scholarly journals Study of Low-grade Chronic Inflammatory Markers in Men with Central Obesity: Cathepsin S was Correlated with Waist Circumference

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Adriana Todingrante ◽  
Mansyur Arif ◽  
Uleng Bahrun ◽  
Ferry Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cathepsin S ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Hs Crp

BACKGROUND: There is a prevalence increase of overweight and obesity in Indonesia. Central obesity can lead a variety of chronic diseases through the inflammatory process. There are some markers for low-grade chronic inflammatory, such as cathepsin S, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-1- beta (IL-1β). To our current interest that central obesity can lead to various chronic diseases through the inflammatory process, we conducted a study to investigate correlation of Cathepsin S, hs-CRP, IL-1β in men with central obesity.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Seventy-eight selected subjects were examined to collect anthropometric data and prepared for sample collection. Collected samples were processed for the following biochemical analyses: fasting glucose, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), cathepsin S, hs-CRP, and IL-1β. Data distribution and variable correlation were then statistically analyzed.RESULTS: There were significant correlations between waist circumference (WC) and cathepsin S (p=0.030; r=0.214), hs-CRP and cathepsin S (p=0.007; r=0.276), triglyceride and IL-1β (p=0.019; r=-0.235), WC and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p=0.003; r=-0.312), WC and fasting glucose (p=0.000; r=0.380), WC and body mass index (BMI) (p=0.000; r=0.708).CONCLUSION: Our study showed that cathepsin S was correlated with central obesity, suggesting that cathepsin S could be a potential inflammatory marker in central obesity in the future.KEYWORDS: obesity, inflammation, hs-CRP, cathepsin S, IL-1β, waist circumference

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Measures of Obesity, and Cardiometabolic Risk: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. McAuley ◽  
Haiying Chen ◽  
Duck-chul Lee ◽  
Enrique Garcia Artero ◽  
David A. Bluemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Ethnic Study

Background:The influence of higher physical activity on the relationship between adiposity and cardiometabolic risk is not completely understood.Methods:Between 2000–2002, data were collected on 6795 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants. Self-reported intentional physical activity in the lowest quartile (0–105 MET-minutes/week) was categorized as inactive and the upper three quartiles (123–37,260 MET-minutes/week) as active. Associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference categories, stratified by physical activity status (inactive or active) with cardiometabolic risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, upper quartile of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] for population, and impaired fasting glucose or diabetes) were assessed using logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and current smoking.Results:Among obese participants, those who were physically active had reduced odds of insulin resistance (47% lower; P < .001) and impaired fasting glucose/diabetes (23% lower; P = .04). These associations were weaker for central obesity. However, among participants with a normal waist circumference, those who were inactive were 63% more likely to have insulin resistance (OR [95% CI] 1.63 [1.24–2.15]) compared with the active reference group.Conclusions:Physical activity was inversely related to the cardiometabolic risk associated with obesity and central obesity.

scholarly journals Waist circumference in 6–12-year-old children: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (21_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Morten Fredriksen ◽  
Angelica Skår ◽  
Asgeir Mamen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Parental Education Level ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Aims: With overweight and obesity increasing worldwide, it has become ever more important to monitor the development and distribution of adiposity in children. This study investigated how the measurements of waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in children 6–12 years old relate to earlier studies. Methods: In 2015, 2271 children (boys, n = 1150) were measured for height, weight, and WC. Parental education level was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. Results: A significant increase in WC with age was revealed for both sexes ( p < .0001). Boys at 10 and 12 years had a larger WC than girls; otherwise no difference between sexes was found. The WHtR decreased with age for girls ( p < .0001); 14% of the sample displayed a WHtR ≥ 0.50. Comparison with earlier studies showed a higher WC and WHtR despite no change in weight and body mass index. Conclusion: WC and WHtR are recommended as tools for identifying central obesity in children. The results indicate increased WC in 6–12-year-old children compared with earlier findings.

scholarly journals Does the Interdependence between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Explain the Antioxidant Paradox?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Kumar Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Pathways ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress has been implicated in many chronic diseases. However, antioxidant trials are so far largely unsuccessful as a preventive or curative measure. Chronic low-grade inflammatory process, on the other hand, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely related pathophysiological processes, one of which can be easily induced by another. Thus, both processes are simultaneously found in many pathological conditions. Therefore, the failure of antioxidant trials might result from failure to select appropriate agents that specifically target both inflammation and oxidative stress or failure to use both antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents simultaneously or use of nonselective agents that block some of the oxidative and/or inflammatory pathways but exaggerate the others. To examine whether the interdependence between oxidative stress and inflammation can explain the antioxidant paradox we discussed in the present review the basic aspects of oxidative stress and inflammation and their relationship and dependence.

scholarly journals A Consideration of Biomarkers to be Used for Evaluation of Inflammation in Human Nutritional Studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (S1) ◽  
pp. S1-S34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Calder ◽  
N. Ahluwalia ◽  
R. Albers ◽  
N. Bosco ◽  
R. Bourdet-Sicard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Nutritional Studies

To monitor inflammation in a meaningful way, the markers used must be valid: they must reflect the inflammatory process under study and they must be predictive of future health status. In 2009, the Nutrition and Immunity Task Force of the International Life Sciences Institute, European Branch, organized an expert group to attempt to identify robust and predictive markers, or patterns or clusters of markers, which can be used to assess inflammation in human nutrition studies in the general population. Inflammation is a normal process and there are a number of cells and mediators involved. These markers are involved in, or are produced as a result of, the inflammatory process irrespective of its trigger and its location and are common to all inflammatory situations. Currently, there is no consensus as to which markers of inflammation best represent low-grade inflammation or differentiate between acute and chronic inflammation or between the various phases of inflammatory responses. There are a number of modifying factors that affect the concentration of an inflammatory marker at a given time, including age, diet and body fatness, among others. Measuring the concentration of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream under basal conditions is probably less informative compared with data related to the concentration change in response to a challenge. A number of inflammatory challenges have been described. However, many of these challenges are poorly standardised. Patterns and clusters may be important as robust biomarkers of inflammation. Therefore, it is likely that a combination of multiple inflammatory markers and integrated readouts based upon kinetic analysis following defined challenges will be the most informative biomarker of inflammation.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio as Predictors of Hypertension in Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Ifeyinwa B. Amamilo ◽  
Wilson E. Sadoh ◽  
Francis U. Iregbu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio ◽  
Childhood Hypertension ◽  
Hypertension In Children

Background: Childhood hypertension is a public health concern because of associated cardio-metabolic morbidities in adulthood. Overweight and obesity are main drivers and predictors of childhood hypertension. There is paucity of studies on waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) – measures of central obesity - as predictors of hypertension in children. The study was done to determine if WC and WHR predicts hypertension in children. Study Design:  The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Primary schools in Owerri Municipal Local Government Area (LGA), Imo State, Nigeria between September 2017 to April 2018. Methodology: 809 school children aged 6-12 years were recruited from three public and six private primary schools using multi-staged sampling method. Their blood pressure (BP), weight, height, hip circumference and WC were measured using standard techniques. The BMI and WHR were then calculated. Central obesity was defined as WC ≥90th percentile. The data were analyzed with IBM-SPSS 21. Results: The male female ratio was 1:1. The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension were 8.50% and 2.70% respectively. While those of overweight, obesity and central obesity were 5.10%, 5.90% and 10.10% respectively. WC significantly and positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) [r = 0.57, p = 0.0001] and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [r = 0.57, p = 0.0001]. WHR had a negative correlation with SBP and DBP [r = -0.33, p = 0.0001 in both cases]. Central obesity increased the odds of developing systolic and diastolic prehypertension/ hypertension by 9 and 8 folds respectively. Conclusion: Central obesity predicted prehypertension/hypertension in primary school children in this study and therefore can be used as screening tool in programs to prevent childhood obesity and hypertension.        

Abstract 14854: Optimal Cut-off Points of Waist Circumference for Detecting Central Obesity and Severe Central Obesity in Chinese Adults

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Wen ◽  
Jinzhuang Mai ◽  
Xiangmin Gao ◽  
Min Guo ◽  
Yong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Left Corner

Introduction: Given that no consensus has yet been reached over the optimal cut-off points of waist circumference (WC) for Chinese, this study aimed to determine the appropriate cut-off points of WC for detecting central obesity and severe central obesity in a Chinese adult population. Methods: Data from the cross-sectional survey of the PRC-USA Collaborative study of Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Epidemiology in 1993-1994 was used, including 10265 subjects (4921 men and 5344 women) aged 35-69 years. Each integer of WC in centimeters was used as the cut-off point to detect clustering of cardiovascular risk factors, which was defined as the presence of two or more risk factors among hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Based on the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the WC value corresponding to the point on the ROC curve nearest to the upper left corner of the ROC graph was considered the optimal cut-off for central obesity and the value corresponding to the point with specificity of 90% or more was considered the optimal cut-off for severe central obesity. Results: The optimal cut-off value of WC to detect clustering of risk factors was ≥84 cm for men and was ≥80 cm for women with the shortest distance to the upper left corner being 0.4304 and 0.4504, respectively. The cut-off values of WC with specificity above 90% were ≥93 cm and ≥91 cm for men and women respectively. Conclusions: These results were equal or similar to the WC cut-off points proposed by the Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Adults, i.e., ≥85/80 cm (men/women) for increased risk for obesity related diseases and ≥95/90 cm (men/women) for much higher risk. For practical reasons, WC≥85/80 cm and ≥95/90 cm (men/women) could be the optimal cut-off values for detecting central obesity and severe central obesity, respectively, in Chinese adult population.

scholarly journals Dietary fibre intake and its association with inflammatory markers in adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Olivia G. Swann ◽  
Monique Breslin ◽  
Michelle Kilpatrick ◽  
Therese A. O’Sullivan ◽  
Trevor A. Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Fibre Intake ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Weighted Analysis ◽  
Dietary Fibre Intake ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract A high dietary fibre intake has been associated with improvements in inflammatory conditions in adults. However, little is known on whether associations between dietary fibre and inflammation are evident during adolescence. We examined the relationship between dietary fibre intake measured by FFQ and the inflammatory marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the adipokines leptin and adiponectin cross-sectionally in 17-year-olds participating in the Raine Study (n 621). In weighted analysis using tobit and linear regression, and after excluding participants with hs-CRP > 10 mg/l, higher total dietary fibre intake (per 5 g/d) was significantly associated with lower leptin (β = –0·13, 95 % CI –0·17, –0·09) and adiponectin (β = –0·28, 95 % CI –0·49, –0·07), but not hs-CRP, in unadjusted analyses. These associations were no longer significant after adjustment for sex, anthropometry and a number of lifestyle factors. However, higher cereal and grain fibre intake was significantly associated with lower leptin (β = –0·06, 95 % CI –0·10, –0·01) in fully adjusted analysis. Our findings suggest that a higher intake of cereal and grain fibre may contribute to lower leptin in adolescents. This may contribute to reductions in low-grade chronic inflammation and improved health outcomes.

scholarly journals The Association of Serum Zinc with Biomarkers Related to Longevity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1474-1474
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pazos ◽  
Juan Liuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Florida International University

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study is to determine if there is an association between serum zinc and the possible biomarkers of longevity: ApoB, triglycerides, insulin, fasting glucose, Hba1c, and HS- CRP. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from 643 adult participants in a 2015–2016 NHANES study. Serum zinc concentrations were associated with ApoB, triglycerides, insulin, fasting glucose, Hba1c, and HSCRP using a multiple linear regression, adjusting for ethnicity/race, gender, waist circumference, BMI and age. Results The study consisted of 52% men and 48% woman. The mean age was 50 and the demographics were 17% Mexican American, 16% Other Hispanic, 35% White, 17% Black,12% Asian, and 3% Other Race. Serum zinc concentrations were inversely associated with HS- CRP (β = −.188, 95% CI −.003, −.001, P = .000) and positively associated with ApoB (β = .113, 95% CI .000, −.001, P = .010) in both men and women .When adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, BMI and waist circumference, the model remained significant (adjusted R2 = .059, P = .000). Conclusions HS- CRP is associated with lower concentrations of serum zinc while ApoB is associated with higher concentrations of serum zinc. Further research should be conducted to understand the interaction between zinc and longevity. Funding Sources The study was funded in part by internal funds of Florida International University.

Associations of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Young Adulthood with Later Life Incident Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Nair ◽  
Eric Vittinghoff ◽  
Mark J Pletcher ◽  
Elizabeth C Oelsner ◽  
Norrina B Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Incident Diabetes

Abstract Context The independent contribution of young adult exposure to overweight and obesity to later life incident diabetes is not well studied. Objective To assess the associations of exposures to elevated body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in young adulthood (ages 18 to 39 years) with incident diabetes later in life (≥40 years). Design Pooled data from six US prospective cohorts (ARIC, CARDIA, CHS, Framingham Offspring, Health ABC, MESA). Setting Population-based cohort studies. Participants 30,780 participants (56.1% female, 69.8% non-Hispanic White) without a diagnosis of diabetes by age 40. Interventions We imputed BMI and WC trajectories from age 18 for every participant and estimated time-weighted average exposures to BMI or WC during young adulthood and later life. Main Outcome Measure(s) Incident diabetes defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, non-fasting glucose ≥200 mg/dL, or use of diabetes medications. Results During a 9-year median follow-up, 4,323 participants developed incident diabetes. Young adult BMI and WC were associated with later life incident diabetes after controlling for later life exposures (hazard ratios [HR] 1.99 for BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 and 2.13 for WC &gt;88cm [women]/&gt;102cm [men] compared to normal ranges). Young adult homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) mediated 49% and 44% of the association between BMI and WC with later life incident diabetes. HDL and triglycerides mediated a smaller proportion of these associations. Conclusions Elevated BMI and WC during young adulthood were independently associated with later life incident diabetes. Insulin resistance appears to be a key mediator.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension, Diabetes, and Dyslipidemia among Adults in Northwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lin Qiu ◽  
Weihua Wang ◽  
Rina Sa ◽  
Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression

Objective. To understand the prevalence and its risk factors of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia among adults aged over 18 years in Northwest China and provide data for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in Northwest China. Methods. Three waves of survey on chronic diseases and nutrition monitoring with multistage stratified cluster random sampling were conducted in 10 counties of Northwest China in 2013, 2015, and 2018, respectively. Personal information, socioeconomic status (SES), and behavioral risk factors (cigarettes smoking, alcohol consumption, diets, and physical activity) were collected by face-to-face interview. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured, and blood glucose and serum lipid were tested. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia of the three waves was estimated, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze their risk factors. Results. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia was 41.59%, 11.16%, and 32.48%, respectively. Their standardized prevalence was 29.31%, 7.94%, and 31.54%. Univariate analysis showed that the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia was significantly different among educational levels, marital status, occupation, smoking, drinking, central obesity, and BMI classification ( P < 0.05 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors like male gender, central obesity, overweight, and obesity were associated with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia ( P < 0.05 ). High BMI index is one of the risk factors of the three diseases. The odds ratio (OR) of general overweight associated with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia was 1.663, 1.206, and 1.579 compared to normal body weight, respectively. And that was 3.094, 1.565, and 2.285 for obesity. Age was one of the risk factors for hypertension and diabetes ( P < 0.05 ). Age groups of 45–59 years and 60 years and above were more associated with hypertension than of 18–44 age group (OR45-59 group = 2.777, OR60 years and above = 6.948), similar to their association with diabetes (OR45-59 group = 2.357, OR60 years and above = 3.521). Daily smoking is associated with diabetes and dyslipidemia (OR for diabetes = 1.217, OR for dyslipidemia = 1.287) and alcohol drinking associated with hypertension and dyslipidemia (OR for hypertension = 1.014, OR fordyslipidemia = 1.034). Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were also associated with each other ( P < 0.05 ). The number of participants with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia accounted for 2.33% of all the participants, 15.60% for participants with hypertension and dyslipidemia, 4.58% for hypertension and diabetes, and 3.57% for diabetes and dyslipidemia, respectively. Conclusion. Factors like male, smoking, drinking, central obesity, overweight, and obesity were associated with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in northwest China. Interventions on these risk factors and coexistence of the three diseases may help improve public health in this area.

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