scholarly journals POLITICAL PATHOGENIC MEGADISCOURSES NEUTRALIZATION: TROLLING STRATEGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 308-318
Author(s):  
А. V. Kovalevska-Slavova
Keyword(s):  
Target Audience ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
False Information ◽  
Original Array ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Dominant Influence

The article is aimed at specifying and visualizing the strategies and tactics of neutralizing the negative effects of the pathogenic political megadiscourses. On top of that, it explores the suggestion linguistic implementation features, having been examined basing on the European political leaders’ speeches and news texts, and emphasizes the specificity of trolling strategy, which is aimed either at escalating the emotionality and falsity of the information presented in the original textual array, or at bringing the information having been presented in the original array to the absurd, which would minimize the rationality of the original array perception, and subsequently – trust in the original array, and in the addressee of these arrays (later on). The trolling strategy is optimal in the framework of neutralizing the pathogenic arrays having been created in the fake news paradigm, given these arrays’ orientation onto presenting knowingly false information in order to escalate tensions in the information space and destabilize the situation as a whole. The author presents and validates examples of using all the tactics of this strategy (rough (destructive) trolling or flaming, constructive trolling, exaggeration / reduction, wiki-trolling, "big lies" tactics, sockpuppetting tactics), which follow all the features of the original pathogenic array, including the dominant influence markers, as well as the original array’s suggestiveness realization peculiarities, which allows (when presenting the neutralizing array to the same target audience that has already been affected by the original array) to reduce or neutralize the harmful effects of the original pathogenic array. The paper also outlines the prospects for further research in this area given its fundamental importance not only for identifying the basic strategies for constructing pathogenic arrays and in-depth mechanisms of their formulation and, consequently, their impact on recipients, but also ways to counteract each type of such megadiscourses, thus optimizing Ukraine’s information space in the conditions of information war currently being carried out not only in our country, but in the numerous world countries, as well.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRUST IN MEDIA AND FAKE NEWS: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTINA GAVRILUȚĂ ◽  
SERGIU BORTOȘ
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects

Although the existence of fake news can be found in the last decade, this subject succeeded to impose and gain coverage among the current research topics, becoming important through the harmful effects it can produce, but also through its continuous dynamics and evolution. Through this paper we aim to present some theoretical perspectives on the phenomenon of fake news, then we will aim to make the connection between fake news and trust in the media (in any of its type, mass-media or new media). Through the theoretical analysis we aim to develop some hypotheses and subjects which could lead to future research. Therefore, by the present analysis – which has as scope the exploration of the possible relations between the population’s trust in the media and fake news – we focus on developing a theoretical framework, so that possible results could enhance a better knowledge and combatting the negative effects of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Scoring Model for the Detection of Fake News

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Mihai-Ionuț Pop
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
False Information ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Scoring Model ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Technological Means

AbstractMisinformation has always existed and has been promoted by groups of individuals, who share the same interests, in order to reach ideological, political or financial goals. In recent years, the emergence of the Internet and social platforms has opened a new and larger dimension in the dissemination of false content and information. With the help of these new technological means, the process of manipulation has evolved and reached a new level which materialized in the concept of fake news. The negative effects associated with this phenomenon have aroused interest among specialists, who are striving to find efficient instruments in order to combat the dissemination of fake information.In this context, I have developed a scoring model for the detection of fake news, which aims to combat the spreading of false information regarding specialized economic sectors, such as the energy field. Moreover, the model could also be implemented as an important instrument in the fighting against this negative phenomenon that can affect the way public figures, institutions, companies or industries are being perceived by the public opinion.

The influence of media on upbringing and behavior of children

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 656-666
Author(s):  
Dr. Entisar Al-Obaidi
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Family Home ◽  
Effects Of Media ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Harmful Effects

Media refers to the channels of communication through which we distribute news, education, movies, music, advertising messages and other information. It includes physical and online newspapers and magazines, television, radio, telephone, the Internet, fax and billboards, are a dominant force in lives of children. Although television is remaining the predominant medium for children and adolescents, the new technologies are become more popular. We have to concern about the potential harmful effects of media "messages and images"; however, the positive and negative effects of media should be recognized. Parents have to establish the plan for all media in family home. Media that are influences on children should be recognized by "schools, policymakers, product advertisers, and entertainment producers".

scholarly journals Intelligent Detection of False Information in Arabic Tweets Utilizing Hybrid Harris Hawks Based Feature Selection and Machine Learning Models

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Thaer Thaher ◽  
Mahmoud Saheb ◽  
Hamza Turabieh ◽  
Hamouda Chantar
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
User Profile ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Fake News ◽  
False Information ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Fake or false information on social media platforms is a significant challenge that leads to deliberately misleading users due to the inclusion of rumors, propaganda, or deceptive information about a person, organization, or service. Twitter is one of the most widely used social media platforms, especially in the Arab region, where the number of users is steadily increasing, accompanied by an increase in the rate of fake news. This drew the attention of researchers to provide a safe online environment free of misleading information. This paper aims to propose a smart classification model for the early detection of fake news in Arabic tweets utilizing Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, Machine Learning (ML) models, and Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO) as a wrapper-based feature selection approach. Arabic Twitter corpus composed of 1862 previously annotated tweets was utilized by this research to assess the efficiency of the proposed model. The Bag of Words (BoW) model is utilized using different term-weighting schemes for feature extraction. Eight well-known learning algorithms are investigated with varying combinations of features, including user-profile, content-based, and words-features. Reported results showed that the Logistic Regression (LR) with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) model scores the best rank. Moreover, feature selection based on the binary HHO algorithm plays a vital role in reducing dimensionality, thereby enhancing the learning model’s performance for fake news detection. Interestingly, the proposed BHHO-LR model can yield a better enhancement of 5% compared with previous works on the same dataset.

scholarly journals The Chronic Effects of Narghile Use on Males’ Cardiovascular Response During Exercise: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155798832199770
Author(s):  
Faten Chaieb ◽  
Helmi Ben Saad
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Harmful Effects

Narghile use has regained popularity throughout the world. Public opinion misjudges its chronic harmful effects on health, especially on the cardiovascular system. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the chronic effects of narghile use on cardiovascular response during exercise. It followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews guidelines. Original articles from PubMed and Scopus published until January 31, 2020, written in English, and tackling the chronic effects of narghile use on human cardiovascular response during exercise were considered. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Only males were included in these studies. They were published between 2014 and 2017 by teams from Tunisia ( n = 4) and Jordan ( n = 1). One study applied the 6-min walk test, and four studies opted for the cardiopulmonary exercise test. Narghile use was associated with reduced submaximal (e.g., lower 6-min walk distance) and maximal aerobic capacities (e.g., lower maximal oxygen uptake) with abnormal cardiovascular status at rest (e.g., increase in heart rate and blood pressures), at the end of the exercise (e.g., lower heart rate, tendency to chronotropic insufficiency) and during the recovery period (e.g., lower recovery index). To conclude, chronic narghile use has negative effects on cardiovascular response to exercise with reduced submaximal and maximal exercise capacities.

MEDIA FAKES IN THE INFORMATION SPACE OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
A.G. Gurochkina ◽  
◽  
D.A. Makurova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
Information Distortion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation

The paper explores the grave issue for modern-day research of mass media communication - fake news. The study aims at identifying cognitive bases and mechanisms of formation of media fakes about coronavirus. The first part of the article defines fake news and delineates salient characteristics of fake news. The second part of the article reveals some common semantic macrostructures of media fakes about the virus based on the analysis of social media posts and news articles. The third part of the article presents and describes the key strategies and tactics of manipulation and information distortion typical of fake news about the virus. The analysis reveals essential cognitive and pragmalinguistic components of coronavirus media fakes. The results of the undertaken research are relevant to further exploring other features of fake news and can be implemented as a guide for identifying fake news in order to reduce the mass addressee’s susceptibility to fakes.

scholarly journals CONSUMER MISBEHAVIOR IN TOURISM MARKET

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Marta Grybś-Kabocik
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Consumer Decisions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Preventive Actions

The activities of misbehaving customers represent a significant problem for organizations across diverse sectors and industries. Their need for satisfaction is the most important driver of consumer behavior with the consumer choosing how they fulfill this need. Unfortunately, consumer decisions often lead to consumer misbehavior and negative effects on the service provider or on other consumers. Consumer misbehavior is difficult to control. First, it is not always possible to prove misbehavior of a particular consumer. On the other hand, preventive actions, like social campaigns, may not always reach the target audience. Moreover, neither service provider regulations nor monitoring of infrastructure sufficiently prevents consumers from misbehaving in every case. It seems, however, that the consumers who reject the fraudulent behavior of others have a crucial role in the fight against consumer misbehavior, as they are constant observers of this phenomenon and can react immediately. The aim of this article, therefore, is to present the concept of consumer misbehavior with examples relating to the tourism market. Moreover, the attitudes of consumers towards consumer misbehavior are examined through nethnographic research.

scholarly journals Fake and Real News detection Using Python

2020 ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Fakhra Akhtar ◽  
Faizan Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Fake News ◽  
False Information ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Negative Attributes ◽  
Entire Dataset ◽  
F Measure

<p>In the digital age, fake news has become a well-known phenomenon. The spread of false evidence is often used to confuse mainstream media and political opponents, and can lead to social media wars, hatred arguments and debates.Fake news is blurring the distinction between real and false information, and is often spread on social media resulting in negative views and opinions. Earlier Research describe the fact that false propaganda is used to create false stories on mainstream media in order to cause a revolt and tension among the masses The digital rights foundation DRF report, which builds on the experiences of 152 journalists and activists in Pakistan, presents that more than 88 % of the participants find social media platforms as the worst source for information, with Facebook being the absolute worst. The dataset used in this paper relates to Real and fake news detection. The objective of this paper is to determine the Accuracy , precision , of the entire dataset .The results are visualized in the form of graphs and the analysis was done using python. The results showed the fact that the dataset holds 95% of the accuracy. The number of actual predicted cases were 296. Results of this paper reveals that The accuracy of the model dataset is 95.26 % the precision results 95.79 % whereas recall and F-Measure shows 94.56% and 95.17% accuracy respectively.Whereas in predicted models there are 296 positive attributes , 308 negative attributes 17 false positives and 13 false negatives. This research recommends that authenticity of news should be analysed first instead of drafting an opinion, sharing fake news or false information is considered unethical journalists and news consumers both should act responsibly while sharing any news.</p>

scholarly journals A family of falsehoods: Deception, media hoaxes and fake news

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri Finneman ◽  
Ryan J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
False Information ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
News Organizations ◽  
Information Spread ◽  
History Of

“Fake news” became a concern for journalists in 2017 as news organizations sought to differentiate themselves from false information spread via social media, websites and public officials. This essay examines the history of media hoaxing and fake news to help provide context for the current U.S. media environment. In addition, definitions of the concepts are proposed to provide clarity for researchers and journalists trying to explain these phenomena.

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