Detection of Brucella antibodies in selected wild animals and avian species in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Ali ◽  
Samra Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Khizar Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Status

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease which affects humans, farm animals and wildlife as well. In Pakistan, the status of human and farm animal brucellosis is documented but the information about brucellosis in wildlife is lacking. To access the seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies in avian (turkeys, peafowl, guineafowl, mallard ducks and Indian blue rock pigeon) and selected wild species (reptiles and amphibians), a total of 117 serum samples (reptile = 34, amphibian = 04, avian n = 79) were collected from Karachi and Pattoki regions of Pakistan. Serum samples were screened for Brucella antibodies using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and11.1% serum samples were found positive. Overall, 2.5% birds, 29.4% reptiles and 25% amphibians were seropositive for Brucella antibodies. This is first report of detection of Brucella antibodies in reptiles and amphibians in Pakistan.

scholarly journals STUDY RESULTS OF IMMUNE RESPONSE INTENSITY IN CATTLE VACCINATED AGAINST RABIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN AND BORDER AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
D.N. Latfullin ◽  
◽  
R.M. Akhmadeev ◽  
N.R. Miftahov ◽  
Kh.N. Makaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Study Results ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
The Republic

Rabies control programs include preventive immunization of farm and domestic animals, catching stray dogs and cats, oral vaccination of wild animals, and measures to control the number of the wildlife. Rabies in ruminants is a deadlock in the rabies epizootic situation. Rabies in ruminant animals is the result of the epizootic process in wild animals of the area, even if the process is not recorded. The more than doubled decrease in the number of cattle the European part of Russia saw in recent years resulted in a decrease in cases of rabies in these animals. Vaccination forms the animal group that prevents the further spread of infection, and further reduces morbidity. The paper presents the data on the rabies epizootic situation on the territory of Tatarstan in 2018, preventive measures against the epizootic situation among domestic, wild and farm animals. Also, it presents laboratory results of blood 51 DOI: 10.31563/1684-7628-2019-51-3-48-52 Вестник БГАУ / Vestnik BSAU, 2019, № 3 serum samples in the cattle vaccinated against rabies in some areas of Tatarstan and border areas of Bashkortostan. The study results indicate that both regions take effective measures against rabies. The incidence of rabies in farm animals is minimized due to a large number of vaccinated animals, and preventive measures taken against rabies among wild animals. Revaccination of cattle is needed in a number of areas to ensure better protection of animals.

scholarly journals The Use of Rose Bengal Plate Test to Asses Cattle Exposure to Brucella Infection in Traditional and Smallholder Dairy Production Systems of Tanga Region of Tanzania

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Senyael Swai ◽  
Luuk Schoonman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Smallholder Dairy

A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and to identify risk factors for bovine brucellosis seropositivity in traditional and smallholder dairy cattle production systems in the Tanga region of North-eastern Tanzania. The study populations comprised 246 indigenous and 409 crossbred cattle, randomly selected from 105 smallholder dairy and 25 traditional managed herds, respectively. Individual animal and herd-level data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Serum samples were screened forBrucellaantibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate Test The overall seroprevalence ofBrucellaantibodies in the smallholder dairy and traditional managed cattle was 4.1% and 7.3% respectively. The corresponding overall herd prevalence was 10.5% and 20% respectively. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, closeness to stock route, access to surface drinking water and location were identified as the major risk factors for individual herd seroprevalence. Older animals (6 years) were associated with increased risk of sero-positivity compared to animals of age category of 6 years. The results showed that brucellosis is prevalent and widely distributed locally, underscoring the need for further studies including surveillance and institution of preventive and control measures particularly among female young-stock and the general public who are at high risk of contracting brucellosis.

scholarly journals The legal status of animals: a source of their disaster vulnerability

2021 ◽  
Vol 10.47389/36 (36.3) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Best
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Disaster Planning ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

The 2019–20 Australian bushfire season had a devastating impact on animals. A report sponsored by the World Wide Fund for Nature (2020) estimates that 3 billion native wild animals were affected by the bushfires, with several species now closer to extinction. Thousands of domesticated farm animals also perished, either as an immediate result of the bushfires or as a consequence of being euthanised with fire-related injuries. In addition, there was concern about the adequacy of arrangements for the evacuation and care of companion animals during the emergency. In these diverse ways, the bushfires brought the profound and multidimensional vulnerability of animals to disaster events into stark focus. Using case studies, this paper examines the role the law plays in contributing to this vulnerability. It investigates how the status of animals as ‘property’ under law increases their exposure to hazards and affects their priority in disaster planning and response. This paper also scrutinises the extent to which statutory welfare and environmental protections are capable of optimising wellbeing and survival outcomes for animals in disasters.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN PIGS: THE FIRST REPORT IN BANGLADESH

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Rahman ◽  
M. Nuruzzaman ◽  
M. S. Ahasan ◽  
R. R. Sarker ◽  
A. Chakrabartty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Aged Animal ◽  
Pregnant Animal ◽  
First Report ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Brucellosis, a bacterial zoonotic disease, has been reported in ruminants but still no report in pigs in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to describe seroprevalence of brucellosis in swine in Bangladesh. Blood from a total of 105 pigs was collected from selected areas of Bangladesh. All samples were screened using Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and further confirmed by using Slow Agglutination Test (SAT). A structured questionnaire was used to collect the epidemiological data related to the animals and husbandry practices. Out of the 105 sera analyzed, 7 (6.7%) and 5 (4.8%) were found to be positive by RBT and SAT respectively. It was observed that, insignificantly higher prevalence of brucellosis based on SAT was found in female (5.6%) than male (2.9%), in aged animal (8.1%) than young (0.0%) and in pregnant animal (12.5%) than non pregnant animal (2.1%) (p>0.05). Prevalence of brucellosis was 42.9% in aborted pigs and 1.6% in non aborted pigs. The association between abortion status and prevalence of brucellosis was statistically highly significant (p<0.01). This report of prevalence of brucellosis in pigs is very important with regards to the human health and other livestock and might help Government and NGOs to design preventive measurement and establish livestock health policy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15649

scholarly journals Preliminary Evidence of Rickettsia slovaca and Rickettsia conorii Infection in the Sera of Sheep, Dogs and Deer from an Area of Northern Spain

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 836
Author(s):  
Lourdes Lledó ◽  
Consuelo Giménez-Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Rickettsia Conorii ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rickettsia Slovaca ◽  
In The Wild

Limited information is available on the presence of rickettsial infection in animal reservoirs in Spain. Antibodies against Rickettsia slovaca and Rickettsia conorii were therefore sought in the sera of farm, domestic and wild animals (n = 223 samples) in an area of northern Spain. Indirect immunofluorescence assays showed: (A) 17/120 and 16/120 (14.2% and 13.3%) of serum samples from sheep (farm animals) reacted with R. slovaca and R. conorii antigens, respectively; (B) 10/73 and 10/73 (13.7% and 13.7%) of samples from dogs (domestic animals) did the same; (C) as did 22/30 and 20/30 (73.3% and 66.6%) of samples from deer (wild animals) (overall titre range: 1/40 to 1/1280). The prevalence of both types of infection was significantly greater in the wild animals than either the farm or domestic animals. The largest titres were recorded for R. slovaca in all three groups.

scholarly journals Farm Animals Are Long Away from Natural Behavior: Open Questions and Operative Consequences on Animal Welfare

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Alberto Cesarani ◽  
Giuseppe Pulina
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Natural Behavior ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Naive Approach

The concept of welfare applied to farm animals has undergone a remarkable evolution. The growing awareness of citizens pushes farmers to guarantee the highest possible level of welfare to their animals. New perspectives could be opened for animal welfare reasoning around the concept of domestic, especially farm, animals as partial human artifacts. Therefore, it is important to understand how much a particular behavior of a farm animal is far from the natural one of its ancestors. This paper is a contribution to better understand the role of genetics of the farm animals on their behavior. This means that the naïve approach to animal welfare regarding returning animals to their natural state should be challenged and that welfare assessment should be considered.

scholarly journals Costs and Benefits of Improving Farm Animal Welfare

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Jill N. Fernandes ◽  
Paul H. Hemsworth ◽  
Grahame J. Coleman ◽  
Alan J. Tilbrook
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Farm Animal Welfare ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Course Of Action

It costs money to improve the welfare of farm animals. For people with animals under their care, there are many factors to consider regarding changes in practice to improve welfare, and the optimal course of action is not always obvious. Decision support systems for animal welfare, such as economic cost–benefit analyses, are lacking. This review attempts to provide clarity around the costs and benefits of improving farm animal welfare, thereby enabling the people with animals under their care to make informed decisions. Many of the costs are obvious. For example, training of stockpeople, reconfiguration of pens, and administration of pain relief can improve welfare, and all incur costs. Other costs are less obvious. For instance, there may be substantial risks to market protection, consumer acceptance, and social licence to farm associated with not ensuring good animal welfare. The benefits of improving farm animal welfare are also difficult to evaluate from a purely economic perspective. Although it is widely recognised that animals with poor welfare are unlikely to produce at optimal levels, there may be benefits of improving animal welfare that extend beyond production gains. These include benefits to the animal, positive effects on the workforce, competitive advantage for businesses, mitigation of risk, and positive social consequences. We summarise these considerations into a decision tool that can assist people with farm animals under their care, and we highlight the need for further empirical evidence to improve decision-making in animal welfare.

Helminthofauna of the fox (Vulpes vulpes) and korsak (Vulpes corsac)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
I.M. Abirova ◽  
N.Zh. Eleugaliyeva ◽  
G.K. Zhumagaliyeva ◽  
M.G. Gusmanov
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
The West ◽  
West Kazakhstan ◽  
The One ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

For humans and domestic animals, parasites of wild animals can pose a threat to health, and even life. In this regard, it is important to establish the pathways of circulation of pathogens of dangerous helminthiasis, to identify the nature of the focus and the role of wild animals in this process, since these data serve as the basis for the development of anti-parasite measures. The study of parasitic organisms of wild animals is of great importance for science and practice. In natural biocenosis, one of their joints is parasitic species, which, on the one hand, are involved in the regulation of the host population; on the other hand, they prevent the introduction and spread of new species related to the host, i.e. participate in ensuring homeostasis of biocenosis. Parasitizing in various hosts, both definitive and intermediate, helminthes can determine the number and distribution over the territory not only of these hosts, but also of other animal species associated with these hosts by trophic and other connections. The foregoing determines the relevance of the problem of studying the fauna of helminthes of wild animals in the West Kazakhstan region, which is currently under-researched. The species composition of helminthes of the fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the korsak (Vulpes corsac) in the territory of the West-Kazakhstan region region was explored. In most cases, the invasion was recorded in an associative form. Some helminthes cause serious diseases in humans and farm animals. As a result of our research, we identified 6 species of intestinal helminthes in the common fox, two of which (Alveococcus multilocularis, Toxocara canis) have epidemiological significance. In korsak, 3 types of helminthes were identified at the autopsy before the species.

scholarly journals The Linz Zoocode project: a set of new proposals regarding the terminology, the Principles and Rules of zoological nomenclature. First report of activities (2014‒2019)

Bionomina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAIN DUBOIS ◽  
AARON M. BAUER ◽  
LUIS M.P. CERÍACO ◽  
FRANÇOIS DUSOULIER ◽  
THIERRY FRÉTEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Community ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
International Meeting ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Status ◽  
International Body ◽  
The Creation

In July 2014, the international meeting “Burning questions and problems of zoological nomenclature” was held in Linz (Austria). It acknowledged the presence in the current International Code of Zoological Nomenclature of a number of severe problems, and accordingly decided the creation of a new international body, the Linz Zoocode Committee (LZC), in charge of writing the Linz Zoocode, a set of new proposals regarding the terminology, the Principles and Rules of zoological nomenclature. Here we present the first report of the activities of this Committee, covering the period 2014‒2019. It contains the presentation of our work, and the first documents adopted by the Committee: the Preamble and Principles of the Zoocode, the description of its structure and a first instalment of the Zoocode Glossary. The Zoocode regulates the status of zoological nomina and nomenclatural acts (onomatergies). Its aim is to provide an explicit, precise and objective nomenclatural system for the unambiguous and universal naming of all zoological taxa recognised by taxonomists, so that, in the frame of a given classification, the nomen of each taxon is unique and distinct. It relies on a Nomenclatural Process consisting in four main stages: nomenclatural assignment and availability, taxonomic allocation, nomenclatural validity and correctness, and registration of nomina and onomatergies. Whereas the Code currently in force is based on six stated Principles, the Zoocode recognises 17 distinct ones. We here submit these documents to the consideration of the international community of zootaxonomists, in the perspective of the incorporation of these proposals into the next version of the Code.

scholarly journals REGIONAL FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE NOSOLOGICAL PROFILE OF INFECTIOUS ANIMAL DISEASES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
O. B. Badmaeva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Focal Infection ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Domestic Carnivores

On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, the epizootological profile is formed by 8 nosological forms of infectious pathology of farm animals. The dominant epizootic significance is rabies, leptospirosis, brucellosis. Rabies was registered in 8 (38.1 %) rural administrative districts of the republic and in the urban district of Ulan-Ude. In the total number of cases of rabies, the disease of farm animals occupies 48.3%, domestic carnivores-3.9, and in 47.6% of cases, epizootic foci began among wild animals. The main reservoir of the rabies virus is the wild fox: 46.2 % in the total number of cases and 97.1 % - in autochthonous epizootic foci. Leptospirosis in the conditions of Buryatia is an indigenous natural focal infection with a pronounced indicator of epizootic manifestation in the form of infection of animals without clinical signs. It is registered in 11 (52.4 %) rural administrative districts of the republic in 1.5 % of cattle and 0.6% of horses. The unfavorable situation with bovine brucellosis persisted from 2009 to 2018, 26 unfavorable points were registered. In the Jida district, 5 km from the state border with Mongolia, brucellosis was first registered in a dog. In this area, the corridor of migration of wild animals across the border passes, which confirms the assumption of the existence of natural foci of brucellosis in the transboundary territories of Russia and Mongolia and the introduction of the pathogen from the natural focus to the territory of the buffer zone farms.

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