NITROGEN SIDEDRESS ON SILAGE MAIZE INTERCROPPED WITH MARANDU GRASS

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
SIMÉRIO CARLOS SILVA CRUZ ◽  
GUILHERME FILGUEIRAS SOARES ◽  
TIAGO CAMILO DUARTE ◽  
DARLY GERALDO DE SENA JUNIOR ◽  
CARLA GOMES MACHADO

ABSTRACT - The method used for the establishment of an intercropping system may interfere in the optimal timingof nitrogen sidedress fertilization on maize for silage. Due to this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects ofnitrogen sidedress timing on the development and yield of silage maize and Marandu grass grown under irrigation inan intercropping. A split plot randomized blocks design with four replications was used. The plots corresponded to thenitrogen sidedress timing on silage maize (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, corresponding to the phenologicalstages V3, V5, V7 and R1, respectively). The subplots consisted of two consortium establishment methods, MaranduGrass simultaneously sowed with the maize crop and 30 days after. The simultaneous sowing of silage maize andMarandu grass intercropped, and irrigated favors the grass development and dry mass yield, reducing the yield ofmaize ear green mass and maize total dry mass. The nitrogen fertilization after corn sowing reduced maize silage yieldand favored the forage production of the intercropped Marandu grass.Keywords: Zea mays; Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu; interspecific competition; integration crop-livestock.ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA DE COBERTURA PARA O MILHO SILAGEM CULTIVADO EM CONSÓRCIO COM CAPIM MARANDURESUMO - O método de introdução da forrageira no sistema de consórcio pode interferir no momento ideal para arealização da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura na cultura do milho silagem. Em função disto, objetivou-se avaliaros efeitos de diferentes épocas de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no desenvolvimento e produtividade da culturado milho silagem e do Capim Marandu, cultivados em consórcio sob irrigação. Utilizou-se delineamento experimentalde blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas corresponderam à época de adubaçãonitrogenada em cobertura no milho silagem (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após semeadura do milho, equivalendo à semeadura,V3, V5, V7 e R1, respectivamente). Nas subparcela, foram testados dois métodos de implantação do consórcio: CapimMarandu semeado simultaneamente à cultura do milho e 30 dias após. A semeadura simultânea do milho silagem edo Capim Marandu, em sistema de consórcio, favoreceu o desenvolvimento e a produção de massa seca do capim,reduzindo a produtividade de massa verde de espigas de milho e massa seca total de plantas. A adubação nitrogenadade cobertura realizada após a semeadura prejudicou a produção de milho silagem e beneficiou o desenvolvimento docapim Marandu cultivado em consórcio.Palavras-chave: Zea mays; Urochloa brizantha cv. Maradu; competição interespecífica; integração lavoura-pecuária.

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
SIMÉRIO CARLOS SILVA CRUZ ◽  
GUILHERME FILGUEIRAS SOARES ◽  
TIAGO CAMILO DUARTE ◽  
DARLY GERALDO DE SENA JUNIOR ◽  
CARLA GOMES MACHADO

ABSTRACT - The method used for the establishment of an intercropping system may interfere in the optimal timing of nitrogen sidedress fertilization on maize for silage. Due to this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen sidedress timing on the development and yield of silage maize and Marandu grass grown under irrigation in an intercropping. A split plot randomized blocks design with four replications was used. The plots corresponded to the nitrogen sidedress timing on silage maize (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, corresponding to the phenological stages V3, V5, V7 and R1, respectively). The subplots consisted of two consortium establishment methods, Marandu Grass simultaneously sowed with the maize crop and 30 days after. The simultaneous sowing of silage maize and Marandu grass intercropped, and irrigated favors the grass development and dry mass yield, reducing the yield of maize ear green mass and maize total dry mass. The nitrogen fertilization after corn sowing reduced maize silage yield and favored the forage production of the intercropped Marandu grass.Keywords: Zea mays; Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu; interspecific competition; integration crop-livestock.ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA DE COBERTURA PARA O MILHO SILAGEM CULTIVADO EM CONSÓRCIO COM CAPIM MARANDURESUMO - O método de introdução da forrageira no sistema de consórcio pode interferir no momento ideal para a realização da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura na cultura do milho silagem. Em função disto, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes épocas de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no desenvolvimento e produtividade da cultura do milho silagem e do Capim Marandu, cultivados em consórcio sob irrigação. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas corresponderam à época de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no milho silagem (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após semeadura do milho, equivalendo à semeadura, V3, V5, V7 e R1, respectivamente). Nas subparcela, foram testados dois métodos de implantação do consórcio: Capim Marandu semeado simultaneamente à cultura do milho e 30 dias após. A semeadura simultânea do milho silagem e do Capim Marandu, em sistema de consórcio, favoreceu o desenvolvimento e a produção de massa seca do capim, reduzindo a produtividade de massa verde de espigas de milho e massa seca total de plantas. A adubação nitrogenada de cobertura realizada após a semeadura prejudicou a produção de milho silagem e beneficiou o desenvolvimento do capim Marandu cultivado em consórcio.Palavras-chave: Zea mays; Urochloa brizantha cv. Maradu; competição interespecífica; integração lavoura-pecuária.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
João Paulo Kruger Reznick ◽  
Volnei Pauletti ◽  
Daniel Malheiro Nascimento ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Cremonesi

<br /><table class="data" width="100%"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td class="value">The aim of this work was to evaluate the development of corn genotypes under the effect of inoculation with <em>Azospirillum brasilense</em> in association with nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial design (5x2x2) with three replications. Five corn hybrids were used, combined with two doses of nitrogen (N) (without N and with 100 kg ha<span>-1</span> N) and with two inoculation levels of <em>A.brasilense</em> (without and with inoculation). Plant stature and stem diameter at stadiums V8 and R1, leaf chlorophyll content at stadium R1 and dry mass at stadium R2 were evaluated. It was observed that when there was variation in the evaluated parameters, this was due to the different genetic materials and mainly due to the application of N. Inoculation with <em>A.brasilense</em> was not effective in altering the corn development.</td></tr></tbody></table>


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
GESSI CECCON ◽  
JUSLEI FIGUEIREDO DA SILVA ◽  
PRISCILA AKEMI MAKINO ◽  
ANTÔNIO LUIZ NETO

RESUMO - O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade de grãos e de massa de milho, solteiro e consorciado com populações de plantas de duas espécies de Brachiaria para formação de palha ou pasto. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas principais foram constituídas pelas espécies de Brachiaria (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e Brachiaria ruziziensis) e as subparcelas, pelas populações de Brachiaria (0, 5, 10, 20 e 40 plantas m-²), em linhas espaçadas de 0,45 m. Os tratamentos consorciados apresentam maior acúmulo de massa seca total do que o milho em cultivo solteiro. O máximo rendimento total de massa seca foi observado entre 10 e 12 plantas m-2 de B. ruziziensis, mas com maiores populações de plantas de B. brizantha. A produtividade de grãos teve redução linear de 13,39 kg ha-1 por planta m-2 de B. brizantha e redução quadrática média de 42,04 kg ha-1 por planta m-2 de B. ruziziensis.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, Urochloa, cultivo consorciado, plantio direto.INTERCROPING MAIZE-BRACHIARIA WITH FORAGE  PLANT POPULATION IN THE MID-SOUTH OF BRAZILABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to evaluate the grain and dry matter yield of maize, sole and intercropped with four plant populations of two Brachiaria species. We used the experimental design of randomized blocks, with split plots and four replications. The main plots consisted of the Brachiaria species [Brachiaria (sin. Urochloa) brizantha cv. Marandu and Brachiaria ruziziensis] and subplots consisted of the Brachiaria populations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 plants m-²), in same lines spaced 0.45 m. The intercrop treatments have higher total dry matter accumulation than maize monocrop. The maximum total yield dry mass was observed between 10 and 12 plants m-2 B. ruziziensis, but with a large population of plants B. brizantha. The grain yield had linear reduction of 13.39 kg ha-1 per plant m-2 B. brizantha and average quadratic reduction of 42.04 kg ha-1 per plant m-2 of B. ruziziensis.Keywords: Zea mays, Urochloa, intercrop, cropping systems, no tillage.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
LUIS SANGOI ◽  
FERNANDO PANISON ◽  
MURILO MIGUEL DURLI ◽  
LUCIELI SANTINI LEOLATO ◽  
ANTONIO EDUARDO COELHO ◽  
...  

RESUMO – O fracionamento da adubação nitrogenada é uma estratégia que pode aumentar o acúmulo de massa nosgrãos do milho. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do parcelamento da cobertura nitrogenada sobre o acúmulode fitomassa nas folhas, colmos e grãos após o espigamento do milho. O experimento foi implantado em Lages-SC.Foram testados dois híbridos (P30F53YH e P1680YH) e seis sistemas de aplicação do nitrogênio: testemunha semN, todo N aplicado em V5, V10 ou VT (pendoamento), ½ N em V5 + ½ N em V10, 1/3 N em V5 + 1/3 N em V10 +1/3 N em VT. A dose de N foi de 300 kg ha-1. Avaliou-se o acúmulo de fitomassa aos 0, 14, 28, 42, 56 e 70 dias apóso espigamento. A massa seca dos grãos dos dois híbridos aumentou linearmente em todos os sistemas testados. Asmaiores taxas de incremento (2,4 a 2,7 g dia-1) foram obtidas com a aplicação integral de N em V5 e as menores (1,5a 1,6 g dia-1) na testemunha. O fracionamento da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura em três estádios fenológicos nãoaumentou a massa dos grãos, em relação à fertilização feita integralmente em V5 ou V10.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, enchimento de grãos, cultivares, fenologia, nitrogênio. MAIZE DRY MASS ACCUMULATION AFTER SILKING AS AFFECTEDBY THE SPLITTING OF NITROGEN SIDE-DRESS FERTILIZATIONABSTRAT- The splitting of nitrogen fertilization is a strategy that can increase kernel dry mass accumulation of maize.This work was carried out aiming to evaluate the effects of splitting nitrogen side-dress fertilization on leaf, stem andgrain dry mass accumulation after maize silking. The experiment was set in Lages, SC, South of Brazil. Two hybrids(P30F53YH and P1680YH) and six nitrogen fertilization systems were tested: control without N, all N side-dressed atV5, V10 or VT (tasseling), ½ N at V5 + ½ N at V10, 1/3 N at V5 + 1/3 N at V10 + 1/3 N at VT. Nitrogen rate was 300kg ha-1. Dry mass accumulation was determined at 0, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 days after silking. The kernel dry mass ofboth hybrids increased linearly at all six N fertilization systems. The highest increment rates (2.4 to 2.7 g day-1) wereachieved when all N was side-dressed at V5. The lowest rates (1.5 to 1.6 g day-1) were registered in the control. Thesplitting of nitrogen side-dress fertilization in three growth stages did not increase kernel dry mass, when compared tothe fertilization carried out entirely at V5 or V10.Keywords: Zea mays, grain filling, hybrids, phenology, nitrogen.


2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana de Souza Pereira ◽  
Anderson Barbosa Cavalcante ◽  
Welson Lima Simões ◽  
Tadeu Vinhas Voltolini

ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate the effects of water depths and irrigation frequencies on structural responses, forage yield and chemical composition of spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw), in adensed crop system. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in subdivided plots (3x4) with 4 replicates. The water depths were (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of ETc - crop evapotranspiration) and three water application frequencies (7; 14 and 28 days between irrigations). There was interaction for water use efficiency (WUE) and plant dry mass. Increasing water depths reduced WUE for all irrigation frequencies and plant dry mass was lower for 7 days compared to 14 and 28 days in 25% ETc. Greater water depths increased linearly the plant height and plant width. First and second order cladode length, second order cladode dry mass (kg), fresh mass yield (FMY) (kg ha-1) and dry mass yield (DMY) (kg ha-1) had a quadratic response with the increase in water depth. The FMY and DMY increased up to 77% and 75% ETc, respectively. Irrigation frequency (28 days) promoted greater first order cladode length and cladode dry mass compared to 7 days. Cladode thickness in plant and basal cladode thickness were greater for 7 days compared to 28 days and 14 and 28 days, respectively, without influence on FMY and DMY. Irrigation frequencies from 7 to 28 days promotes similar forage production and water depths up to 77% ETc favors the forage yield for spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana receiving supplemental irrigation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDUARDO DE PAULA SIMÃO ◽  
MIGUEL MARQUES GONTIJO NETO ◽  
SILVIO NOLASCO OLIVEIRA NETO ◽  
JOÃO CARLOS CARDOSO GALVÃO ◽  
EMERSON BORGHI ◽  
...  

RESUMO - Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade da forragem e grãos de milho e do capim braquiária em consórcio, submetidos a diferentes níveis de sombreamentos proporcionados pelos renques de eucaliptos, em sistema de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta, na região de Sete Lagoas-MG. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, em Sete Lagoas-MG, em área de cultivo de eucalipto (Eucalyptus urophylla, clone AEC 1528) implantado em 29 de outubro de 2013, em espaçamento 15x2 m entre plantas. Em 24 de novembro de 2015, foi realizada a semeadura simultânea em sistema plantio direto do milho (AG 8088 VT PRO) consorciado com capim braquiária (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) em espaçamentos de 0,70 m entre linhas, a uma distância de 1 metro entre a primeira linha de semeadura do milho/braquiária e os renques de eucalipto. As produtividades de grãos e forragem de milho e de milho mais capim entre os renques de eucalipto foram semelhantes às produtividades em pleno sol a partir de 3,8 m de distância entre as linhas de milho e os renques de eucalipto. A produtividade de grãos e de forragens foi diretamente influenciada pela redução da distância entre as linhas de semeadura e os renques de eucalipto com três anos de implantação em espaçamento de 15x2. O componente arbóreo no sistema de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária- Floresta altera o ambiente no sub-bosque, reduzindo a incidência de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa entre os renques, diminuindo diretamente as produtividades de forragem e grãos de milho em cultivo consorciado com U. brizantha.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, U. brizantha, eucalipto, cultivo consorciado.GRAIN AND FORAGE PRODUCTION IN THE FUNCTION OF LUMINOUS AVAILABILITY IN INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK-FORESTRY SYSTEMSABSTRACT - The objective of this work was to evaluate the productivity of grass and maize forage, and maize grains submitted to different levels of shade provided by the eucalypt trees, in Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest system, in the region of Sete Lagoas, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, in Sete Lagoas, MG, in an area of eucalypt (Eucalyptus urophylla, clone AEC 1528) implanted on October 29, 2013, spaced 15x2 m between plants. On November 24, 2015, no-tillage system (AG 8088 VT PRO) was intercropped with Brachiaria grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) at 0.70 m between rows, at  distance of 1 meter between the first sowing line of maize/Brachiaria and eucalypt rows. The yields of maize forage, maize grains and Brachiaria among the eucalypt rows were similar to the productivities in full sun from 3.8 m distance between maize and eucalypt lines. Grain yield and maize fodder yields were directly influenced by the reduction of the distance between the sowing lines and the eucalypt rows with three years of implantation at 15x2 spacing. The arboreal component in Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest system alters the environment in the sub-forest, reducing the incidence of photosynthetically active radiation among the ranks, directly reducing forage and maize grains yields in intercropping system with U. brizantha.Keywords: Zea mays, U. brizantha, eucalypt, intercropping system.


Author(s):  
Jocimar Costa Rosa ◽  
Marcos Ventura Faria ◽  
Welton Luiz Zaluski ◽  
Emanuel Gava ◽  
Pedro Henrique Willemann Andreoli ◽  
...  

Abstract: The objective of this work was to identify corn (Zea mays) genotypes with forage potential and to evaluate the efficiency of testers to discriminate forage traits in topcrosses, considering the contribution of additive and nonadditive genes. The experiment was carried out in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Thirty S3 corn progenies were evaluated in topcrosses with the AG8025, P30B39, MLP102, 60.H23.1, and 70.H26.1 testers. The following traits were assessed: forage dry mass yield, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and forage dry mass degradability. Progenies 205.2, 159.6, and 199.2, in this order, presented the best performance for forage potential. Testers 60.H23.1 and 70.H26.1 better expressed the genetic variability between progenies. For all traits in both crop seasons, there is a predominance of the action of genes of nonadditive effects.


2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1279-1285
Author(s):  
V. Lingorski

During the 2002-2004 period in RIMSA, Troyan (in Central Northern Bulgaria) annualy was sown a field experiment with some spring legumes for green forage production. The comparative study showed that a highest dry mass yield had the white lupine (7.72 t/ha) - 97.95% above the standard crop (field pea) productivity. The highest values (21.30 and 20.50%) of crude protein content were observed for common vetch and white lupine. A maximum crude fat content had field pea, followed of chickling vetch, soybean and common vetch. The highest crude protein productivity had the white lupine, and it was with 106.58% higher than field pea.


Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Everett ◽  
Melissa L. Wilson ◽  
Randall J. Pepin ◽  
Jeffrey A. Coulter

In maize-based cropping systems, leaching of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) to drainage tile and groundwater is a significant problem. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a winter rye cover crop planted after silage maize or soybean harvest and injected with liquid manure could decrease soil NO3-N without reducing the yield of the following maize crop. An experiment was conducted at 19 sites with predominant occurrence of Mollisols (15 out of 19 sites) in the upper Midwest USA immediately after soybean or maize silage harvest to compare a drilled rye cover crop and a non-cover crop control. Later in the fall, liquid swine or dairy manure was injected into the cover crop and control plots. Rye was terminated the following spring using herbicide, usually before reaching 20 to 25 cm in height, and incorporated with tillage at most sites, after which maize was planted and harvested as silage or grain. Across sites, soil NO3-N at rye termination was reduced by 36% (range = 4% to 67%) with rye compared to no rye. Nitrogen in aboveground rye biomass at termination ranged from 5 to 114 kg N ha−1 (mean = 51 kg N ha−1). Across sites, there was no significant difference in yield of maize silage or grain between treatments. These results demonstrate in a Mollisol-dominated region the potential of a winter rye cover crop planted before manure application to effectively reduce soil NO3-N without impacting yield of the following maize crop, thereby reducing risk of negative environmental impacts.


2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
N.J. Morris ◽  
T.D. Hurley ◽  
R.J. Densley

Maize (Zea mays) grain yield in New Zealand has increased linearly, on average by 104 kg/ha/year (R2=0.51) while maize silage yield has increased linearly on average by 166 kg DM/ha/year (R2=0.47), based on strip trial data (1991-2015 for grain, and 1996-2015 for silage). Over the same periods, grain yields (based on 14% moisture content) have increased on average in the lower North Island (LNI) by 175 kg/ha/year (R2=0.45) while average silage yields have increased in the Waikato by 212 kg DM/ha/year (R2=0.48), in the LNI by 177 kg DM/ha/year (R2=0.31) and the South Island by 155 kg DM/ha/year (R2=0.30). Annual variations in yield can be attributed to changes in trial locations and trial co-operators over time. However, overall trends towards increasing yield are due to improvements in hybrid genetics, maize agronomy and management practises. Growing and harvesting costs for producing maize silage on an average soil fertility property in the Waikato have increased 3 c/kg DM over 13 years. Keywords: maize silage, maize grain, Zea mays, corn, yield


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