scholarly journals Vegetable growing is one of the priority directions of agricultural production

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
V. F. Pivovarov ◽  
A. V. Soldatenko ◽  
O. N. Pyshnaya ◽  
S. M. Nadezhkin ◽  
L. K. Gurkina

In recent years, in the agricultural sector there is a tendency to increase the production of crop products. However, its quality is still not high enough. To improve the situation in the vegetable growing industry, an important place is given to improving breeding and seed production, since the variety and high-quality seeds are the main elements of modern crop cultivation zonal technologies. At the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” (FSBSI FSVC), vegetable crop breeding has been put on the innovative path of development, where modern methods are used along with classical ones: molecular markers on the main of economical important plant determinants, accelerated creation of homogeneous lines using the methods of doubled haploids and biotechnology of functional products for healthy nutrition. As a result of purposeful selection work, domestic varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops with fundamentally new qualities were created. The geographical location of the branches of the Center allows you to create breeding achievements for all potential regions of vegetable growing. In 2019, 36 varieties and hybrids of vegetables and melon crops were created, including cabbage, carrot, tomato, onion, onion Shallot, perennial onion, garlic, peas, bean, cowpea, pumpkin, cucumber, sugar corn, green vegetables culture, spicy-flavouring plant and floral crops. In order to provide the industry with pure-grade quality seed material and increase the productivity of crops due to the full use of the potential of the variety in the FSBSI FSVC, constant work is carried out in primary seed production. Zonal cultivation technologies have been developed that will allow growing domestic products in different soil and climatic conditions of the country. Wide introduction of achievements of the Russian vegetable growing science in agricultural production is capable to provide the population of the Russian Federation with high-quality, domestic production.

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
V. F. Pivovarov ◽  
A. V. Soldatenko ◽  
O. N. Pyshnaya ◽  
L. K. Gurkina

The article reflects the issues of the current state of scientific research at the FSBSI FSVC, shows the directions and prospects for the development of selection and seed production of vegetable crops. The main mission of the selection and seed-growing work of the FSVC is the creation and reproduction of varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops of a new generation, characterized by resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors, high productivity and product quality. One of the main ways to increase the efficiency of the breeding process is the use of modern methods of biotechnology and molecular genetics, which make it possible to obtain new genotypes and reduce the time of breeding. Success has been achieved in the creation of homozygous lines of cabbage, squash, cucumber, carrots. For the first time, it was possible to complete a full cycle of obtaining doubled radish haploids in microspore culture in vitro. The institution pays special attention to immunological research on the resistance of crops and new varieties to diseases, as well as protecting plants from pests and diseases. Phytosanitary monitoring, assessment and selection of resistant genotypes are carried every years. One of the important theoretical and practical problems solved at the institution is the development of environmentally friendly products based on preparations obtained from plants with a high content of biologically active compounds with adaptogenic properties. In the center, a new direction of research in traditional breeding has received significant development - the creation of varieties of vegetable plants with an increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants, on the basis of which functional products are created. The persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of table carrots, depending on the biochemical composition, has been studied. Methods for enriching vegetable plants with micronutrients are being developed. A large amount of scientific research is being carried out on the development of technologies for the cultivation of new varieties and hybrids, as well as technologies for their seed production. At the branches located in different soil and climatic conditions, hospitals were established to study the interaction of factors controlling soil fertility and the productivity of vegetable crops in agrocenoses (crop rotation, soil treatment systems, fertilizers and plant protection). In general, at the FSBSI FSVC, all research is aimed at developing and improving methods in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, creating new breeding achievements and developing varietal technologies for their cultivation.


Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Marinos Markou ◽  
Anastasios Michailidis ◽  
Efstratios Loizou ◽  
Stefanos A. Nastis ◽  
Dimitra Lazaridou ◽  
...  

Agriculture is highly dependent on climate change, and Cyprus especially is experiencing its impacts on agricultural production to a greater extent, mainly due to its geographical location. The adaptation of farming to the effects of global climate change may lead to the maximization of agricultural production, which is an important and desirable improvement. The main aim of this paper is to rank and quantify the impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector of Cyprus, through a multi-round Delphi survey seeking a consensus agreement in a group of experts. A multidisciplinary group of 20 experts stated their willingness-to-pay for various impacts of climate change. By applying this method, the individual impacts of climate change on crop production and water resources were brought into the modeling effort on equal footing with cost values. The final cost impact estimate represents the total estimated cost of climate change in the agricultural sector. According to the results, this cost reaches EUR 25.08 million annually for the agricultural sector, and EUR 366.48 million for the whole country. Therefore, it is expected that in the seven-year programming period 2014–2020 the total cost of climate change on agriculture ranges from EUR 176 to EUR 2565 million. The most significant impacts are due to the increasing level of CO2 in the atmosphere and the burden of biodiversity and ecosystems.


Author(s):  
A.A. Autko ◽  
I.S. Butov

Овощеводство Республики Беларусь в последние годы показывает высокую динамику развития. Природно-климатические условия Беларуси благоприятны для возделывания холодостойких овощных культур (все виды капусты, столовые корнеплоды, зеленные). Условия для ежегодных гарантированных сборов теплолюбивых культур (томат, огурец) в открытом грунте имеются только в юго-восточных и юго-западных районах республики. На остальной территории гарантированные урожаи этих культур наиболее возможны в теплицах, под пленочными укрытиями и в утепленном грунте. В Республике Беларусь посевные площади под овощами в последние годы во всех категориях хозяйств стабилизировались на уровне 6570 тыс. га, в том числе в хозяйствах населения 4650 тыс. га, в КФХ 1011 тыс. га. В последние 20 лет прослеживается положительная тенденция поступательного наращивания производства в КФХ, урожайность овощной продукции в которых в 2018 году на 64 и 31 превышала аналогичный показатель по с.-х. организациям и хозяйствам населения соответственно. В общей структуре валового сбора овощей на хозяйства населения приходится порядка 6769, КФХ 1619, с.-х. организации 1315. Производство овощей на душу населения в последние годы колебалось на уровне 178206 кг (при норме 146 кг). Республика полностью обеспечивает себя овощами, кроме того овощи поставляются на экспорт. В стране построено более 60 современных овощехранилищ, однако большинство из них требует существенной реконструкции. В настоящее время отмечен также рост производства плодоовощных консервов. Таким образом, внутренний рынок овощей полностью обеспечен продукцией собственного производства. Для повышения эффективности овощеводства Республики Беларусь на основе специализации и концентрации производства необходимо совершенствование организации всего овощного подкомплекса, включающую территориальное размещение, специализацию и структуру производства овощей, в том числе укрепление материально-технической базы переработки и хранения, улучшение организации закупок товарной продукции, расширение ассортимента и улучшение качества овощей.Vegetable growing in the Republic of Belarus in recent years shows a high dynamics of development. The natural and climatic conditions of Belarus are favorable for the cultivation of cold-resistant vegetable crops (all types of cabbage, table roots, green). Conditions for annual guaranteed collections of heat-loving crops (tomato, cucumber) in the open ground are available only in the South-Eastern and South-Western regions of the Republic. In the rest of the territory, guaranteed yields of these crops are most possible in greenhouses, under film shelters and in insulated soil. In the Republic of Belarus, the sown areas under vegetables in recent years in all categories of farms have stabilized at the level of 6570 thousand hectares, including in households 4650 thousand hectares, in farms 1011 thousand hectares. In the last 20 years, there is a positive trend of progressive increase in production in farms, the yield of vegetable products in which in 2018 by 64 and 31 exceeded the same indicator for agricultural organizations and farms, respectively. In the total structure of the gross harvest of vegetables on the farms of the population accounts for about 6769, farm 1619, agricultural organizations 1315. Production of vegetables per capita in recent years has fluctuated at the level of 178206 kg (at the rate of 146 kg). The Republic fully provides itself with vegetables, in addition, vegetables are exported. More than 60 vegetable stores have been built in the country, but most of them require significant reconstruction. Currently, there is also an increase in the production of canned fruits and vegetables. Thus, the domestic market of vegetables is almost completely provided with products of its own production. To improve the efficiency of vegetable growing of the Republic of Belarus on the basis of specialization and concentration of production it is necessary to improve the organization of the whole vegetable subcomplex, including geographical location, specialization, and the structure of production of vegetables, including a strengthening material-technical base of processing and storage, improving the procurement of commodity products, expanding the range and improving the quality of vegetables.


2021 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Abdugani Mukumov ◽  
Komil Xujakeldiev ◽  
Fayzullo Xamidov ◽  
Sharafatdin Narbaev ◽  
Khudoyberdi Abdivaitov

The features of the organization of production units agroclusters, which are one of the components of land management projects which aimed at organizing the rational and efficient use of available land resources are described in this article. The term “cluster” is a French word that means “bundle”, “collection” in Uzbek. It can be taken as “the geographical proximity of enterprises and institutions cooperating with each other in a particular field”. The development of value-added production in the agricultural sector and the development of this market requires ensuring product quality standards, full use of scientific and scientific achievements in the processing process, development of existing research institutes and using the potential of geographical location. In our view, the solution of this problem can be found in the agricultural production system through the organization of cluster production, which is used by developed countries in America, Europe and Asia.


Author(s):  
Zarema Nazirovna GADZHIEVA

The main feature of agricultural production is its direct dependence on natural and climatic conditions that leave their mark on all reproduction processes in the agricultural sector. The article is devoted to the analysis of peculiarities of agricultural production. Shown is the work of governing organs on determination of the correct strategy of development in the study period. The attention is paid to the scientific and technological progress and influence of these factors on the creation of progressive forms of labor organization in Southern Daghestan in the 60–70s of the XX century.


Author(s):  
R. N. Zhangirova

The article shows aspects of sustainable agricultural development. It summarized modern views on the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The problems of the agricultural sector of the republic are identified, the solution of which will contribute to the successful development of agricultural production. The necessity of increasing the efficiency of resource use is substantiated. An important place in the article is given to the role of state support for the agricultural sector. A comparative analysis of the yield of field cultivation from 1 ha of arable land and crops in the Republic of Kazakhstan is carried out. Using the index method, the influence of the structure of crops and crop productivity is calculated. According to statistical data, the current state of the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan is revealed. The reasons for low labor productivity in the agricultural sector of the republic are indicated. The role of science in the qualitative renewal of the country's agricultural sector is emphasized. Promising ways to stimulate the growth rate of agricultural production are proposed. The main directions of sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan are determined. It is proved that organic agriculture can act as a point of sustainable agricultural growth.


Author(s):  
Yaroslava Demyan ◽  
◽  
Greta Molnar ◽  

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of personal peasant farms, the main trends of their development in modern conditions are determined. The development of PPF play an important role for the economy of the state, the socio-cultural development of rural areas, and the life of rural residents. It is these farms that create the foundation for the state's food security, producing more than 40% of agricultural products, supplying a significant share of food products to the population on the domestic market. At the same time, it was investigated that in the Transcarpathian region the role of PPF is increasing due to the peculiarities of the geographical location and relief, natural and climatic conditions, traditions of life and activities of the population, and the like. It has been established that 224.4 thousand PPF operate in the region, which produce more than 90% of agricultural products, and they use land areas in comparison with the worst quality, production activities in them are more labor-intensive and require larger costs. However, the presence of three natural and climatic zones, a favorable climate and other factors create advantages for this particular form of farming in the region. And even despite the fact that now there is a tendency towards a gradual reduction in the number of PPF and their share in agricultural production, in the future they will continue to play an important role both in the region and in Ukraine as a whole, the issue of improving their material and technical support is actualizing, increase in investment volumes and development of their investment potential. Particular attention is paid to considering the prospects for further research, taking into account the processes of decentralization of authority.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Marsel Khismatullin ◽  
Mars Khismatullin ◽  
Ayrat Valiev ◽  
Rahim Ullah ◽  
Aleksandr Komissarov

The development of globalization processes and, as a result, “blurring of borders” between countries give rise to fierce competition in food markets. In such conditions, ensuring food security largely depends on the efficiency of agricultural production. One of the factors of its stability, regardless of the influence of weather and climatic conditions, especially in areas of risky agriculture, including the Republic of Tatarstan, is irrigation. The research was carried out to assess the current state of the development of irrigated agriculture and its economic efficiency in the Republic of Tatarstan. The efficiency of irrigation was studied in Arsk and Laishevsky municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan when water was supplied, respectively, by diesel (“Kyrlay” LLC) and electrified pumping stations (“Narmonka” LLC). The object of research is potatoes on a total area of 258 hectares. It is not clear how it is possible to conduct research in different farms with different methods of water supply, and to carry out calculations for the total area. The costs of irrigation with 5-fold irrigation with water supply by electrified pumping stations paid off 11.9 times. Direct costs per 1 hectare of potatoes with a planned yield of 250 c/ha amounted to 110,590 rubles/ha, including 5-time irrigation - 10,235 rubles/ha, or 9.2%. The cost of production during irrigation decreases, in comparison with cultivation without irrigation, 2 times or more. A ruble of direct costs for irrigation provides additional products worth more than 12 rubles. According to Federal State Budgetary Institution “Tatmeliovodkhoz” Management”, it is much more profitable to grow fruit and berry and vegetable crops on irrigation. This should push for structural changes in favor of irrigated production of highly marginal crops


REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Gordyachkova ◽  
Tatiana I. Pechetova

Introduction. In Russia, the issue of disparity in the quality of life between the regions remains urgent. To a large extent, it is manifested in the regions themselves, and is due to an objective factor of geographical location. The purpose of this study is to give a rating assessment of the quality of life in the largest constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Materials and Methods. The information base of the study includes open data from the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and the ratings by Profile magazine and RIA Rating agency. To assess the quality of life in the municipal districts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the sum-of-the-places rating method was adopted. Results. According to the ranking of the municipal districts of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the leaders (the capital and industrially developed regions) and outsiders (areas in the Arctic zone of Yakutia) were identified. It has been revealed that despite the efforts undertaken by the regional authorities, there is a significant gap in the quality of life in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The study has shown that there is no official or generally accepted system for assessing the quality of life. Moreover, there is no common understanding of indicators that comprehensively characterize the quality of life. Discussion and Conclusion. The study has confirmed the thesis that industrial development in association with development of the territory and formation of the infrastructure help improve the quality of life. On the other hand, industrial development and increased urbanization exacerbate the problem of safety of residents and make relevant the issues related to the provision of quality housing in extreme climatic conditions. The results of the rating can be used by the government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the municipal authorities in order to provide solutions for managing the quality of life.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
A. A. Ibragimov ◽  
A. К. Karakhanov ◽  
A. A. Abdurakhmanov ◽  
A. Е. Eshdavlatov ◽  
P. A. Uteniyazov ◽  
...  

. For sowing small seeds of vegetables, in particular onions, special seeders are used. They are not produced in the Republic of Uzbekistan, while many diff erent pneumatic seeders are produced abroad. The authors note that foreign samples are complex in design, not adapted to local soil and climatic conditions, cannot provide even seed placement on ridges, and the cost of the seeders themselves and service are very high.(Research purpose) To develop a vegetable seeder in relation to the soil and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, to determine the seeding rate of onion seeds depending on the length of the active part of the seed reel, to evaluate the formation quality of sowing ridges and irrigation furrows.(Materials and methods) The authors determined the sowing rate by turning the seeder drive wheel at a given length of the active part of the sowing reel and collecting the sown seeds in cups with further weighing. The quality of sowing ridges and irrigation furrows formation was evaluated by the method of profi ling the fi eld before and after the seeder’s pass.(Results and discussion) The authors developed a vegetable seeder that performed three operations in one pass: cutting irrigation furrows, forming sowing ridges of a trapezoidal shape and sowing onion seeds and other small-seeded vegetable crops in a three-row tape method in each tape. They found that the dependence of the seeding rate on the length of the active part of the reel had a slightly fragile parabolic shape, and the required seeding rates – 24-48 pieces per linear meter (3.9-7.8 kilograms per hectare) – were provided with the length of the sowing reel 3.3- 6.2 millimeters. It was proved that the seeder provided a high-quality formation of sowing ridges and irrigation furrows: the row spacing was 68.8 centimeters (installation spacing – 70 centimeters), the top ridge width was 42.5 centimeters (the predetermined one was 40 centimeters), the depth of irrigation furrows was on average 9.6 centimeters.(Conclusions) A vegetable seeder was developed for sowing small-seeded vegetable crops with the simultaneous formation of sowing ridges and cutting irrigation furrows, which ensured high-quality performance of all operations and observance of onion seeds.


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