Epidemiological studies of the male reproductive potential: sperm quality as a marker of reproductive health

Urologiia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3_2020 ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
L.V. Osadchuk Osadchuk ◽  
A.V. Osadchuk Osadchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Epidemiological Studies

scholarly journals Mycotoxin exposure and adverse reproductive health outcomes in Africa: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.A. Eze ◽  
M.N. Routledge ◽  
F.E. Okonofua ◽  
J. Huntriss ◽  
Y.Y. Gong
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Foetal Development ◽  
Premature Thelarche ◽  
Increased Risk

It is well established that mycotoxin exposure can have adverse effects on reproductive health resulting to poor reproductive potential. The most studied mycotoxin in relation to poor reproductive health in humans is aflatoxin, although fumonisins, trichothecenes and zearalenone have also been reported to impair reproductive function and cause abnormal foetal development. These potent fungal toxins contaminate many food products making them a prominent agricultural, food safety and public health challenge, especially in Africa due to little or lack of mycotoxin regulation in agricultural products. Neonates can be exposed to aflatoxins in utero, as the toxins pass from mother to the foetus through the placenta. This exposure may continue during breast feeding, to the introduction of weaning foods, and then foods taken by adults. The consequences of aflatoxin exposure in mothers, foetus and children are many, including anaemia in pregnancy, low birth weight, interference with nutrient absorption, suppression of immune function, child growth retardation and abnormal liver function. In males, reports have indicated a possible relationship between aflatoxin exposure and poor sperm quality culminating in infertility. Maternal exposure to fumonisin during early pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of neural tube defects among newborns in regions where maize is the common dietary staple with the possibility of chronic fumonisin exposure. Furthermore, zearalenone has been linked to precocious puberty and premature thelarche in girls, correlating with extremely high serum oestrogen levels. This review presents an overview of the several reports linking aflatoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, and zearalenone exposure to poor reproductive health outcomes in Africa, with emphasis on birth outcomes, foetal health and infertility.

Modern approaches to the prevention and treatment of alterations in reproductive health in women with somatoform disorders and autonomic homeostasis

2016 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Vl.V. Podolsky ◽  
◽  
V.V. Podolsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Artificial Abortion

The objective: the developing of a system of preventive measures and principles of pregravid preparation for women with somatoform disorders and violation of autonomic homeostasis (VAH), in which observed changes in reproductive health (CRH) in the shape of states after undergoing artificial abortion, infertility and uterine fibroids. Patients and methods. Conducted clinical and epidemiological studies in the population of women of fertile age (WFA) allowed identifying for further examination of women with CRH in the form of state after undergoing artificial abortion, infertility and uterine fibroids in women with VAH. Further women were examined, in particular the conducted clinical and instrumental methods of research; determined the state of autonomic homeostasis and psycho emotional health of the biotopes of the organism, immunity; analyzed the hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle; performed genetic studies and determined the morphofunctional state of reproductive system. Results. The most frequent complications during pregnancy in women who had CRH in history in the form of abortions, infertility and uterine fibroids and in the background of the PAF, there was a threat of interruption of pregnancy (often in I and II trimester – 56%) and preterm delivery (21%). The study of the catamnesis of further reproductive health found that in the case of well-conducted therapeutic measures in women undergoing artificial abortion, had infertility and uterine leiomyoma in the background of VAH, restore reproductive function, and in 82% of cases occurred a pregnancy. Conclusion. The the provided study of reproductive health, and state of various organs and systems of fertile aged women with somatoform disorders and violations of the autonomic homeostasis allowed to develop preventive measures for these women and pregravid preparation with the inclusion to the therapy Magnesium and vitamins (Magne-В6®). Key words: somatoform disorders, violation of autonomic homeostasis, changes in reproductive health, prevention and treatment, women of fertile age, Magne-В6®.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and the reproductive system: known and the unknown..!!

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indu Sharma ◽  
Priti Kumari ◽  
Anuradha Sharma ◽  
Subhas Chandra Saha
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Close Monitoring

Abstract Background COVID-19 is the most recent zoonotic outbreak of coronaviruses. Mostly, it invades the cells of the respiratory system by binding to the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is also present in other organs like the kidney, testis, ovaries, breast, heart, and intestine, rendering them prone to be infected. The reproductive potential is a must for the sustenance of any species and it is our prime duty to safeguard the reproductive system of the present generation from such a deadly virus. The previously reported coronaviruses like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) had a detrimental impact on reproductive organs. There is a dearth of sufficient research to provide substantial evidence for the harmful effects of this novel virus on the reproductive system. Hence, our review compiles the knowledge available until now to boost research in this regard and to take the necessary steps in time. Main body of abstract Here we tried to compile all the data available on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the reproductive system as well as vertical transmission of the virus. All related articles published from February to August 2020 were reviewed and thoroughly analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 has been found to affect the sperm concentration and motility, thus degrading the fertility of males. In females, it is suspected that this virus affects the oocyte quality and ovarian function, resulting in infertility or miscarriage. Traces of SARS-CoV-2 virus have also been found in the breast milk of the infected mothers and the semen of infected males. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has also been reported in some cases. Conclusion Based on the literature review, SARS-CoV-2 seems to have the potential of affecting both male and female reproductive tracts. This review brings together the findings and observations made in the area of reproductive health during the current pandemic. The reproductive system of the young population is preordained for subsequent disorders, infertility, reduced sperm count, and motility. Therefore, the research and medical practices should focus on possible vulnerability being posed by SARS-CoV-2 to the gametes and future generations. We, hereby, recommend close monitoring of young and pregnant COVID-19 patients concerning reproductive health with utmost priority.

scholarly journals Gonadal development and reproductive hormones in infant boys

2006 ◽  
Vol 155 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S51-S57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina M Main ◽  
Jorma Toppari ◽  
Niels E Skakkebæk
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome

Background: The intrauterine milieu plays a crucial role for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in adulthood, but little is known about its impact on gonadal development and reproduction. Impaired testis development in fetal life can lead to cryptorchidism, hypospadias, impaired semen quality, and testicular cancer, disorders that may present symptoms of a testicular dysgenesis syndrome. The prevalence of these disorders appears to increase in many areas, probably due to environmental factors acting in utero. Denmark has a significantly higher incidence of testicular cancer and lower sperm quality than Finland. Methods: We conducted a population-based study of newborn boys from Denmark and Finland, in order to examine whether this geographic difference was reflected in the reproductive health of newborns. Results: Danish boys had a lower testis volume at birth, a smaller testis growth up to 18 months of age and lower serum inhibin B and FSH levels at 3 months than Finnish. Danish boys also had a higher prevalence of both cryptorchidism and hypospadias than Finnish boys. In boys with cryptorchidism and hypospadias subtle changes in hormonal levels occurred, towards increased gonadotropins and lower inhibin B in cryptorchidism. Both types of congenital malformations were more frequent in children born small for gestational age, indicative of a relationship between growth and reproductive development. Conclusions: These early postnatal findings suggest that the previously observed population differences in reproductive health between young Danish and Finnish men are of fetal origin. The differences may originate as a result of gene–environment interactions, where endocrine disrupters may also play a role.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Evidence Bisphenol A Exposure and Human Reproductive Health: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Tomas Jambor ◽  
Eva Kovacikova
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Human Reproductive

Infertility is widespread problem defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. One of the most notable factors causing this status is the exposure to environmental contaminants. It is now recognized that many contaminants present in the environment have the ability to interfere in the action of hormones and therefore are termed endocrine disruptors (EDs). Some of these compounds are present in nature, but the majority are artificial and released into the environment by the human activities without any prior knowledge of their impact on ecosystems, animal welfare, or wildlife and human health. Many epidemiological studies have reported a radical growth in the incidence of male infertility, accompanied by decreasing sperm quality, decline in spermatozoa motility, defect in Leydig cell morphology, insufficient activity of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. The similar situation was observed in female, when the increased risk for endometriosis, reproductive and other endocrine-related cancer, impaired oocytes, ovarian dysfunction, or irregular menstrual cycle was confirmed. All mentioned consequences have been associated with increasing concentration of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment. Humans are exposed to BPA not only through specific occupational circumstance, but nowadays more generally also from the ordinary day-to-day domestic and workplace lifestyles. Almost 3.4 million tons per year of BPA is used in a variety common product such as food packaging, household products, epoxy resins, dental sealants and many others. Under these endpoints, apprehensions about the reproductive dysfunctions associated with BPA action are unquestionable. In this review, we address the topic of BPA effects on reproductive function in males and females and emphasize its effects on overall health. A considerably more detailed and systematic research in EDs toxicology is required for a better understanding of risks associated with exposure to environmental toxicants.

scholarly journals Endocrine disruptive compounds and male reproduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Ješeta Michal ◽  
Chmelíková Eva ◽  
Crha Igor ◽  
Sedmíková Markéta ◽  
Žáková Jana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEndocrine disruptors (EDs) are chemical substances that affect physiological processes in the organism via hormonal regulation. The EDs are present in the environment and objects of everyday use. They are often detected in food, particularly released from packaging of canned food, but also from plastic water bottles, and they are also found in cosmetics and fertilizers. They are commonly detected in children's toys, banknotes, receipts and many more objects. Permanent and long-term utilization of EDs has harmful effects on human reproductive health mainly by interference with sex hormone synthesis and mechanism of action. The endocrine disruptors show many negative effects on male reproductive system. Any change during synthesis or activity of sex hormones can cause abnormal reproduction, including developmental anomalies of the sexual system, disruption of testicular development or deterioration of sperm quality. Mainly the impact on the development of testicles in prenatal and early postnatal period can be crucial for reproductive health in males. This review provides an overview of the EDs and their possible impact on reproductive health in males with focus on sperm quality and development of testicles.

scholarly journals Impact of Environmental and Lifestyle Use of Chromium on Male Fertility: Focus on Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara C. Pereira ◽  
Pedro F. Oliveira ◽  
Sónia Rodrigues Oliveira ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Pereira ◽  
Marco G. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Chromium Compounds ◽  
Male Reproductive Health

Male reproductive tissues are strongly susceptible to several environmental and lifestyle stressors. In general, male reproductive health is highly sensitive to oxidative stress, which results in reversible and/or irreversible changes in testosterone-producing cells, spermatogenesis, and sperm quality. Chromium compounds are widely used in the +3 and +6 valence states, as food supplements, and in the industrial field, respectively. Chromium (III) compounds, i.e., Cr(III)-tris-picolinate, [Cr(pic)3], known as chromium picolinate, are used as nutritional supplements for the control of diabetes, body weight, and muscular growth. However, previous studies showed that animal models exposed to chromium picolinate experienced degenerative changes in spermatogenesis. Contradictory results are documented in the literature and deserve discussion. Furthermore, the long-term effects of chromium picolinate on the antioxidant system of treated subjects have not been properly studied. Comprehensive studies on the role of this compound will help to establish the safe and useful use of chromium supplementation. On the other hand, chromium (VI) compounds are widely used in several industries, despite being well-known environmental pollutants (i.e., welding fumes). Chromium (VI) is known for its deleterious effects on male reproductive health as toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic. Previous studies have demonstrated severe lesions to mouse spermatogenesis after exposure to chromium (VI). However, workers worldwide are still exposed to hexavalent chromium, particularly in electronics and military industries. Data from the literature pinpoints mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by chromium compounds in somatic and germ cells that lead to apoptosis, thus underlining the impairment of fertility potential. In this review, we analyze the benefits and risks of chromium compounds on male fertility, as well as the mechanisms underlying (in)fertility outcomes. Although supplements with antioxidant properties may maximize male fertility, adverse effects need to be investigated and discussed.

scholarly journals Adverse reproductive health effects of exposure to chlorination disinfection by-products

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-144
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
By Products

Chlorination disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed when water is chlorinated and the organic matter in the water reacts with chlorine to form these by-products. There have been concerns about the potential health effects of these by-products, including cancer and reproductive effects. Here we have reviewed the literature on reproductive health effects. Epidemiological studies on neural tube defects, urinary tract defects and small for gestation age/intra growth retardation have shown the most consistent statistically significant associations with an index of DBPs, but generally the risk estimates are small. The interpretation of the studies is not straight forward because they may not be directly comparable because of differences in DBP mixtures, exposure categories and actually uptake of DBPs due to differences in e.g. ingestion rates, showering, bathing, and swimming. Only few specific DBPs have been studied and THMs have often been used as a marker for other DBPs, since they are often routinely available. Sample sizes, and therefore power, have at times been low, particularly when the population was split into exposure categories. Although most studies considered some confounders, (residual) confounding by other water contaminants or other factors related to water intake, cannot always be excluded. Case ascertainment, for outcomes such as spontaneous abortion and certain congenital anomalies is far from straight forward, and for the latter at times anomalies are lumped together with different aetiology, which may be inappropriate. Furthermore, as with many reproductive epidemiological, if the putative agent affects both early pregnancy loss and later birth outcomes such as congenital anomalies, interpretation of later birth outcomes may be more difficult.

scholarly journals Influence of the concentrations of essential and toxic elements in the blood serum on the indicators of sperm quality in Arabian purebred stallions

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
V. V. Kalashnikov ◽  
A. M. Zaitsev ◽  
M. M. Atroschenko ◽  
O. A. Zavyalov ◽  
A. N. Frolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Essential And Toxic Elements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Analysis of trace elements in blood serum can be an important tool for monitoring micronutrient supply in stallions in order to maintain reproductive health. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the concentrations of macro- and microelements in the blood serum of stud stallions with the qualitative characteristics of fresh sperm and sperm after cryopreservation and thawing. The studies were carried out on purebred Arabian stallions (n=50). As a biomaterial for studies, we used blood serum, fresh and thawed sperm after cryopreservation. The elemental composition of seminal plasma was determined by 25 chemical elements Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Se, Zn Ca, K, Mg, P, B, Li, Si, V Na, Ni, Sn, Hg, Sr, Al, As, Cd, Pb) by ICP-DRC-MS methods. It was found that the concentrations of Mg and Co in the blood serum positively correlate with the qualitative characteristics of the sperm of Arabian purebred stallions. Wherein, the optimal range of concentrations of Mg in the blood serum, typical for stallions with relatively high indicators of sperm quality, is 22.64 to 27.05 μg/g; Co – 0.001 to 0.0015 μg/g.

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