scholarly journals Diversity of weed species in wheat fields of district Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Z. Singh ◽  
Satvinder Singh ◽  
L. R. Dangwal
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Important Value Index

The present study was conducted to determine the diversity of weed species in wheat fields of the district Rajouri (JandK). For analyzing diversity 20 quadrats of (1m.×1m.) were randomly laid down in each block. In every set of quadrat frequency, density and abundance was observed throughout the cropping season and IVI (Important value index) was determined. During the course of field study it was reported that the maximum infestation was shown by grassy weed Avena fatua having maximum density (10.15, 12.12, 7.30, 9.35, 10.6, 8.55 from site 1-6 respectively) and IVI (35.71, 43.49, 30.27, 33.91, 32.59, 32.11 from site 1-6 respectively) in all the selected sites. While the least dominant weeds were Calotropis procera, Conyza japonica, Cannabis sativa, Rumex acetosa, Euphorbia prolifera and Sonchus asper etc. A total of 116 weed species belonging to 3 monocot and 27dicot families were reported from the target site.

Basis for Interactions of Ethofumesate1and Desmedipham on Sugarbeets and Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Eshel ◽  
R.L. Zimdahl ◽  
E.E. Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Brassica Kaber

A synergistic interaction occurred when sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono-Hy Al’) were treated with mixtures of ethofumesate (2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulphonate) and desmedipham [ethylm-hydroxycarbanilate carbanilate (ester)]. Depending on the stage of weed growth synergistic interactions were also observed on two weed species: wild mustard [Brassica kaber(DC.) L.C. Wheeler ‘pinnatifida’ (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler] and wild oat (Avena fatuaL.). Desmedipham penetrated the foliage more slowly than did ethofumesate. The rate of desmedipham penetration was positively correlated with the concentration of its formulants (solvents and adjuvants) in the spraying emulsion, and to a lesser extent with the formulants of ethofumesate. Increasing the spray volume also increased desmedipham penetration. None of these factors affected penetration by ethofumesate.14C-labeled ethofumesate and desmedipham did not translocate out of treated leaves regardless of the concentration of formulants or active ingredients. These data suggest that the synergistic interaction is mainly due to the increased penetration by desmedipham when applied with ethofumesate.

Control of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) in Summer Squash with Halosulfuron

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Trader ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Field experiments were conducted in 1999, 2000, and 2001 to investigate PRE and POST applications of halosulfuron-methyl in combination with clomazone plus ethalfluralin for control of sedge and smooth pigweed in summer squash. Halosulfuron was applied PRE or POST to summer squash at 9, 18, or 27 g ai/ha in combination with a PRE application of clomazone at 175 g ai/ha plus ethalfluralin at 630 g ai/ha. Smooth pigweed control by addition of halosulfuron at 18 and 27 g/ha in combination with clomazone plus ethalfluralin PRE was greater than 89% independent of application method. Yellow nutsedge control was greater than 83% with POST applications of halosulfuron at 18 and 27 g/ha in combination with clomazone plus ethalfluralin PRE. Yellow nutsedge control was greater than 60% from all POST halosulfuron applications at 9, 18, or 27 g/ha in the greenhouse. In a separate field study without ethalfluralin PRE, rice flatsedge control was more than 85% from halosulfuron applied POST at 18 and 27 g/ha. Yellow summer squash and zucchini squash were injured as much as 52 and 47%, respectively, from inclusion of halosulfuron PRE or POST at 27 g/ha in treatments. Summer squash yields were generally not affected by halosulfuron rate, and were comparable to or higher than summer squash treated by only the mixture of clomazone plus ethalfluralin. In these studies, summer squash were injured by halosulfuron applied at 9 to 27 g/ha PRE or POST, yet rapidly recovered, making this herbicide acceptable for use in combination with clomazone and ethalfluralin for controlling several common weed species.

scholarly journals A Multy-Year Study Reveals the Importance of Residual Herbicides on Weed Control in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. NUNES ◽  
J. LORENSET ◽  
J.E. GUBIANI ◽  
F.M. SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

ABSTRACT: A 3-year field study was conducted to assess the potential for using pre-emergent (PRE) herbicides tank mixed with glyphosate as a means of controlling weed species in soybean. In 2011/12, 2012/13 and 2013/14 growing sessions soybean cultivar Brasmax Apollo RR was planted under residues of rye. The herbicide treatments glyphosate (gly) (1,296 g a.i. ha-1), gly + S-metolachlor (1,296 + 1,920), gly + imazaquin (1,296 +161), gly + pendimethalin (1,296 + 1,000), gly + metribuzin (1,296 + 480), gly + 2.4-D amine (1,296 + 1,209) was applied in pre-emergence (PRE) over rye crop residues two days before soybean sowing. In addition, full season weed-free and weedy control plots were included. Gly + S-metolachlor and gly + pendimethalin reduced the horseweed density from 48 to 3 and 6 plants m-2, respectively. The mix containing gly + metribuzin and gly + 2.4-D amine and gly applied alone had no effect in the horseweed control. The mix containing gly + metribuzin, gly + 2.4-D amine, gly + imazaquin and gly applied alone had no effect in the crabgrass control. In contrast gly + S-metolachlor and gly + pendimethalin reduced the crabgrass density from 70 to 0 and 1 plant m-2, respectively. The soybean yield was higher with weed-free, S-metolachlor and metribuzin treatments. The use of an herbicide with residual effect had impact on weed management and soybean yield. In conclusion, a greater control of horseweed and crabgrass occurred when S-metolachlor or pendimethalin was applied PRE.

Additive efficacy of soil-applied pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne D. Tidemann ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Ken L. Sapsford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Management ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rate Selection ◽  
Galium Spurium

Tidemann, B. D., Hall, L. M., Johnson, E. N., Beckie, H. J., Sapsford, K. L., Willenborg, C. J. and Raatz, L. L. 2014. Additive efficacy of soil-applied pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1245–1253. Efficacy of soil-applied herbicides can be influenced by edaphic factors including soil organic matter (OM) content, as well as by interactions with herbicide tank-mix partners. Field trials were conducted over 6 site-years in 2011 and 2012 across western Canada to examine the interaction of pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone when co-applied for control of false cleavers (Galium spurium L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in field pea. In the greenhouse, the nature of this interaction was further investigated for these two weed species, plus barley and canola; in a separate experiment, the effect of OM content on pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone efficacy was examined using three soils with 2.8, 5.5, and 12.3% OM content, respectively. Efficacy of pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations was additive under both field and greenhouse conditions. Higher OM content generally required higher rates of herbicide to achieve similar efficacy for all tested species. Pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone can be combined to aid in herbicide resistance management and broaden the weed spectrum compared with each product used alone, although rate selection may be OM dependent.

scholarly journals Weeds occurrence in areas submitted to distinct winter crops

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Concenço ◽  
C.J. Silva ◽  
L.A. Staut ◽  
C.S. Pontes ◽  
L.C.A.S. Laurindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
No Till ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Winter Fallow

In the Western Region of Brazil, it is usual to have two agricultural harvests in the same cropping season. Usually the first crop is soybean, followed by corn. In areas where corn is not planted due to a delayed harvest of soybean, farmers generally do not use winter crops. For these areas, the planting of winter oilseed crops aiming at the production of bio-fuels is one of the best alternatives; in addition, this would help in reducing the occurrence of weed species at the following summer crop. This study aimed to assessing the weed community in distinct winter crops post soybean crop, in terms of species composition, level of infestation and severity of occurrence. The following treatments were evaluated: agriculture under a no-till system with winter fallow, winter oilseed crops (crambe, radish, rapeseed) with no-till agriculture in the summer, and agriculture under a conventional tillage system with winter fallow. Phytosociological evaluations of all treatments were carried out 75 DAE of the oilseed crops, and the diversity indexes of Margalef, Menhinick, Simpson, and Shannon-Weiner were determined. Areas were also grouped by cluster analysis based on UPGMA applied at Jaccard's similarity matrix. Among the treatments with winter coverage, radish was the most efficient crop in suppressing the occurrence of weed species. The area with conventional tillage agriculture and winter fallow allowed for a higher occurrence of troublesome weeds. On the other hand, the area under fallow showed the highest absolute level of infestation. Overall, oilseed crops in the winter contribute to lower levels of infestation by weed species in these areas.

scholarly journals Some effect of herbicide application in Caucalido-Scandocetum

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Denise Dostatny
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Park Area ◽  
Made In

Excess in application of herbicide such as Aminopielik and Chwastox in cereals crop was the cause of the increase in cover of some weeds (in particular grass), a few decrease in cover of a cultivated plant, a few decrease of number's species and the impoverishment composition in the <em>Caucalido-Scandicetum</em> association in the "Nadnidziański Landscape Park" area. In the records of the fields where herbicide was applied (tab.1: records 11-20), the weeds cover surplused cereals cover. <em>Apera spica-venti</em> and sometimes <em>Avena fatua<em> dominated in these records and the number of dicotyledonous species was insignificant. Where herbicides were not applied (tab.l: records 1-10), the overall weeds cover was smaller than the cover of a cultivated plant and the weeds number was significantly bigger. In these fields there existed an interspecious competition which didn't allow large development of one or two weed species. The research was made in summer 1997 by the Braun-Blanquet's method in cereals and data of herbicide application taken down.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF EXTRACT Cannabis sativa L. ON LIPID PEROXIDATION ACTIVITY Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-643
Author(s):  
Bojan Konstantinović ◽  
Jovana Šućur ◽  
Mirjana Kojić ◽  
Nataša Samardžić ◽  
Senka Vidović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Variant

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. belongs to highly invasive weed species. In mid-1900s, the cultivation of this species as a forage crop led to its invasiveness (Peerzada et al., 2017). Yield losses it causes are up to 57-88% on very important agricultural and horticultural crops (Peerzada et al., 2017). It is highly tolerant to herbicides and rapid vegetative growth makes it difficult to control. Finding new methods that will help combat invasive species with less environmental impact is gaining importance. Allelopathy is very important for finding new compounds that can be used to combat invasive weeds (Arora et al., 2015). Allelochemicals are very important in relationship between plants and their environment (Cespedes et al., 2014). McPartland (1997) points to repellent and pesticidal properties of Cannabis sativa L.The aim of this study is to investigate allelopathic effect of C. sativa L. extract on lipid peroxidation activity in leaves of treated plants of S. halepense (L.) Pers.Extract obtained by the classical extraction process was applied at concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25% and 10%, while the control variant was not treated. Plants of S. halepense L. (Pers.) were in the initial stages of growth when extract was applied. Experiment was performed under field conditions. Plants respond to adverse environmental effects by changes in biochemical processes (Sunmonu & Van Staden, 2014). Sampling of treated plants was performed after 6h and 24h. Biochemical analyzes of fresh leaves of S. halepense (L.) Pers. lipid peroxidation activity was determined.C. sativa L. extract caused changes in the lipid peroxidation activity of S. halepense (L.) Pers. Increased activity was only in variant of application of the highest concentration of extract with a statistically significant difference in both sampling moments. Value of monitored activity in control variant was 73.18 nmol MDA / g SBM while in variant with 100% application of the extract it was 99.36 nmol MDA / g SBM after 6h. After 24 h, a value of 100% extract of 80.02 nmol MDA / g SBM was obtained, as opposed to control with a lipid peroxidation value of 68.27 nmol MDA / g SBM. Other variants of application did not show statistically significant differences with respect to control after 6 h from moment of treatment. Less pronounced differences in obtained values were observed in variants with 50%, 25% and 10% compared to control after 24 h.An increase in lipid peroxidation activity in variants using 100% C. sativa L. extract is a response to plant exposure to stress, thus proving an allelopathic effect on treated plants.

Effect of Crop Residue on Seedling Emergence and Growth of Selected Weed Species in a Sprinkler-Irrigated Zero-Till Dry-Seeded Rice System

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
Seth B. Abugho
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Residue Retention

Crop residues acting as mulches can influence weed seedling emergence and weed biomass. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of rice residue amounts (0, 3, and 6 t ha−1) on seedling emergence of eight weed species in zero-till dry-seeded rice. The highest seedling emergence of spiny amaranth, southern crabgrass, crowfootgrass, junglerice, eclipta, goosegrass, and Chinese sprangletop was observed in the absence of residue. Seedling emergence of these weeds declined with increasing residue amounts; however, the greatest and most substantial reductions in emergence occurred with 6 t ha−1of residue. The presence of residue also resulted in less weed biomass than with the no-residue treatment. The emergence and biomass of threelobe morningglory seedlings, however, were not influenced by residue amounts. The use of residue also increased the time taken to reach 50% of maximum emergence for some species, for example, spiny amaranth and Chinese sprangletop. The results of our study suggest that the use of residue at high rates can help suppress seedling emergence and growth of many weeds. However, there is a need to integrate other weed management strategies with residue retention to achieve season-long weed control.

Field Comparison of Seven Dinitroaniline Herbicides for Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Seedling Establishment

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Fawcett ◽  
R. G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Standard Of Comparison ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

In a 3-yr field study, seven dinitroaniline herbicides controlled all weeds adequately, except for two species. None of them controlled shepherdspurse [Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.], and only nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline] controlled common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.). EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) was included as a standard of comparison and provided satisfactory control of all weed species. Three-year averages of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) injury ratings at herbicide rates estimated to be equivalent in biological activity to 0.8 kg/ha and 1.7 kg/ha trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) respectively were: butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] 0% and 3%, benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine) 2% and 9%, profluralin [N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine] 5% and 19%, AC92390 (N-sec-butyl-2,6-dinitro-3,4-xylidine) 6% and 17%, trifluralin 6% and 26%, fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline] 14% and 45%, and nitralin 18% and 49%. EPTC caused an average 4% injury at 3.4 kg/ha. At equivalent rates to 0.8 kg/ha trifluralin, most treatments caused an increase in first cutting alfalfa yields accompanied by a decrease in weed yields, except in 1974 when few treatments resulted in increased alfalfa yields. Alfalfa recovered from early season injury caused by higher rates of the herbicides, so that total alfalfa yields were usually not reduced compared to the control. Total herbage yields (alfalfa + weeds) were not increased by any treatment, and were sometimes decreased, especially by high rates of the herbicides.

scholarly journals Cordia oncocalyx (Allemão) Baill. (Boraginaceae) Chemical Composition and Alelopathic Effect Against Weeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Danúbio Lopes da Silva ◽  
Marcos Aurélio Figueiredo dos Santos ◽  
Jose Weverton Almeida Bezerra ◽  
Cícero dos Santos Leandro ◽  
Maria Daniele Pereira Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Cold Infusion

Through secondary metabolism, plants produce chemical compounds which when released into the environment can have effects on other species, such effect is called allelopathy. In this research we evaluated the Cordia oncocalyx (Boraginaceae) allelopathic potential against two weed species, Cenchrus echinatus and Calotropis procera, as well as quantified its phenolic compounds using HPLC-DAD. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments and one control group (distilled water). Each treatment consisted of four replicates with 25 seeds each, totaling 100 seeds per treatment. The variables analyzed were: germinating potential, germination velocity and seedling development. The hot and cold infusion extracts were prepared with 50 g of each of the three parts of the donor plant (bark, leaves and roots) immersed in 500 ml of distilled water at 100 &deg;C (hot infusion) and 25 &deg;C (cold infusion). The experiments were mounted in Petri dishes having substrate filter paper embedded in 3 mL of the extracts (treatments) and conducted in a germination chamber. Hot and cold infusion extracts of the C. oncocalyx leaves, barks and roots presented allelopathic activity on C. echinatus and C. procera germination and development, with the hot bark extract promoting such effect with a greater intensity. The allelopathic effect observed may be due to the presence of allelochemicals such as caffeic acid, quercentin and kaempferol present in C. oncocalyx leaves, barks and roots.

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