scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SEED SIZE ON MAIZE SEEDLINGS WHEN SOWN UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
DANIELLE REZENDE VILELA ◽  
NATHALIA REZENDE RIBEIRO ◽  
HELOISA OLIVEIRA DOS SANTOS ◽  
ÉDILA VILELA RESENDE VON PINHO ◽  
RENATO COELHO DE CASTRO VASCONCELLOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Round Hole ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Tolerant Line ◽  
Seminal Roots

Seed size may affect the initial development of seedlings, especially under adverse conditions such as water deficit. The objective of this study was to characterize the influence of seed size on traits presented by maize seedlings under contrasting conditions of water availability. The experiment was conducted with a tolerant line (L91), a non-tolerant line (L57), and with the F2 resulting from the cross between those lines. The seeds were classified with the use of round-hole sieves and those retained on sieves of sizes 22, 20 and 18/64” were used. The seeds were sown in trays containing sand and, in order to simulate water deficit, the water retention capacity was adjusted to 10% (stress) and 70% (control). Four replications were used, with 25 seeds per treatment, which were stored in a growth chamber at 25 ºC for 7 days. Then the number of seminal roots, length of root and shoot, and their weights (fresh, dry and total) were evaluated. The seed size directly influences the development of maize seedlings, when subjected to water restriction, regardless of whether they are lines or F2. In this case, the larger-size sieves (22 and 20) were superior when compared with the size 18. In the early stages, the L57 was more tolerant to water restriction when compared with L91.

scholarly journals Shading minimizes the effects of water deficit in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg seedlings

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. M. Bartieres ◽  
D. M. Dresch ◽  
L. C. Reis ◽  
Z. V. Pereira ◽  
R. M. Mussury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the functioning of the photosystem II and quality of C. xanthocarpa seedlings cultivated under intermittent water deficit and shading levels and the influence of shading on recovery potential after suspension of the stress conditions. The seedlings were subjected to three levels of shading (0, 30, and 70%), six periods of evaluation (start: 0 days; 1st and 2nd photosynthesis zero: 1st and 2nd P0; 1st and 2nd recovery: 1stand 2nd REC; and END), and two forms of irrigation (control: periodically irrigated to maintain 70% substrate water retention capacity, and intermittent irrigation: suspension of irrigation). The plants subjected to intermittent irrigation conditions at 0% shading showed a reduction in water potential (Ψw) and potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and maximum efficiency of the photochemical process (Fv/F0) and an increase in basal quantum production of the non-photochemical processes (F0/Fm). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in the leaves than in the roots. The C. xanthocarpa is a species sensitive to water deficit but presents strategies to adapt to an environment under temporary water restriction, which are more temporary are most efficient under shading. The seedlings with water deficit at all levels of shading exhibited higher protective antioxidant activity and lower quality at 0% shading. The shading minimizes prevents permanent damage to the photosystem II and after the re-irrigation, the evaluated characteristics showed recovery with respect to the control group, except POD and SOD activities in the leaves.

scholarly journals Enzymatic activity and gene expression related to drought stress tolerance in maize seeds and seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37079
Author(s):  
Milena Christy Santos ◽  
Édila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho ◽  
Heloisa Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Danielle Rezende Vilela ◽  
Izabel Costa Silva Neta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Different Tissues

Drought stress is a major limiting factor for the development of maize, and the identification of the expression of genes related to this stress in seeds and seedlings can be an important tool to accelerate the selection process. The expression of genes related to tolerance to water deficit in seeds and in different tissues of maize seedlings were evaluated. Four tolerant genotypes (91-T, 32-T, 91x75-T, 32x75-T) and four non-tolerant genotypes (37-NT, 57-NT, 37x57-NT and 31x37-NT) were seeded in a substrate with 10% (stress) and 70% (control) water retention capacity. The expression of 4 enzymes were evaluated: catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PO), esterase (EST), and heat-resistant protein (HRP), as well as the relative expression of 6 genes: ZmLEA3, ZmPP2C, ZmCPK11, ZmDREB2A/2.1s, ZmDBP3 and ZmAN13 were evaluated in seed, shoots and roots of seedlings submitted or not to stress. There was variation in the expression of CAT, PO, SOD, EST and HRP enzymes among the evaluated genotypes and also in the different tissues evaluated. Higher expression of the CAT and PO was observed in the shoots. There was a greater expression of the EST in the genotypes non-tolerant to water deficit. HRP was expressed only in seeds. In the aerial part of maize seedlings, classified as tolerant, higher expression of genes ZmLEA3 and ZmCPK11 was observed. There was a higher expression of the ZmAN13 and ZmDREB2A/2.1S genes in roots developed under stress conditions and a higher expression of the ZmPP2C gene in seeds of line 91-T, which is classified as tolerant to drought stress.

scholarly journals New approaches to the action of silicon to enable the cultivation of Panicum maximum in soil with water restriction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ricardo Rocha ◽  
Renato Mello Prado ◽  
Marisa Cássia Piccolo
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
C And N

Abstract Climate change increases the occurrence of droughts, decreasing the production of tropical forages through the induction of physiological stress. Si is expected to broaden the limit from physiological stress of forages grown under water restriction, which may come from an improvement in the stoichiometric homeostasis of Si with N and C, favoring physiological aspects. This study assessed whether Si supply via fertigation improves physiological aspects and the water content in the plant by means of an antioxidant defense system and changes in the C:N:Si stoichiometry during the regrowth of two cultivars of Panicum maximum grown under two soil water regimes (70 and 40% of the soil’s water retention capacity). The forages studied are sensitive to water deficit without silicon supply. The application of Si via fertigation attenuated the water deficit, favoring plant growth by stabilizing the stoichiometric homeostasis C:N and C:Si, which are responsible for increasing the plant capacity of converting accumulated C in dry mass, favoring the water content of the plant tissue and the photosynthetic efficiency. This study highlights the importance of the physiological function of Si, and effects on the stoichiometry of C and N, which are neglected in most research on forages grown under water restriction.

scholarly journals Water deficit modifies C:N:P stoichiometry affecting sugarcane and energy cane yield and its relationships with silicon supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Santana Batista de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Gelza Carliane Marques Teixeira ◽  
Marisa de Cássia Piccolo ◽  
Antonio Márcio Souza Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
C:N:P Stoichiometry ◽  
Energy Cane ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Conversion Rates

AbstractClimate change has increased the occurrence of water deficit in regions where sugarcane and energy cane are cultivated, jeopardizing dry matter production of stems. It was hypothesized that the reasons behind this fact relate to C:N:P stoichiometric modifications in these species that impair the conversion rates of accumulated nutrients in the stems, which could be attenuated by supplying silicon (Si) to the crops. Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of water deficit in sugarcane and energy cane ratoons in the presence and absence of Si, in the C:N:P stoichiometry of stems, in the use efficiency of these nutrients and in the accumulation of dry matter in stems. Two experiments were carried out, using sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and energy cane (S. spontaneum), cultivated in pots filled with a Typic Quartzipisamment. The treatments for both experiments were arranged in a factorial scheme 2 × 2, without (70% of the soil’s water retention capacity) and with (30% of the capacity) water deficit, without and with the application of Si via fertirrigation, associated with foliar pulverization, both at a concentration of 2.5 mmol L−1, arranged in randomized blocks. The reduction in dry matter production of stems in both species caused by water deficit was due to modifications of the C, N and P stoichiometric homeostasis, but the benefit of Si in these plants when increasing dry matter production was not a reflection of the change in homeostasis, thus it may be involved in other mechanisms that remain unknown and should be further studied.

scholarly journals Study of the influence of adaptogens on the water regime of some varieties of the genus Chrysanthemum L. during the introduction into the Bashkir Pre-Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (11) ◽  
pp. 2-13
Author(s):  
Svetlana Denisova ◽  
Antonina Reut
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Retention Capacity

Abstract. Purpose. Study of the effect of anti-stress adaptogens on the water regime of some varieties of chrysanthemum in the conditions of the Bashkir Pre-Urals. Methodology and methods. The analysis of indicators of water regime is based on the method of artificial wilting (V. N. Tarenkov, L. N. Ivanova) and the method of saturation of plant samples (V. P. Moiseev, N. P. Reshetskiy). Plants were processed once, and samples were taken in three terms. Calculations were carried out by standard methods using statistical packages of the Microsoft Excel 2003 and the Agros 2.13. Results. The dynamics of indicators of the water regime during the treatment with the preparations “Gumi-20” and “Oberig” is analyzed. An assessment of the total water content, water retention capacity, daily moisture loss and water deficit of ten varieties of chrysanthemum bred by the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of UFRC RAS (SUBGI UFRC RAS) in the period under study is given. Studies have shown that varieties of chrysanthemum in the Bashkir Ural under the same soil-climatic and agrotechnical conditions had the following indicators: total water content ‒ 69.4–86.9 %, water-holding capacity ‒ 25.6–53.8 %, daily moisture loss ‒ 17.2–61.0 %, water deficit ‒ 10.9–13.2 %. The use of anti-stress adaptogens did not have a significant effect on the parameters of the water regime, or their effect was variety-specific. As a result of the correlation-regression analysis, inverse relationships were revealed between the indicators of water deficit and the total water content, as well as between the daily water loss and water retention capacity. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the water regime of varieties of chrysanthemum of the SUBGI UFRC RAS selection was studied, the dependences of the water regime indicators were revealed, and the assessment of the expediency of using anti-stress adaptogens for certain varieties in the conditions of the Bashkir Pre-Urals was given.

scholarly journals Physiological Changes of Wheat Varieties Under Water Deficit Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Tasmina ◽  
AR Khan ◽  
A Karim ◽  
N Akter ◽  
R Islam
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Relative Water

The experiment was carried out at the research field of the Department of Agronomy of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during November 2014 to March 2015 to assess and evaluate the physiological derivations of wheat varieties under water deficit condition. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design comprising two water regimes (irrigated or control and water stress) in main plot and three wheat varieties (BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 26 and Sourav) in sub-plot with four replications. Surface irrigation was applied into the irrigated plots in total growing season but it was applied in water stress plots up to 21 days after sowing after that irrigation was stopped in water stress plots. It was revealed that studied parameters were significantly influenced by water regimes, variety and their interaction. The xylem exudation rate, light interception, SPAD value, leaf water potential, relative water content, water retention capacity was higher in irrigated condition where canopy temperature, water uptake capacity, water saturation deficit higher in water stress condition.The wheat var. BARI Gom 26 showed the highest PAR, SPAD value, leaf water potential, relative water content, water retention capacity where BARI Gom 25 exhibit lowest under water deficit condition. On the other hand, BARI Gom 25 showd the highest canopy temperature, water uptake capacity and water saturation deficit in water deficit condition. Therefore, considering the physiological performance and other characters BARI Gom 26 could be considered preferably for water shortage condition followed by Sourav where BARI Gom 25 was susceptible one.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 105-114

scholarly journals Physiological analysis and gene expression analysis of ZmDBP3, ZmALDH9, ZmAN13, and ZmDREB2A in maize lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e43479
Author(s):  
Thaís Lima Marques ◽  
Renzo Garcia Von Pinho ◽  
Édila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho ◽  
Bruno da Costa Paniago ◽  
Natália Chagas Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Transcript Analysis ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study was to evaluate gene expression related to water deficit tolerance in maize lines. For this, lines previously classified as tolerant (91-T and 32-T) and non-tolerant (24-NT and 57-NT) to water deficit were used. The seeds of the four lines were evaluated for emergence and emergence speed index, and the seedlings were evaluated for root and shoot length under two conditions of water availability (70 and 10% substrate water retention capacity). In transcript analysis, the expression of several genes associated with water deficit tolerance, ZmDBP3, ZmALDH9, ZmAN13, and ZmDREB2A, was evaluated by qRT-PCR for the 91-T and 57-NT lines. It can be concluded that soil water deficiency did not reduce root development. However, the shoot length was significantly lower under dry conditions. Through transcript analysis, the genes ZmDBP3 and ZmAN13 were identified as potential markers for the early selection of maize lines tolerant to water deficit.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic and enzymatic metabolism of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi seedlings under water deficit

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 676-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danieli Pieretti Nunes ◽  
Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon ◽  
Daiane Mugnol Dresch ◽  
Carla Regina Baptista Gordin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Carboxylation Efficiency ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Schinus Terebinthifolius ◽  
Hydric Stress ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Response To Water

ABSTRACT Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is a tree species that can be used in the recovery of degraded areas, as it exhibits rapid growth and has a very expansive root system, facilitating water uptake from the deeper layers of the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate photosynthesis and enzymatic activity in S. terebinthifolius seedlings under conditions of water deficit and their potential to recover following re-irrigation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under a plastic covering where plants were distributed into two groups: Group 1 - control plants, where irrigation was maintained at 70% of the water retention capacity, and Group 2 - stressed plants, where irrigation was suspended until the photosynthetic rate neared zero, followed by rehydration for 12 days, then a further suspension of irrigation. At the beginning of the experiment and during the suspension of irrigation and rehydration, plants were evaluated for gas and antioxidant enzyme exchanges. Hydric stress significantly reduced photosynthesis, stomatal transpiration conductance, carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco, and the chlorophyll content of the S. terebinthifolius plants. Following rehydration, plants recovered the carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco, but not the photosynthetic rate. Antioxidant enzyme activity increased in both the aerial part and the root in response to water deficit.

scholarly journals Biological evaluation of awnless bromegrass in different agro-climatic zones of Yakutia

2022 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
V. I. Alexeeva ◽  
A. Z. Platonova
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Close Relationship

The results of biological evaluation of awnless bromegrass varieties in different agroclimatic zones of Yakutia are presented. A total of 143 collection varieties of awnless bromegrass from the genetic collection of VIR, other research institutions and local wild specimen were used in the research. The varieties studied are highly winter-hardy, the breeding specimen numbers to a greater extent. The drought tolerance of the varieties grown in the three zones of Yakutia is evaluated. A close relationship between winter hardiness and drought tolerance (water retention capacity) in awnless bromegrass was established. The correlation coefficient averaged 0.74. The intensity of transpiration in awnless bromegrass cultivars is evaluated. Analysis of the daily dynamics of transpiration revealed that during the initial development phase of generative shoots (emergence into a tube), the minimum intensity of transpiration occurred in the evening and the maximum in the morning and afternoon hours. During the earing and flowering phase, the intensity of transpiration depends on weather conditions. It has been established that high winter hardiness of awnless bromegrass accounts for high hay yield; low water-holding capacity accounts for winter hardiness and maximum hay yield in the conditions of Yakutia's cryolithozone. The correlation coefficients between winter hardiness, drought tolerance parameters and hay yield at different herbage levels averaged –0,85… –0,24. The standard variety of awnless bromegrass Kamalinsky 14 is stable and highly adapted to the conditions of Yakutia, and is recommended as a seed parent in the selection process for awnless bromegrass. When selecting varieties of awnless bromegrass, attention should be paid to varieties from local breeding, as well as populations of expeditionary collections across Yakutia, which have high seed yields.

scholarly journals Yellow passion fruit tree sexual propagation by different mucilage extraction methods and substrates

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Adriane Assis ◽  
Sergio Roberto ◽  
Vitor Júnior ◽  
Carla Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo Hoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial development of yellow passion fruit, as a function of the method of extracting the mucilage of the seeds (washing in water, fermentation in water and fermentation in water + sugar) and substrates (carbonized rice husk, coconut fiber and vermiculite). The completely randomized design with nine treatments and five replicates, with 50 seeds was used, in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement (three mucilage extraction methods and three types of substrates). After 56 days of sowing, the following variables were evaluated seedling emergence percentage, number of leaves, leaf area, stem length and root largest length, dry mass of shoot and roots; and substrates characteristics such as pH, electric conductivity, density and water retention capacity. The emergence speed index was evaluated daily from sowing. It is verified that, except for the number of leaves and the shoot dry matter mass, the other variables were influenced by the study factors. In general, in the seeds without fermentation and fermentation in water mixed with sugar, the highest averages were obtained, regardless of the substrate used. Thus, both mucilage extraction methods and all tested substrates are indicated in the initial development of yellow passion fruit.

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