Chemopreventive Effect of Stoechospermum marginatum against Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis Induced by 1, 2-Dimethyl Hydrazine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kalaiselvi ◽  
P. Sriram ◽  
R. Gokulakannan ◽  
M. Parthiban ◽  
T.A. Kannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Colon Carcinogenesis ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Tumour Control ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Colon cancer is the one most prevalent malignancy in the world and its incidence is increasing due to changing life styles, environmental factors, etc. Conventional chemotherapy for cancer is limited due to development of chemoresistance and severe side effects. Natural products have received great attention in the recent years owing to its reduced toxicity and side effects. The present was undertaken to evaluate chemopreventive potential of ethanolic extract of Stoechospermum marginatum in experimentally induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Methods: Healthy male wistar rats were divided into 6 groups and received following treatments: Vehicle (Group I); S. marginatum extract (Group II), DMH alone (Group III), DMH + 5-Fluorouracil (Group IV), DMH +S. marginatum extract at 100 mg/kg (Group V) and DMH +S. marginatum extract at 200 mg/kg (Group VI). Colon tumour was induced using 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Result: S. marginatum extract ameliorated oxidative damaging effects of DMH. S. marginatum extract increased expression of Bax, caspase 3 and caspase 9; decreased expression of Bcl-2 and restored levels of COX-2 compared to tumor control. Reduced aberrant crypt foci, hyperplastic and inflammatory changes in colon were observed with S. marginatum compared to tumour control. The findings suggest chemopreventive potential of S. marginatum.

scholarly journals Evaluation of protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of saffron petals in prevention of acetaminophen-induced renal damages in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Omidi ◽  
Narges Riahinia ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Montazer Torbati ◽  
Mohammad Ali Behdani
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathologic Evaluation ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Right

In recent years more attention has been given to herbal drugs in the treatment and prevention of drug toxicity because of the harmful effects of chemical drugs. In this study, directed for this purpose, research was conducted on the protective effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of saffron petals (SPE) against acetaminophen (APAP) induced acute nephrotoxicity. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups of six each. Group I, as a control group, received normal saline (0.09%) orally (PO). Group II, as an intoxicated group was treated with APAP, PO (600 mg/kg). In the groups III and IV, SPE in a dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg along with APAP (600 mg/kg) was administered, respectively. At the end of the trial (8th day), blood was taken from the heart of rats for assessment of biochemical parameters and the right kidney was placed in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological evaluations. In the APAP treatment group, higher serum creatinine and uric acid were observed. SPE in a dose of 20 mg/kg significantly reduced serum creatinine and uric acid. In pathologic evaluation, a dose of 20 mg/kg of SPE prevented the kidney injuries induced by APAP. Tissues changes were in accordance with biochemical findings. It is likely that the SPE contributed to the prevention of acute nephrotoxicity induced by APAP.

Effects of MOF6 Fraction from Ethanolic Extract of the Leaves of Moringa oleifera against Sodium Arsenite-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Mubarak Ameen ◽  
Adelaja Akinlolu ◽  
Mukadam Abdulhamid ◽  
Muheen Biliaminu ◽  
Olaolu Ajiboye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Moringa oleifera (MO) is a plant of significant medicinal importance. The dried leaves of MO were pulverized, extracted with ethanol and fractionated using column chromatography to provide seven fractions (MOF1-7) with MOF6 having the best preliminary antioxidant  potential. Therefore, this study evaluated the hepatoprotective potentials of MOF6 in sodium arsenite (SA)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups of five rats each. Control Group I received normal saline. Groups II and III received 20 mg/kg body weight (bw) of SA for 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. Groups IV and V received 20 mg/kg bw of SA for 3 weeks followed by treatment with 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg bw of fraction MOF6, respectively, for 6 weeks. Groups VI and VII received only  5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg bw of fraction MOF6, respectively, for 6 weeks. Antioxidant (lipid peroxidation) and biochemical analyses of liver  enzymes of all rats were carried out after the completion of experimental procedures. Results showed statistically significant lower mean values (p ≤ 0.05) of malondialdehyde (MDA), acid phosphatase (ACP) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in rats of Groups IV and V compared with Group III. However, there were statistically significant higher mean values (p ≤ 0.05) of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in Groups IV and V compared with Groups I and III. In conclusion, these results implied that fraction MOF6 has antioxidant and  hepatoprotective potentials. However, results of ALP analyses implied that MOF6 possibly augmented SA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

scholarly journals Study of the antineoplastic action of Tabebuia avellanedae in carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Alves Higa ◽  
Ricardo Dutra Aydos ◽  
Iandara Schettert Silva ◽  
Rondon Tosta Ramalho ◽  
Albert Schiaveto de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Colon Carcinogenesis ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Antitumor Action ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Antineoplastic Action ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

PURPOSE: To study the antitumor action of Tabebuia avellanedae in experimentally induced colon carcinogenesis by azoxymethane in mice. METHODS: Fifty (n=50) mice were divided into five groups: in group I azoxymethane (AOM) was administered, in Group II - β-lapachone, in group III - vehicle (diluent) and in group IV - vehicle + AOM and finally in group V - β-lapachone + AOM. RESULTS: It was observed the presence of aberrant crypt foci in all animals of groups I and IV, 50% in group II and 90% in group V. CONCLUSION: The β-lapachone extracted from the Tabebuia avellanedae showed no protective effect of lesions induced by azoxymethane in colon of mice.

scholarly journals Effect of Extract of Uria Picta Jacq. on Experimentally Induced Hypertension in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-532
Author(s):  
Pavan Bhausaheb Udvant ◽  
Shubham Jagdish Khairnar ◽  
Ghansham Balakrishn Jadhav ◽  
Rahul Ramakant Sable ◽  
Mourya Krishnakumar Arprit
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Experimentally Induced

ABSTRACT: Many allopathic medicines demand to remedy for hypertension but fail to fulfill the purpose, because of side effects and high cost. Herbal medicine does not cause side effects and natural herbs are completely safe. Rational and purpose of this study was to see how effective Uraria picta. Jacq. (U.P) extract was on experimentally induced hypertension in rats. The purpose of this research was to explore if U. Picta could be utilized as a curative or preventative medicine, as well as to investigate U. Picta possible toxicity in these animals. Blood pressure was elevated by Angiotensin II (150 ug/kg, i.p) in rats that is hypertensive condition. Animals were divided into groups as follow Group I (control) - vehicle, Group II Angiotensin II (150µgkg), Group III Angiotensin II extract low dose (100mgkg), Group IV-Angiotensin II extract middle dose (200mgkg), Group V-Angiotensin II extract (400mg/kg), Group VI – (Angiotensin II Telmisartan0.8mg/kg). and dosed as per protocol. Blood pressure was monitored with the noninvasive techniques (NIBP) using Power lab (AD instrument) Australia. Effect of extracts was studied on various oxidative stress markers like SOD, CAT, LOP and NO. as per observation extract of U. picta of high dose (400mg/kg BW p.o) had shown significant alteration in endogenous antioxidant entities i.e., SOD, CAT, LPO and also reduced NO level indicate antioxidant property of U. Picta. Same of above dose also reduced blood pressure and ACE level. So, from the above outcome we can consider that U.Picta extract may be having antioxidant and antihypertensive activity.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PHYSALI IXOCARPA AGAINST RIFAMPICIN-ISONIAZID INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
N Delhiraj ◽  
M K Jaganathan ◽  
A R Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Tuberculosis Therapy

The liver is the primary organ that metabolizes the majority of the drug. Toxicity caused by these drugs to the liver is called hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity is a major concern in tuberculosis therapy, especially Rifampicin - Isoniazid (R-H). Studies showed that these drugs induce oxidative stress in the liver. This study attempts to determine whether the ethanolic extract of Physalis ixocarpa (EEPI) protects against R-H induced hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (each group n=6 animals). Group I, control treated with normal saline (5ml/kg, b/w, p.o.). Group II, Hepatotoxicity induced by combination of R-H (each 50mg/kg, i.p.) administered up to 14 days. Group III and IV, EEPI (100 mg/kg & 200 mg/kg, b/w) were administered orally one hour before the R-H inducing agent up to 14 days. Group V, Silymarin (25 mg /kg, b/w., p.o.) was served as standard. After 14th days animals were allowed fast overnight and blood was collected through orbital puncture and animal was sacrificed then liver tissue was collected for biochemical analysis and histopathological studies. Our results show a significant reduction in the level of alkaline phosphate (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and total bilirubin. Treatment with EEPI also showed a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. EEPI also reduced the macrovesicular steatosis and ballooning caused by the R-H. The present study demonstrates that administration of ethanolic extract of Physalis ixocarpa ameliorating hepatoprotective activity as evidenced by the biochemical and histopathological parameters.

Is There A Role For Lifestyle Interventions In Obsessive-Compulsive And Related Disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (41) ◽  
pp. 5698-5711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo F. Fontenelle ◽  
Maiara Zeni-Graiff ◽  
Julliana N. Quintas ◽  
Murat Yücel
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Partial Hospitalization ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sexual Side Effects ◽  
Augmentation Strategies ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Many of the currently available treatments for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) such as pharmacotherapy augmentation strategies, partial hospitalization programs, deep brain stimulation, and neurosurgery are efficacious for individuals suffering from more severe forms of these conditions. Unfortunately, the application of these treatments in milder forms of illness and subclinical samples, which affect a substantial portion of the population, is not justifiable by their costs (e.g. cognitivebehavioral therapy) and/or potential for side effects (serotonin-reuptake inhibitors associated sexual side effects). As such, there is an urgent need to develop simple yet effective treatments, such as modifiable lifestyle interventions, that can be employed on a broader scale. Here, we review the current state of evidence that supports or refutes the efficacy of lifestyle approaches for OCRDs. We focus on dimensions of lifestyle that are deemed important for cardiovascular diseases; namely, physical activity, stress, sleep, diet and eating behaviors, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Despite the relative scarcity of welldesigned randomized controlled trials targeting unhealthy life styles in OCRDs, we found meditation-based therapies and interventions focusing on eliminating sedentarism to be promising approaches. In the future, these strategies may represent valid alternative for subjects with subthreshold symptoms or at risk for OCRDs or other “compulsive” disorders.

Synergistic action of propolis with levodopa in the management of Parkinsonism in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua ◽  
Josephine Kasolo ◽  
Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Ejike Daniel Eze ◽  
Abass Safiriyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ethanolic Extract Of Propolis ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractBackgroundThe Phosphatase and tensin-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1B9) mutant for Drosophila melanogaster is a key tool that has been used in assessing the pathology of Parkinsonism and its possible remedy. This research was targeted toward determining the effects of ethanolic extract of propolis, with levodopa therapy in the management of Parkinsonism.MethodThe PINK1B9 flies were divided into groups and fed with the different treatment doses of ethanoic extract of propolis. The treatment groups were subjected to 21 days of administration of propolis and the levodopa at different doses after which percentage climbing index, antioxidant activity and lifespan studies were done.ResultsPropolis alone improved motor activity, antioxidant and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster than in PINK1 flies. Propolis in combination with levodopa significantly (P<0.05) improved physiological parameters at higher than lower concentrations in Parkinsonism Drosophila melanogaster demonstrating its importance in managing side effects associated with levodopa.ConclusionPropolis is a novel candidate as an alternative and integrative medicinal option to use in the management of Parkinsonism in both animals and humans at higher concentrations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Juniperus communis L. seed extract on benign prostatic hyperplasia induced in male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Akbari ◽  
Mohammad Azadbakht ◽  
Kanu Megha ◽  
Ayat Dashti ◽  
Lale Vahedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Juniperus Communis ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease which causes various health problems for elderly men such as urinary retention, recurring urinary tract infection and bladder stones. The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Juniperus communis L. seed extract (JCS) on BPH in male Wistar rats. Methods To this end, 30 rats were divided into 5 groups (N = 6): group 1 (vehicle), group 2 (disease control), group 3 (standard medicine; 10 mg/kg finasteride), and groups 4 and 5 were treated with 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of the hydroalcoholic JCS seed extract, respectively. Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 received testosterone enanthate to induce prostatic hyperplasia. At the end of experimental period (28 days), prostate glands were cut off under anesthesia. Histopathological examination was done and biochemical parameters such as Malondialdehyde, Glutathione and protein carbonyl were also measured. Their body weights were also observed during the study. At the end of the experiment, prostate weights and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were measured. Prostate index, inhibition prostate weight and inhibition prostate index were also calculated. Results Both histopathological examination and biochemical parameter results showed significant improvements in rats treated with finasteride and 600 mg/kg JCS extract (p < 0.01). In addition, PSA levels showed significant decrease in comparison with the disease group. But acute toxicity test indicated that using JCS extract resulted in an increase in liver enzymes (ALP, LDH, SGOT, SGPT). As a result, the extract should be used with caution. Conclusions Oral administration of JCS extract is effective on preventing testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia.

scholarly journals Kinase Inhibitors of DNA-PK, ATM and ATR in Combination with Ionizing Radiation Can Increase Tumor Cell Death in HNSCC Cells While Sparing Normal Tissue Cells

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 925
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Faulhaber ◽  
Tina Jost ◽  
Julia Symank ◽  
Julian Scheper ◽  
Felix Bürkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Tumor Cell Death

(1) Kinase inhibitors (KI) targeting components of the DNA damage repair pathway are a promising new type of drug. Combining them with ionizing radiation therapy (IR), which is commonly used for treatment of head and neck tumors, could improve tumor control, but could also increase negative side effects on surrounding normal tissue. (2) The effect of KI of the DDR (ATMi: AZD0156; ATRi: VE-822, dual DNA-PKi/mTORi: CC-115) in combination with IR on HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC and healthy skin cells was analyzed. Cell death and cell cycle arrest were determined using flow cytometry. Additionally, clonogenic survival and migration were analyzed. (3) Studied HNSCC cell lines reacted differently to DDRi. An increase in cell death for all of the malignant cells could be observed when combining IR and KI. Healthy fibroblasts were not affected by simultaneous treatment. Migration was partially impaired. Influence on the cell cycle varied between the cell lines and inhibitors; (4) In conclusion, a combination of DDRi with IR could be feasible for patients with HNSCC. Side effects on healthy cells are expected to be limited to normal radiation-induced response. Formation of metastases could be decreased because cell migration is impaired partially. The treatment outcome for HPV-negative tumors tends to be improved by combined treatment.

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