scholarly journals Study of forage productive and qualitative indicators of some annual spring legumes in foothill regions of central northern Bulgaria

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1279-1285
Author(s):  
V. Lingorski
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Protein Productivity ◽  
The Comparative Study

During the 2002-2004 period in RIMSA, Troyan (in Central Northern Bulgaria) annualy was sown a field experiment with some spring legumes for green forage production. The comparative study showed that a highest dry mass yield had the white lupine (7.72 t/ha) - 97.95% above the standard crop (field pea) productivity. The highest values (21.30 and 20.50%) of crude protein content were observed for common vetch and white lupine. A maximum crude fat content had field pea, followed of chickling vetch, soybean and common vetch. The highest crude protein productivity had the white lupine, and it was with 106.58% higher than field pea.

scholarly journals Forage yield, structural responses and chemical composition of spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana in different water depths and irrigation frequencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana de Souza Pereira ◽  
Anderson Barbosa Cavalcante ◽  
Welson Lima Simões ◽  
Tadeu Vinhas Voltolini
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Structural Responses ◽  
Water Depths ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate the effects of water depths and irrigation frequencies on structural responses, forage yield and chemical composition of spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw), in adensed crop system. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in subdivided plots (3x4) with 4 replicates. The water depths were (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of ETc - crop evapotranspiration) and three water application frequencies (7; 14 and 28 days between irrigations). There was interaction for water use efficiency (WUE) and plant dry mass. Increasing water depths reduced WUE for all irrigation frequencies and plant dry mass was lower for 7 days compared to 14 and 28 days in 25% ETc. Greater water depths increased linearly the plant height and plant width. First and second order cladode length, second order cladode dry mass (kg), fresh mass yield (FMY) (kg ha-1) and dry mass yield (DMY) (kg ha-1) had a quadratic response with the increase in water depth. The FMY and DMY increased up to 77% and 75% ETc, respectively. Irrigation frequency (28 days) promoted greater first order cladode length and cladode dry mass compared to 7 days. Cladode thickness in plant and basal cladode thickness were greater for 7 days compared to 28 days and 14 and 28 days, respectively, without influence on FMY and DMY. Irrigation frequencies from 7 to 28 days promotes similar forage production and water depths up to 77% ETc favors the forage yield for spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana receiving supplemental irrigation.

No-till System as an Alternative for Soil Conservation Aiming at Sustainability in Tobacco Production

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Felipe Tascheto Bolzan ◽  
Camila Bisognin Meneghetti ◽  
Cleudson José Michelon ◽  
Carlos Arnoldo Streck
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Tobacco Cultivation

Aims: Tobacco cultivation is important in the income composition of family farmers. The use of soil cover plants is a practice that plays an important role in keeping the soil covered and reducing the effects of water erosion and improving the physical, chemical and biological conditions of the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of using different species for soil covering preceding the production of tobacco in the no-tillage system. Place and Duration of Study: Two experiments were conducted in Jaguari-RS, in the years 2015 and 2016. Methodology: The treatments were different species of soil cover crops, preceding the cultivation of tobacco (nicotine tabacum) as described: Black oat (Avena strigosa); Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.); Consortium of Black Oat + vetch and white lupine (Albus L.). For both experiments, the experimental units consisted of plots of 3.5 x 3 m, comprising an area of 10.5 m2. The plant growth, production of the dry mass and decomposition of crop residues, of the cover crops, as well as weed infestation and tobacco yield were evaluated. Results: Among the winter cover crops, black oats and white lupine stood out, as they showed fast growth and higher dry mass production, resulting in higher tobacco yield. These cover crops showed the most promising, combining the benefits to soil conservation and the sustainability of the production system. Conclusion: In this study it was observed that the treatments with cover crops that presented the highest dry mass production were the same ones that provided the highest tobacco yield, making it possible to affirm that there is a positive relation between the production of the dry mass of precedent crop with tobacco yield.

scholarly journals Forage mass and nutritive value of bermuda grass mixed to forage peanut or common vetch

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clair Jorge Olivo ◽  
Juliano Costa dos Santos ◽  
Maurício Pase Quatrin ◽  
Gabriela Descovi Simonetti ◽  
Daiane Cristine Seibt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch

Three pasture-based systems (PS) with  bermuda grass (BG) + forage peanut + 75 kg of N ha-1; BG + common vetch + 75 kg of N ha-1 and BG + 150 kg of N ha-1 were evaluated. Lactating Holstein cows were used for evaluation and the experimental design was completely randomized. Forage mass, botanical and structural composition, daily dry matter accumulation rate and stocking rate were evaluated. Samples were collected by hand-plucking method to analyze crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), (ISDMD), in situ organic matter digestibility (ISOMD) and total digestible nutrients (TDN). Average forage production and stocking rate were 13.8; 15.3 and 16.1 t ha-1 and 5.6; 6.4 and 5.5 UA ha-1 day-1 for PS respectively. Average CP and NDF were 16.4; 22.2 and 15.3%; 68.3; 65.7 and 66.3%; for ISDMD, ISOMD and TDN were 68.5; 70.3 and 66.4%; 64.3; 63.2 and 65.3%; 57.3; 58.3 and 57.5%, for PS respectively. Best results were reported on bermuda grass mixed with common vetch. 

scholarly journals Dry Mass Yield and Bromatological Composition of the Forage of Cynodon dactylon cv. Vaquero Submitted to Crescent Doses of Nitrogen, Applied as Swine Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
João Paulo Fonesi de Carvalho ◽  
Magno Daniel Porfirio ◽  
Tauane Santos Brito ◽  
Bruna Broti Rissato ◽  
Nelson Massaru Fukumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Swine Waste

The present had as its objective to evaluate the response of dry mass total yield, and bromatological composition of the forage, submitted to different nitrogen doses, applied as swine waste in the pasture of Cynodon dactylon cv. ‘Vaquero’. The study was developed during the period of November 2017 until March 2018, in the experimental area of the ‘Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná’, campus Toledo, located in the western region of Paraná, under latitude 24º43′13″ S and longitude 53º47′01″ W. The experimental design adopted was of randomized blocks with six treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1) constituted by crescent doses of nitrogen as swine waste, with five replicates, totalizing 30 experimental plots. It was studied the dry mass yield (kg ha-1), crude protein (CP), dry mass (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), insoluble nitrogen in neutral detergent (NDIN), insoluble nitrogen in acid detergent (ADIN), lignin, ether extract (EE) and mineral matter (MM). It was verified that the N doses influenced in the dry mass yield of the forage, because it reached a productivity of 4520.57 kg ha-1 in the dry mass. The highest crude protein content of ‘Vaquero’ was obtained with the dose of 250 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, in which was observed a content of 13.72 g kg-1 of CP in the dry mass. The different nitrogen doses, applied as swine waste in the pasture of grass ‘Vaquero’, have an influence in the bromatological composition and in the dry mass yield, causing an increase in the forage contents of crude protein (CP), dry mass (DM), ether extract (EE), in forage produced under four cutting periods. The increase in the nitrogen doses improves the nutritional quality of grass ‘Vaquero’, once it causes decreases in the NDF and ADF content and increases in the CP and DM content.

scholarly journals Cultivation of ruziziensis grass (Urochloa ruziziensis) using swine liquid manure fertilization

2021 ◽  
pp. 377-386
Author(s):  
Marinho Rocho da Silva ◽  
Joadil Gonçalves Abreu ◽  
Oscarlina Lucia dos Santos Weber ◽  
Livia Vieira de Barros ◽  
Edna Maria Bonfim- Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Liquid Swine Manure

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of liquid swine manure (LSM) as fertilization in the implantation of Urochloa ruziziensis. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications, with the treatments being four doses of LSM (0; 100; 200 and 300 m3 ha-1) and one dose of mineral fertilization. Seven cuts were carried out uniformly, after which plant height (PH), total dry mass yield (TDMY), crude protein content (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), macromineral extraction (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and microminerals (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) of plants were evaluated every 30 days. Mineral fertilization provided higher PH, CP content and extraction of N and S, but lower NDF content. For ADF variable, there was no difference between treatments. The results of dry mass yield (DMY) and extractions of P, K, Ca and Mn showed that the effect of 300 m3 ha-1 LSM was statistically equal to mineral fertilization. For extractions of Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu doses of 200 and 300 m3 ha-1 did not differ statistically from mineral fertilization. Among the doses of LSM, there was increasing linear effect, with increases in the variables DMY (30.89%), PH (14.94%), CP (17%), N (53.01%), P (40.79%), K (27.84%), Ca (35.17%), Mg (29.6%), S (47.13%), Fe (31.2%), Zn (31.6%) and Mn (23.04%). For Cu extraction, there was a quadratic effect with the highest extraction in the dose of 26.36 m3, obtaining an increase of 19.94% in relation to treatment without application. It is important to study different LSM dosages to avoid risk of heavy metal toxicity. The LSM is an alternative in place of mineral fertilization for Urochloa ruziziensis grass.

Genotype, Environment and Rainfall effects on Vetch Varieties in a Semi-Arid Region

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYForage production of common vetch in semi-arid Mediterranean regions can be increased by varietal improvement. Dry matter content and crude protein yield were affected by environment more than crude protein content and harvesting date. Forage produced in environments where plants grew quicker was of lower dry matter content, higher crude protein content but of similar weight as forage produced in late environments. Variations in annual rainfall explained 35 to 76% of the total variation in dry matter yield.

NITROGEN SIDEDRESS ON SILAGE MAIZE INTERCROPPED WITH MARANDU GRASS

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
SIMÉRIO CARLOS SILVA CRUZ ◽  
GUILHERME FILGUEIRAS SOARES ◽  
TIAGO CAMILO DUARTE ◽  
DARLY GERALDO DE SENA JUNIOR ◽  
CARLA GOMES MACHADO
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

ABSTRACT - The method used for the establishment of an intercropping system may interfere in the optimal timingof nitrogen sidedress fertilization on maize for silage. Due to this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects ofnitrogen sidedress timing on the development and yield of silage maize and Marandu grass grown under irrigation inan intercropping. A split plot randomized blocks design with four replications was used. The plots corresponded to thenitrogen sidedress timing on silage maize (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, corresponding to the phenologicalstages V3, V5, V7 and R1, respectively). The subplots consisted of two consortium establishment methods, MaranduGrass simultaneously sowed with the maize crop and 30 days after. The simultaneous sowing of silage maize andMarandu grass intercropped, and irrigated favors the grass development and dry mass yield, reducing the yield ofmaize ear green mass and maize total dry mass. The nitrogen fertilization after corn sowing reduced maize silage yieldand favored the forage production of the intercropped Marandu grass.Keywords: Zea mays; Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu; interspecific competition; integration crop-livestock.ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA DE COBERTURA PARA O MILHO SILAGEM CULTIVADO EM CONSÓRCIO COM CAPIM MARANDURESUMO - O método de introdução da forrageira no sistema de consórcio pode interferir no momento ideal para arealização da adubação nitrogenada em cobertura na cultura do milho silagem. Em função disto, objetivou-se avaliaros efeitos de diferentes épocas de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no desenvolvimento e produtividade da culturado milho silagem e do Capim Marandu, cultivados em consórcio sob irrigação. Utilizou-se delineamento experimentalde blocos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas corresponderam à época de adubaçãonitrogenada em cobertura no milho silagem (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após semeadura do milho, equivalendo à semeadura,V3, V5, V7 e R1, respectivamente). Nas subparcela, foram testados dois métodos de implantação do consórcio: CapimMarandu semeado simultaneamente à cultura do milho e 30 dias após. A semeadura simultânea do milho silagem edo Capim Marandu, em sistema de consórcio, favoreceu o desenvolvimento e a produção de massa seca do capim,reduzindo a produtividade de massa verde de espigas de milho e massa seca total de plantas. A adubação nitrogenadade cobertura realizada após a semeadura prejudicou a produção de milho silagem e beneficiou o desenvolvimento docapim Marandu cultivado em consórcio.Palavras-chave: Zea mays; Urochloa brizantha cv. Maradu; competição interespecífica; integração lavoura-pecuária.

scholarly journals Nutritional and biochemical changes induced by lead in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Brito de Abreu ◽  
Bárbara Lima do Sacramento ◽  
Andréia Teixeira Alves ◽  
Silvany Cardim Moura ◽  
Milena Santos Pinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Biochemical Indicator ◽  
Organic Solute ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Pb Concentration

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing concentrations of lead (Pb) in the nutrient solution on growth and macronutrient and organic solute contents of Helianthus annuus plants. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. The dry mass yield was not affected by the treatments up to a Pb concentration of 0.6 mM, indicating that H. annuus was tolerant to this Pb concentration in the growth medium. The reductions in leaf, stem and root dry masses at a Pb concentration of 0.8 mM were 74, 84 and 85%, respectively. Lead stress did not reduce the levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), indicating that the growth reduction observed at 0.8 mM Pb could not be attributed to deficiencies of these nutrients. On the other hand, Pb significantly reduced calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) contents in leaves, stems and roots, which might, at least in part, explain the Pb-induced growth reduction in the H. annuus plants. Pb increased soluble carbohydrate, free amino acid and proline contents in leaves, and soluble protein and proline contents in roots, showing stress-induced changes in cell metabolism. The data also suggest that Ca and Mg concentrations may be used as nutritional indicators and the proline content may be used as a biochemical indicator of Pb toxicity in H. annuus.

Effect of harvesting stage on cereal and legume forage production in low rainfall regions

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Harvesting Stage ◽  
Percentage Protein

SUMMARYThe effect of stage of harvesting on dry-matter (D.M.) yield and chemical composition of barley, wheat and the legumes common vetch (F. sativa), woollypod vetch (F. dasycarpa) and fodder peas (P. sativum) were studied in Cyprus under low rainfall conditions in a series of trials sown in four successive years. Cereals were harvested at the beginning of heading, 50% heading and the milk stage of grain, and legumes at three stages from preflowering to full pod formation, D.M., protein and digestible D.M. yields and percentage D.M. content increased with age, whereas percentage protein content and D.M. digestibility declined. Under moisture stress conditions before and during the harvesting period D.M. yields did not increase significantly with age. Protein content of cereals under low rainfall conditions was higher than that of cereals grown in the U.K. under higher N fertilization levels. Rainfall conditions affected drastically the performance of both cereals and legumes. However, average yields were satisfactory; the barley variety 628 gave 8·98 t/ha, the highest D.M. yield among all cereal and legume varieties.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of Prosopis and Albizia

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Naji K. Al-Mefleh ◽  
Yahia A. Othman ◽  
Maher J. Tadros ◽  
Amani Al-Assaf ◽  
Samer Talozi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Significant Difference

This study investigated the influence of treated greywater on growth and protein content of multipurpose (forage and ornamental) transplants, Prosopis juliflora L., Prosopis tamarugo L., and Albizia lebbeck L. Transplants of tested species were irrigated with treated greywater, diluted greywater (grey + distilled water, 1:1/by volume), and distilled water (control) for seven months. Water quality analysis showed that the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals found in the greywater were within the acceptable range compared with Jordan Institution for Standard and Metrology (JISM) and the World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds for safe use of greywater. Escherichia coli found in the greywater were lower compared to JISM and WHO guidelines for the safe use of greywater. Irrigation with treated greywater increased shoot fresh weight by 24–39% and dry weight by 34–40% compared to diluted greywater and control. No significant difference in crude protein was noticed between water treatments. Prosopis species (P. juliflora Albizia lebbeck L. and P. tamarugo Albizia lebbeck L.) had higher shoot fresh (35%) and dry weight the same species had lower crude protein (44%) when compared to Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck L. The reuse of treated greywater for landscaping or forage production alleviates the demand for water resources and reduces the pressure on wastewater treatment plants. However, considering the controversial findings of previous studies on greywater quality (especially, long-term reuse), the reuse of treated greywater needs to be considered with caution and periodic quality analyses and economic assessments are required.

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