scholarly journals A Consideration of Biomarkers to be Used for Evaluation of Inflammation in Human Nutritional Studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (S1) ◽  
pp. S1-S34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Calder ◽  
N. Ahluwalia ◽  
R. Albers ◽  
N. Bosco ◽  
R. Bourdet-Sicard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Nutritional Studies

To monitor inflammation in a meaningful way, the markers used must be valid: they must reflect the inflammatory process under study and they must be predictive of future health status. In 2009, the Nutrition and Immunity Task Force of the International Life Sciences Institute, European Branch, organized an expert group to attempt to identify robust and predictive markers, or patterns or clusters of markers, which can be used to assess inflammation in human nutrition studies in the general population. Inflammation is a normal process and there are a number of cells and mediators involved. These markers are involved in, or are produced as a result of, the inflammatory process irrespective of its trigger and its location and are common to all inflammatory situations. Currently, there is no consensus as to which markers of inflammation best represent low-grade inflammation or differentiate between acute and chronic inflammation or between the various phases of inflammatory responses. There are a number of modifying factors that affect the concentration of an inflammatory marker at a given time, including age, diet and body fatness, among others. Measuring the concentration of inflammatory markers in the bloodstream under basal conditions is probably less informative compared with data related to the concentration change in response to a challenge. A number of inflammatory challenges have been described. However, many of these challenges are poorly standardised. Patterns and clusters may be important as robust biomarkers of inflammation. Therefore, it is likely that a combination of multiple inflammatory markers and integrated readouts based upon kinetic analysis following defined challenges will be the most informative biomarker of inflammation.

scholarly journals De novo ceramide synthesis is involved in acute inflammation during labor

2016 ◽  
Vol 397 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Signorelli ◽  
Laura Avagliano ◽  
Marta R. Reforgiato ◽  
Nadia Toppi ◽  
Josefina Casas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Labor Duration ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Ceramide Synthesis ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Membrane Components

Abstract Gestation is regulated by an inflammatory process that allows implantation and parturition. The comprehension of such inflammatory switches is important for the identification of therapeutic targets in pregnancy defects. Sphingolipids are a class of structural membrane components with important signaling functions. Among sphingolipids, ceramide is a well-known mediator of stress signals and pro-inflammatory responses. In this paper, we evaluated the association between ceramide increase and the inflammatory process of labor, comparing placentas from vaginal deliveries, including both spontaneous and induced labor, versus elective cesarean. We demonstrated that: (i) the inflammatory marker IL-6 is upregulated in labored placentas; (ii) IL-6 content inversely correlates with labor duration; (iii) ceramide content and expression of serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT, rate limiting enzyme for de novo ceramide synthesis) are increased in labored placentas; (iv) the expression of SPT directly correlates with inflammation and inversely with labor duration. These observations suggest that ceramide metabolism and signaling may be implicated in controlling important inflammatory mechanisms driving gestation: we hypothesize that ceramide can be a therapeutic target in inflammatory complications of parturition.

scholarly journals Effects of Acute Fructose Loading on Markers of Inflammation—A Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3110
Author(s):  
Camilla Olofsson ◽  
Monica Eriksson ◽  
Ann-Christin Bragfors Helin ◽  
Björn Anderstam ◽  
Nicola Orsini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Postprandial State ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule 1

Inflammation plays a role in development of diabetic complications. The postprandial state has been linked to chronic low grade inflammation. We therefore aimed to investigate the acute effects of fructose loading, with and without a pizza, on metabolic and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 7) and in healthy subjects (HS) (n = 6), age 47–76 years. Drinks consumed were blueberry drink (18 g fructose), Coca-Cola (17.5 g fructose), and fructose drink (35 g fructose). The levels of glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and inflammatory markers: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were analyzed in blood. The postprandial responses were assessed using Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs test, Friedman’s ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U test. There was no difference in baseline levels of inflammatory markers between the groups. In T2D, MCP-1 decreased following blueberry drink and Coca-Cola (p = 0.02), Coca-Cola + pizza and fructose + pizza (p = 0.03). In HS, IL-6 increased following blueberry + pizza and fructose + pizza (p = 0.03), there was a decrease in MCP-1 following blueberry drink and Coca-Cola (p = 0.03), and in ICAM-1 following blueberry + pizza (p = 0.03). These results may indicate a role for MCP-1 as a link between postprandial state and diabetes complications, however further mechanistic studies on larger population of patients with T2D are needed for confirmation of these results.

Abstract 5083: Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Low-Grade Inflammation in Middle-Aged Men and Women

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit J Arsenault ◽  
Amelie Cartier ◽  
Melanie Cote ◽  
Isabelle Lemieux ◽  
Angelo Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Inflammation Score

Background: Although low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and obesity are often associated with a deteriorated cardiometabolic risk profile including low-grade inflammation, the respective contributions of specific indices of body fat distribution and CRF to variation of inflammatory markers remains uncertain. We therefore sought to determine the respective contributions of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation and CRF to variation of inflammatory markers in middle-aged men and women. Methods and Results: A complete lipoprotein-lipid profile and circulating levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adiponectin were obtained and in a sample of healthy men (n=120) and women (n=152) covering a wide range of obesity values. VAT accumulation was measured by computed tomography and CRF levels were measured by a progressive submaximal physical working capacity test. In both men and women, VAT was positively associated with CRP and IL-6 levels (r≥0.35, p<0.0001), negatively associated with adiponectin (r≤ −0.29, p≤0.0003), after adjusting for CRF. After adjusting for VAT, CRF was not associated with variation in inflammatory markers in women and only with adiponectin in men (r= −0.20, p=0.03). An inflammation score was developed based on the sex-specific 50 th percentile values of each inflammatory marker (0 or 1) which yielded a score ranging from 0 (low) to 4 (high). Participants who scored 0, 1 or 2 were considered as having a low score and participants who scored 3 or 4 had an elevated inflammation score. In participants with low VAT (<130cm 2 for men and <100cm 2 for women), the prevalence of participants with an elevated inflammation score was of 23.9% and of 28.0%, respectively for participants with high and low CRF, whereas in participants with an elevated VAT accumulation, the prevalence of an elevated inflammation score was of 60.0% and of 61.7%, respectively for high and low CRF. Conclusions: These results suggest that the inflammatory state associated with low CRF is largely attributable to the increased VAT accumulation often observed in poorly fit individuals.

scholarly journals Study of Low-grade Chronic Inflammatory Markers in Men with Central Obesity: Cathepsin S was Correlated with Waist Circumference

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Adriana Todingrante ◽  
Mansyur Arif ◽  
Uleng Bahrun ◽  
Ferry Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cathepsin S ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Hs Crp

BACKGROUND: There is a prevalence increase of overweight and obesity in Indonesia. Central obesity can lead a variety of chronic diseases through the inflammatory process. There are some markers for low-grade chronic inflammatory, such as cathepsin S, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-1- beta (IL-1β). To our current interest that central obesity can lead to various chronic diseases through the inflammatory process, we conducted a study to investigate correlation of Cathepsin S, hs-CRP, IL-1β in men with central obesity.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Seventy-eight selected subjects were examined to collect anthropometric data and prepared for sample collection. Collected samples were processed for the following biochemical analyses: fasting glucose, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), cathepsin S, hs-CRP, and IL-1β. Data distribution and variable correlation were then statistically analyzed.RESULTS: There were significant correlations between waist circumference (WC) and cathepsin S (p=0.030; r=0.214), hs-CRP and cathepsin S (p=0.007; r=0.276), triglyceride and IL-1β (p=0.019; r=-0.235), WC and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p=0.003; r=-0.312), WC and fasting glucose (p=0.000; r=0.380), WC and body mass index (BMI) (p=0.000; r=0.708).CONCLUSION: Our study showed that cathepsin S was correlated with central obesity, suggesting that cathepsin S could be a potential inflammatory marker in central obesity in the future.KEYWORDS: obesity, inflammation, hs-CRP, cathepsin S, IL-1β, waist circumference

018 The Role of Inflammatory Markers in Sleep in Individuals Post-Myocardial Infarction

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A9-A9
Author(s):  
Sophie Hirsch ◽  
Jane Gaultney ◽  
Patricia Crane
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Post Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Abstract Introduction Despite positive secondary prevention strategies post myocardial infarction (MI), including statin use and lifestyle changes, 32% of the annual MIs are recurrent (MIR). As coronary heart disease is related to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory process, and sleep is associated with cardiovascular disease and innate immunity, understanding the role of sleep and inflammation and MIR is important in developing interventions to improve sleep, reduce inflammation, and delay or prevent MIR. This study aimed to explore the role of sleep quality and inflammatory markers on MIRs. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data of individuals (N=156) having at least one or more MIs within the last 3 to 7 years. Using the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis model (Irwin, 2019), we tested sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) predicting MIR, using inflammatory markers (hs C-Reactor Protein [CRP], Interleukin-1ß [IL-1ß] and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha [TNFα]) as the simultaneous indirect paths. Race, sex and body mass index (BMI) were also examined using moderated mediation. Results The sample ranged in age from 34 to 92 (M = 65.37, SD = 12.13), BMI averaged 31.11 (SD = 7.34), and was comprised of mostly male (57.1%) and White adults (67.9%). PSQI predicted only IL-1ß (ß= .02; p &lt; .01). IL-1ß predicted MIR (ß = .80, p = .05). The direct effect of PSQI to MIR was not significant (p =.12), the indirect path via IL-1ß was. This relationship was not moderated by race, sex, nor BMI. Conclusion IL-1ß is an inflammatory marker elevated after acute MI which does not reflect our selected sample. Inflammation may be an important marker of risk for MIR in those with poor sleep quality. Future studies should examine other markers of inflammation and sleep in those with MIR. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Inverse Relationship of theCMKLR1Relative Expression and Chemerin Serum Levels in Obesity with Dysmetabolic Phenotype and Insulin Resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda-Isadora Corona-Meraz ◽  
Rosa-Elena Navarro-Hernández ◽  
Sandra-Luz Ruíz-Quezada ◽  
Perla-Monserrat Madrigal-Ruíz ◽  
Jorge Castro-Albarrán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fat Storage

Background. In obesity there is a subclinical chronic low-grade inflammatory response where insulin resistance (IR) may develop. Chemerin is secreted in white adipose tissue and promotes low-grade inflammatory process, where it expressedCMKLR1receptor. The role of chemerin andCMKLR1in inflammatory process secondary to obesity is not defined yet.Methods. Cross-sectional study with 134 individuals classified as with and without obesity by body mass index (BMI) and IR. Body fat storage measurements and metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured by routine methods. Soluble chemerin and basal levels of insulin by ELISA and relative expression ofCMKLR1were evaluated with qPCR and2-ΔΔCTmethod.Results. Differences (P<0.05) were observed between obesity and lean individuals in body fat storage measurements and metabolic-inflammatory markers. BothCMKLR1expression and chemerin levels were increased in obesity without IR. Soluble chemerin levels correlate with adiposity and metabolic markers (r=8.8% to 38.5%),P<0.05.Conclusion. The increment ofCMKLR1expression was associated with insulin production. Increased serum levels of chemerin in obesity were observed, favoring a dysmetabolic response. The results observed in this study suggest that both chemerin andCMKLR1have opposite expression in the context of low-grade inflammatory response manifested in the development of IR.

scholarly journals Relation of inflammatory marker trajectories with frailty and aging in a 20-year longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Daniël Samson ◽  
Anne-Marie Buisman ◽  
José A. Ferreira ◽  
H. Susan J. Picavet ◽  
W. M. Monique Verschuren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Study Endpoint ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Multivariate Prediction ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Over Time

AbstractLittle is known about the development of low-grade inflammation with age and its relationship with the onset of frailty. In this exploratory study, we investigated 18 inflammatory markers measured in blood of 148 individuals aged 65-75 years at study endpoint, collected over 20 years at five-year intervals. IFNγ- and platelet activation markers changed in synchrony over time. Chronically elevated levels of IL-6-related markers, such as CRP and sIL-6R, were associated with frailty and becoming frail over time,, poorer lung function or less physical strength. Overweight was a possible driver of these associations. More and stronger associations were detected in women, such as between increasing sCD14 levels and frailty, indicating possible monocyte overactivation. Multivariate prediction of frailty showed low accuracy but confirmed the main results. In summary, we documented 20-year temporal changes in and between inflammatory markers in an aging population, and related these to clinically relevant health outcomes.

scholarly journals No Association Between Markers of Inflammation and Osteoarthritis of the Hands and Knees

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1665-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN C. VLAD ◽  
TUHINA NEOGI ◽  
PIRAN ALIABADI ◽  
JOÃO D.T. FONTES ◽  
DAVID T. FELSON
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Original Cohort ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Kellgren And Lawrence ◽  
Blood Specimens

Objective.Local inflammation plays a prominent role in osteoarthritis (OA). This could be reflected in the presence of elevated soluble inflammatory markers. We conducted analyses to assess the association of inflammatory markers with radiographic OA of the hands and knees in a large community-based cohort.Methods.The Framingham Offspring cohort consists of the adult children of the original cohort and their spouses. In 1998–2001 these subjects provided blood specimens that were tested for 17 markers of systemic inflammation. In 2002–2005 these subjects had radiographs of both knees and hands. Each hand and knee joint was assigned a Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) score (0–4). We used logistic regression with generalized estimating equations and adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index to examine the association between each inflammatory marker and the presence of radiographic OA (ROA = KL grade ≥ 2) in any joint. We also constructed models for hand joints and knee joints alone.Results.Radiographs and measures of inflammation were done for 1235 subjects (56% women, mean age 65 yrs). Of that group, 729 subjects (59%) had ROA in ≥ 1 hand or knee joint: 179 (14.3%) had knee OA, and 694 (56.2%) had hand OA. There were no significant associations between any marker of inflammation and ROA.Conclusion.In this large sample, in which OA was carefully assessed and multiple markers measured, we found no evidence of an association between any inflammatory marker and the presence of radiographic OA.

The Inflammation Network in the Pathogenesis of Erectile Dysfunction: Attractive Potential Therapeutic Targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (32) ◽  
pp. 3955-3972
Author(s):  
Ecem Kaya-Sezginer ◽  
Serap Gur
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Attractive Potential ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an evolving health problem in the aging male population. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a critical component of ED pathogenesis and a probable intermediate stage of endothelial dysfunction, especially in metabolic diseases, with the inclusion of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Objective: This review will present an overview of preclinical and clinical data regarding common inflammatory mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ED associated with metabolic diseases and the effect of antiinflammatory drugs on ED. Methods: A literature search of existing pre-clinical and clinical studies was performed on databases [Pubmed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Embase] from January 2000 to October 2019. Results: Low-grade inflammation is a possible pathological role in endothelial dysfunction as a consequence of ED and other related metabolic diseases. Increased inflammation and endothelial/prothrombotic markers can be associated with the presence and degree of ED. Pharmacological therapy and modification of lifestyle and risk factors may have a significant role in the recovery of erectile response through reduction of inflammatory marker levels. Conclusion: Inflammation is the least common denominator in the pathology of ED and metabolic disorders. The inflammatory process of ED includes a shift in the complex interactions of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. These data have established that anti-inflammatory agents could be used as a therapeutic opportunity in the prevention and treatment of ED. Further research on inflammation-related mechanisms underlying ED and the effect of therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing inflammation is required for a better understanding of the pathogenesis and successful management of ED.

scholarly journals P040 An unusual case of giant cell arteritis

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Ellis ◽  
Keziah Austin ◽  
Sarah Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Temporal Arteritis ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Temporal Artery ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Temporal Artery Biopsy ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background/Aims  A 49-year-old female of Nepalese heritage was referred with right-sided headache, scalp tenderness, and a painful swelling overlying the right temple. She denied any visual or claudicant symptoms but felt systemically unwell with a fever. There were no symptoms suggestive of an inflammatory arthritis, underlying connective tissue disease or vasculitis. She was normally fit and well with no past medical history. She did not take any regular medications and denied using over the counter or illicit drugs or recent travel. On review she had a low grade fever. There was a large tender, erythematous swelling overlying the right temple. Bilaterally the temporal arteries were palpable and pulsatile. Peripheral pulses were normal with no bruits. There was no evidence of shingles (HSV) or local infection. Full systemic examination revealed no other abnormalities. Laboratory tests showed: PV 2.56, CRP 101, total white cell count 14.38 (eosinophils 0.4), albumin 33, Hb 115. Urine dip was normal. Renal function, liver function and immunoglobulins were normal. ANCA was negative. Hypoechogenicity surrounding the right frontal branch of the right temporal artery was seen on ultrasound. There were no discrete masses suggestive of cysts, abscess or tumours. Temporal artery biopsy confirmed the presence of vasculitis; histology demonstrated transmural lymphohistiocytic inflammation, disruption of the elastic lamina and intimal proliferation. Prednisolone was started at 40mg daily. Four weeks after initially presenting she was asymptomatic and her inflammatory markers had normalised. Methods  The case is discussed below. Results  Temporal arteritis, or GCA, is primarily a disease of older adults; with age 50 often used as an inclusion criteria, and is more common in Caucasian populations. Limited reports exist of GCA in younger cohorts, but these are rare. An important differential in younger patients, such as ours, is juvenile temporal arteritis. This rare localised vasculitis affects almost exclusively the temporal artery. It is typically a disease of young males, who present with non-tender temporal swelling. Systemic symptoms are unusual and inflammatory markers are normal. Clinical or laboratory evidence of organ involvement, peripheral eosinophilia or fibrinoid necrosis on histology should prompt consideration of an AAV or PAN. Incidence of GCA increases in correlation with Northern latitude, with highest rates reported in Scandinavian and North American populations. GCA is rare in Asian populations. Higher diagnostic rates in countries where physicians have increased awareness of GCA proposed as an explanation for this difference; however differences in incidence are still observed between Asian and Caucasian populations presenting to the same healthcare providers. Conclusion  GCA is an uncommon diagnosis in younger and non-Caucasian patients. Thorough investigation through ultrasound and biopsy helped increase our diagnostic confidence in this unusual case. Rheumatologists must be alert to atypical presentations in order to deliver prompt and potentially sight-saving treatment. Disclosure  J. Ellis: None. K. Austin: None. S. Emerson: None.

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