk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Sustainability Transition ◽  
Development Capacity ◽  
Just Sustainability ◽  
The Eu

The sustainability transition of rural areas is a must due to rapid climate changes and biodiversity loss. Given the limited resources of rural communities, policy should facilitate a just sustainability transition of the EU rural areas. The analysis of EU development policies, past performance and the envisaged scope of reform, presented in this study point to a serious inconsistency between the declaration and implementation of relevant policies. Namely, the marginal role rural areas perform in common agricultural policy and cohesion policy; a result of the lack of a complex approach to rural development. The analysis was based on the concept of good governance and took a multi-level perspective. It advocates territorial justice as an approach that should be at the core of creating a comprehensive policy for rural areas in the EU, including their diversity and empowering local communities to choose the transition pathway that is most in line with their current situation and development capacity. This analysis fills a gap in research on the evolution of the rural development policy in the EU. This research can inform the reprioritization and intensification of efforts to create equitable policies for EU rural development.

Requirements Engineering in the ICT4D Domain

2012 ◽  
pp. 187-200
Author(s):  
Kristina Pitula ◽  
Daniel Sinnig ◽  
Thiruvengadam Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Requirements Engineering ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The People ◽  
Information And Communication

Requirements engineering is an important stage in any software development. It is more so in the case of software development for social development projects in rural areas of the developing countries. ICT4D which stands for “Information and Communication Technologies for Development” is gaining more and more attention as computing is more widely affordable. This article is concerned with requirements engineering in the ICT4D domain. In many developing counties, a significant effort is being put into providing people in rural areas with access to digital content and services by using Information and Communication Technologies. Unfortunately most ICT4D projects pursue a top-down development model which is driven by the technology available and not by the very needs and social problems of the people living in rural communities (Frohlich et al., 2009). Existing technologies are often applied in a non-inclusive manner with respect to the local population, without sufficient adaptation or re-invention, and often without regard for user’s needs and their social contexts.

Airbnb Contribution to Rural Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Abbas Strømmen-Bakhtiar ◽  
Evgueni Vinogradov ◽  
Marit Kristin Kvarum ◽  
Kristian Rydland Antonsen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Urban Bias ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The One

The technological developments described in terms of industrial revolutions or disruptive innovations have been shaping economic and social life in rural areas. The global trend towards urbanization presents a major challenge to rural communities. The aim of this article is to study how the peer-to-peer economy influences rural municipalities. On the one hand, in the literature, it is argued that sharing economy may improve accessibility, encourage mobility, attract investments and reduce urban bias. On the other hand, both academics and practitioners are aware of the disruptive effects of sharing economy on e.g., local real estate and labor markets. This qualitative study is based on empirical data from a municipality on the Lofoten Islands of Norway. The results demonstrate that Airbnb has some positive and some negative effects on rural development, but the magnitudes of these effects are modest. Of positive effects, the authors can mention increased local tourism, stimulation of conservation/restoration of traditional houses, and increased recreational mobility for rural residents.

scholarly journals Rural Accessibility, Rural Development, and Natural Disasters in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Ahmed ◽  
Elizabeth Eklund
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Social And Economic Development

Rural accessibility means more than just reliable roads and cost-effective transportation networks. Rural accessibility is critical for achieving social and economic development in low-income developing countries such as Bangladesh where both rural and urban development are constrained by significant infrastructural deficiencies. It is also an important factor that determines the effects of natural disasters on these resource-constrained societies, since both disaster responses and sustainable development are compromised by poor rural accessibility. Using two contrasting case studies from Bangladesh, this article reveals the significance of improved rural accessibility on rural development and the effects of natural disasters on rural areas. The findings of this article suggest that the improvement of rural accessibility should be a top national development priority, since it increases the opportunities for sustainable social and economic development and reduces the adverse effects of natural disasters on the rural areas in developing countries such as Bangladesh.

Profile and Process: Subsistence Hunters in a Zambian Community

Africa ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Local Traditions

Opening ParagraphMost descriptions of social life in rural communities in Central Africa contain some references to hunters or hunting practices. Despite the decimation of some wildlife species by rinderpest at the turn of the last century, wildlife continued plentiful in many regions and hunting and trapping were part of the subsistence routines of males in rural areas during the first three decades of this century. During this period in Zambia, European administrators (Gouldsbury and Sheane 1911; Melland 1923; Hughes 1933), missionaries (Smith and Dale 1920), and itinerants (Lyell 1910; Letcher 1911) often interspersed their exploitative accounts of ‘sport hunting’ with descriptions of chants, rituals, magic and other hunting lore of their African associates. These accounts of local traditions, often colored with the latent assumptions of the time, apparently intrigued and fascinated their European readership then mentally riding the crest of colonial expansion and technological superiority. In subsequent decades, large wild mammals declined in numbers and in importance as a subsistence base in most rural areas. Yet information on hunting customs, gleaned incidentally in the pursuit of the researchers' major interests, has been a continuous feature of ethnographies written subsequently by social scientists (Richards 1939; White 1956; Turner 1957; Scudder 1962; Stefaniszyn 1964; Reynolds 1968) suggesting a widespread enthusiasm for hunting even where wildlife is no longer of consequence. These fortuitous bits of information on the subsistence hunter's world still leave many unresolved questions as to the function and frequency of these customs, the numbers and types of hunters in each community, and the nature of subsequent changes.

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