scholarly journals Chronodisruption and Obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Anna Meiliana ◽  
Nurrani Mustika Dewi ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Circadian Expression ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

BACKGROUND: Attempts to understand the causes of obesity and develop new therapeutic strategies have mostly focused on caloric intake and energy expenditure. Recent studies have shown that the circadian clock controls energy homeostasis by regulating circadian expression and/or activity of enzymes, hormones, and transport systems involved in metabolism. Moreover, disruption of circadian rhythms leads to obesity and metabolic disorders.CONTENT:Regularly alternating periods of light and darkness, such as normally occur with the rising and the setting of the sun, are essential for the maintenance of undisturbed circadian rhythms in all organisms including humans. The light-dark environment, as detected by specialized photoreceptors in the retinas, impacts the endogenous circadian clock in the anterior hypothalamus, the suprachiasmatic nuclei. These nuclei, via both neural and humoral signals, communicate with cells throughout the organism to establish regular circadian rhythms. The introduction of artificial sources of light roughly 150 years ago has significantly undermined the naturally occurring light-dark environment and, likewise, has disturbed circadian rhythms since light is now available at unusual times, i.e., at night. Light at night is known to cause circadian disruption and melatonin suppression. Many potentially pathophysiological consequences of these artificial light-mediated changes, include cancer, cardiovascular diseases, insomnia, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cognitive disorders may be aggravated by the increased exposure to light at night, which is inevitable in well-developed societies that have undergone extensive electrification.SUMMARY: Therefore, it is plausible that resetting of the circadian clock can be used as a new approach to attenuate obesity. Feeding regimens, such as restricted feeding, calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, provide a time cue and reset the circadian clock and lead to better health. In contrast, high-fat diet leads to disrupted circadian expression of metabolic factors and obesity.KEYWORDS: obesity, circadian clock, metabolism, chronodisruption

scholarly journals Circadian Rhythms and Obesity in Mammals

ISRN Obesity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Froy
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Circadian Expression ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

Obesity has become a serious public health problem and a major risk factor for the development of illnesses, such as insulin resistance and hypertension. Attempts to understand the causes of obesity and develop new therapeutic strategies have mostly focused on caloric intake and energy expenditure. Recent studies have shown that the circadian clock controls energy homeostasis by regulating the circadian expression and/or activity of enzymes, hormones, and transport systems involved in metabolism. Moreover, disruption of circadian rhythms leads to obesity and metabolic disorders. Therefore, it is plausible that resetting of the circadian clock can be used as a new approach to attenuate obesity. Feeding regimens, such as restricted feeding (RF), calorie restriction (CR), and intermittent fasting (IF), provide a time cue and reset the circadian clock and lead to better health. In contrast, high-fat (HF) diet leads to disrupted circadian expression of metabolic factors and obesity. This paper focuses on circadian rhythms and their link to obesity.

scholarly journals The influence of circadian rhythms and aerobic glycolysis in autism spectrum disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Vallée ◽  
Yves Lecarpentier ◽  
Rémy Guillevin ◽  
Jean-Noël Vallée
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Circadian Expression ◽  
Canonical Wnt

AbstractIntellectual abilities and their clinical presentations are extremely heterogeneous in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The main causes of ASD remain unclear. ASD is frequently associated with sleep disorders. Biologic rhythms are complex systems interacting with the environment and controlling several physiological pathways, including brain development and behavioral processes. Recent findings have shown that the deregulation of the core clock neurodevelopmental signaling is correlated with ASD clinical presentation. One of the main pathways involved in developmental cognitive disorders is the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. Circadian clocks have a main role in some tissues by driving circadian expression of genes involved in physiologic and metabolic functions. In ASD, the increase of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is enhancing by the dysregulation of circadian rhythms. ASD progression is associated with a major metabolic reprogramming, initiated by aberrant WNT/β-catenin pathway, the aerobic glycolysis. This review focuses on the interest of circadian rhythms dysregulation in metabolic reprogramming in ASD through the aberrant upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway.

THE ESSENCE OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONGTAO MIN
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
New Model ◽  
Yin Yang

Current model for circadian rhythms is wrong both theoretically and practically. A new model, called yin yang model, is proposed to explain the mechanism of circadian rhythms. The yin yang model separate circadian activities in a circadian system into yin (night activities) and yang (day activities) and a circadian clock into a day clock and a night clock. The day clock is the product of night activities, but it promotes day activities; the night clock is the product of day activities, but it promotes night activities. The clock maintains redox or energy homeostasis of the internal environment and allows temporal separations between biological processes with opposite impacts on the internal environment of a circadian system.

scholarly journals Late-life intermittent fasting decreases aging-related frailty and increases renal hydrogen sulfide production in a sexually dimorphic manner

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko O. Henderson ◽  
Nazmin Bithi ◽  
Christopher Link ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Rebecca Schugar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Multiple Components

AbstractGlobal average life expectancy continues to rise. As aging increases the likelihood of frailty, which encompasses metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive deficits, there is a need for effective anti-aging treatments. It is well established in model organisms that dietary restriction (DR), such as caloric restriction or protein restriction, enhances health and lifespan. However, DR is not widely implemented in the clinic due to patient compliance and its lack of mechanistic underpinnings. Thus, the present study tested the effects of a somewhat more clinically applicable and adoptable DR regimen, every-other-day (EOD) intermittent fasting, on frailty in 20-month-old male and female C57BL/6 mice. Frailty was determined by a series of metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive tasks performed prior to and toward the end of the 2.5-month dietary intervention. Late-life EOD fasting attenuated overall energy intake, hypothalamic inflammatory gene expression, and frailty in males. However, it failed to reduce overall caloric intake and had a little positive effect in females. Given that the selected benefits of DR are dependent on augmented production of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and that renal H2S production declines with age, we tested the effects of EOD fasting on renal H2S production capacity and its connection to frailty in males. EOD fasting boosted renal H2S production, which positively correlated with improvements in multiple components of frailty tasks. Therefore, late-life initiated EOD fasting is sufficient to reduce aging-related frailty, at least in males, and suggests that renal H2S production capacity may modulate the effects of late-life EOD fasting on frailty.

scholarly journals Impacts of home lighting on human health

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-475
Author(s):  
C Ticleanu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Areas Of Concern

Typical home lighting practice is mainly centred on visual aspects to enable safe movement between spaces, flexibility in multiuse spaces, a sense of aesthetics and energy efficiency. Whilst lighting impacts on the health of residents have not received similar consideration, this area is gaining increasing interest. This is even more important and actual in the context of the recent pandemic where people have been working or studying from home. A combination of bright daytime light and night-time darkness is essential for circadian entrainment and maintenance of a regular daily sleep–wake cycle, whereas exposure to light at night can negatively impact circadian rhythms and sleep patterns and ultimately lead to potential health problems. Additionally, lighting also has the potential to affect health through associated effects such as flicker, glare, optical hazards or electromagnetic fields. This article discusses the main areas of concern related to home lighting and outlines general recommendations to limit detrimental effects and contribute to good health.

scholarly journals Analysis of Both Lipid Metabolism and Endocannabinoid Signaling Reveals a New Role for Hypothalamic Astrocytes in Maternal Caloric Restriction-Induced Perinatal Programming

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6292
Author(s):  
Rubén Tovar ◽  
Antonio Vargas ◽  
Jesús Aranda ◽  
Lourdes Sánchez-Salido ◽  
Laura González-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Nutritional Programming ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Induced Changes

Maternal malnutrition in critical periods of development increases the risk of developing short- and long-term diseases in the offspring. The alterations induced by this nutritional programming in the hypothalamus of the offspring are of special relevance due to its role in energy homeostasis, especially in the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is involved in metabolic functions. Since astrocytes are essential for neuronal energy efficiency and are implicated in brain endocannabinoid signaling, here we have used a rat model to investigate whether a moderate caloric restriction (R) spanning from two weeks prior to the start of gestation to its end induced changes in offspring hypothalamic (a) ECS, (b) lipid metabolism (LM) and/or (c) hypothalamic astrocytes. Monitorization was performed by analyzing both the gene and protein expression of proteins involved in LM and ECS signaling. Offspring born from caloric-restricted mothers presented hypothalamic alterations in both the main enzymes involved in LM and endocannabinoids synthesis/degradation. Furthermore, most of these changes were similar to those observed in hypothalamic offspring astrocytes in culture. In conclusion, a maternal low caloric intake altered LM and ECS in both the hypothalamus and its astrocytes, pointing to these glial cells as responsible for a large part of the alterations seen in the total hypothalamus and suggesting a high degree of involvement of astrocytes in nutritional programming.

scholarly journals Circadian Rhythm: Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Andy W. C. Man ◽  
Huige Li ◽  
Ning Xia
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Every organism has an intrinsic biological rhythm that orchestrates biological processes in adjusting to daily environmental changes. Circadian rhythms are maintained by networks of molecular clocks throughout the core and peripheral tissues, including immune cells, blood vessels, and perivascular adipose tissues. Recent findings have suggested strong correlations between the circadian clock and cardiovascular diseases. Desynchronization between the circadian rhythm and body metabolism contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases including arteriosclerosis and thrombosis. Circadian rhythms are involved in controlling inflammatory processes and metabolisms, which can influence the pathology of arteriosclerosis and thrombosis. Circadian clock genes are critical in maintaining the robust relationship between diurnal variation and the cardiovascular system. The circadian machinery in the vascular system may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The research on circadian rhythms in cardiovascular diseases is still progressing. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies on circadian rhythms and cardiovascular homeostasis, focusing on the circadian control of inflammatory processes and metabolisms. Based on the recent findings, we discuss the potential target molecules for future therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases by targeting the circadian clock.

scholarly journals Cryptochromes regulate IGF-1 production and signaling through control of JAK2-dependent STAT5B phosphorylation

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amol Chaudhari ◽  
Richa Gupta ◽  
Sonal Patel ◽  
Nikkhil Velingkaar ◽  
Roman Kondratov
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Circadian Control ◽  
Cell Growth And Proliferation ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Igf Signaling

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling plays an important role in cell growth and proliferation and is implicated in regulation of cancer, metabolism, and aging. Here we report that IGF-1 level in blood and IGF-1 signaling demonstrates circadian rhythms. Circadian control occurs through cryptochromes (CRYs)—transcriptional repressors and components of the circadian clock. IGF-1 rhythms are disrupted in Cry-deficient mice, and IGF-1 level is reduced by 80% in these mice, which leads to reduced IGF signaling. In agreement, Cry-deficient mice have reduced body (∼30% reduction) and organ size. Down-regulation of IGF-1 upon Cry deficiency correlates with reduced Igf-1 mRNA expression in the liver and skeletal muscles. Igf-1 transcription is regulated through growth hormone–induced, JAK2 kinase–mediated phosphorylation of transcriptional factor STAT5B. The phosphorylation of STAT5B on the JAK2-dependent Y699 site is significantly reduced in the liver and skeletal muscles of Cry-deficient mice. At the same time, phosphorylation of JAK2 kinase was not reduced upon Cry deficiency, which places CRY activity downstream from JAK2. Thus CRYs link the circadian clock and JAK-STAT signaling through control of STAT5B phosphorylation, which provides the mechanism for circadian rhythms in IGF signaling in vivo.

Circadian clock precision, health, and longevity

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
D. G. Gubin ◽  
◽  
S. N. Kolomeichuk ◽  
D. Weinert ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Precision Health ◽  
Lower Morbidity

An accurate circadian clock, associated with the precise intrinsic period, tau, can be linked with a definite chronotype and health status. Exemplified by different animal species, and, as we argue herein, may as well be in humans, endogenous tau close enough to 24 hours is associated with higher life expectancy, lower morbidity, and is possibly adhered to moderate morning chronotype. Accurate circadian tau facilitates maintaining a high amplitude of circadian rhythms, a phenotypic trait that is related to health and longevity. Some genetic factors that coordinate tau and ensure circadian clock precision is considered.

PEPTIDE REGULATES HUMAN CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS GENES EXPRESSION DURING PINEAL GLAND ACCELERATED AGING

2020 ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
О. М. Ивко ◽  
Н. С. Линькова ◽  
А. Р. Ильина ◽  
А. А. Шарова ◽  
Г. А. Рыжак
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Circadian Genes ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Genes Expression

Ночная работа приводит к десинхронизации биоритмов, нарушению мелатонинобразующей функции и ускоренному старению эпифиза человека. Одним из перспективных геропротекторов, восстанавливающих синтез эпифизарного мелатонина, является пептид AEDG ( Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly ). Последний в 1,7 раза повышает экскрецию 6-сульфатоксимелатонина в моче людей среднего возраста, у которых этот показатель исходно снижен. Кроме того, у людей со сниженной мелатонинобразующей функцией эпифиза, пептид AEDG нормализует повышенную экспрессию циркадных генов Clock и Csnk 1 e в лейкоцитах и в 2 раза повышает сниженную экспрессию гена Cry 2 в лимфоцитах крови. В основе геропротекторного эффекта пептида AEDG лежит его способность восстанавливать мелатонинобразующую функцию эпифиза через регуляцию экспрессии часовых генов человека. Night work provides biorhythms desynchronization, disorder of melatonin-producing function and accelerated pineal gland aging. One of the promising geroprotectors restoring the pineal melatonin synthesis is the AEDG ( Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly ) peptide. AEDG peptide increases in 1,7 times the 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SOMT) excretion in the urine of middle-aged people. Moreover, AEDG peptide normalized circadian Clock and Csnk1e genes hyper expression in leukocytes in 1,9-2,1 times and increases the Cry 2 gene hypo expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes in 2 times in people with reduced melatonin-producing epiphysis function. The geroprotective effect of the AEDG peptide is based on its ability to restore the epiphysis melatonin-producing function by means regulation of human circadian genes expression.

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