scholarly journals The impact of physical activity and exercise on obesity

2016 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Farid Mouissi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: The health benefits of regular physical activity alone are real, and the World Health Organisation has afforded great importance to the issue of obesity, and considers it to be an epidemic, which is threatening global health. Despite the fact that the subject of obesity emerged in developed countries, Arab countries began experiencing this phenomenon, due to changes in lifestyle among its citizens. Physical activity may favourably affect body fat distribution. Our study aims to study the impact of physical activity and exercise on obesity. Method: The research sample was 165 adolescents with an average age of 17.8 years old. A questionnaire was used to estimate physical activity and exercise. The body mass index (BMI) is used to determine obesity. Result: The results of the study indicated that there is a relationship between physical activity and exercise and obesity, and also between the amount of exercise and type of physical activity and obesity. Conclusion: Physical activity and exercise have an impact on obesity. Through the study results, we recommend the importance of physical activity and exercise for teenagers, because the continuous practice of physical activity reduces obesity. Keywords: obesity, physical activity and exercise, adolescence.

“Air pollution arrested not imprisoned”: The impact of laws invoked on Covid-19 city lockdowns

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Mensah Aboagye ◽  
◽  
Nana Osei Owusu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Air pollution continues to be an environmental problem that poses a lot of health risks to the young and aged. Developed countries have invested heavily to curb this environmental problem, causing severe threats to human lives, yet the results do not look convincing. In developing countries, the situation is difficult than they can imagine, resulting in governments borrowing to fight what looks like a lost battle [1-3]. The in-depth study of this environmental menace - air pollution, suggests that the government enacts stringent measures to help fight this battle. This is because air pollution has natural (volcanic eruption) and anthropogenic (human activities) causes. In December 2019, the deadly Coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak was soon declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) [4]. Majority of countries have had their share of the impact of this outbreak. Many countries resorted to city lockdown to strictly control the movement of people and economic activities as recommended by WHO.

scholarly journals Body Composition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Before and After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Longitudinal Prospective Study in a Rural Village Struck by the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110477
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Del Brutto ◽  
Robertino M. Mera ◽  
Denisse A. Rumbea ◽  
Pedro Pérez ◽  
Bettsy Y. Recalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Information on the body composition of inhabitants of remote communities during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is limited. Using a longitudinal population-based study design, we assessed the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and changes in body composition. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults living in a rural Ecuadorian village received body composition determinations before and 1 year after the pandemic as well as serological tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The independent association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and abnormalities in body composition at follow-up was assessed by fitting linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Results: Of 327 enrolled individuals, 277 (85%) received baseline and follow-up body composition determinations, and 175 (63%) of them became SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. Overall, diet and physical activity deteriorated during the follow-up. Multivariate random-effects generalized least squares regression models that included the impact of time and seropositivity on follow-up body composition, showed that neither variable contributed to a worsening in body composition. Multivariate logistic regression models disclosed that the serological status at follow-up cannot be predicted by differences in body composition and other baseline covariates. Conclusions: Study results suggest no increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among older adults with abnormal body composition and no significant changes as a result of worse physical activity and dietary habits or seropositivity during the length of the study. Together with a previous study in the same population that showed decrease in hand-grip strength after SARS-CoV-2, results confirm that dynapenia (and not sarcopenia) is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults.

scholarly journals Overweight and Obesity Epidemic in Developing Countries: A Problem with Diet, Physical Activity, or Socioeconomic Status?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trishnee Bhurosy ◽  
Rajesh Jeewon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Obese Individual ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern

Obesity is a significant public health concern affecting more than half a billion people worldwide. Obesity rise is not only limited to developed countries, but to developing nations as well. This paper aims to compare the mean body mass index trends in the World Health Organisation- (WHO-) categorised regions since 1980 to 2008 and secondly to appraise how socioeconomic disparities can lead to differences in obesity and physical activity level across developing nations. Taking into account past and current BMI trends, it is anticipated that obesity will continue to take a significant ascent, as observed by the sharp increase from 1999 to 2008. Gender differences in BMI will continue to be as apparent, that is, women showing a higher BMI trend than men. In the coming years, the maximum mean BMI in more developed countries might be exceeded by those in less developed ones. Rather than focusing on obesity at the individual level, the immediate environment of the obese individual to broader socioeconomic contexts should be targeted. Most importantly, incentives at several organisational levels, the media, and educational institutions along with changes in food policies will need to be provided to low-income populations.

The role of exercise self-efficacy, perceived exertion, event-related stress, and demographic factors in predicting physical activity among college freshmen

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Brannagan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
College Freshmen ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: The focus of this study was to examine the relationship among precursors to physical activity, including exercise self-efficacy, perceived exertion, stress, and demographic factors, among college students. Design: This study employed an associational design. Setting: The study population was college freshmen in southeast Louisiana who were between the ages of 18 and 24 years. Method: A path analysis was used to examine the strength and directional relationship among variables depicted in Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) and to determine the structure of the relationships among the variables in the conceptual map. Path coefficients were used to determine whether the independent variables (exercise self-efficacy, stress, perceived exertion, demographic factors) as depicted in the path diagram made a unique contribution to predicting physical activity (dependent variable) or if the relationships between stress, perceived exertion, and physical activity, are mediated by exercise self-efficacy. Results: Study results portrayed a relationship between perceived exertion and exercise self-efficacy and a relationship between a person’s belief in their ability to stick to an exercise programme (self-efficacy) and their level of activity. Compared to their counterparts, this study’s population had lower levels of usual physical activity, but heightened levels of physical activity immediately following hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Conclusion: This study adds to the body of knowledge related to predictors of physical activity and the applicability of Pender’s HPM to such studies. The study also provides insight into the impact of a natural disaster on physical activity.

scholarly journals Mental Health and Physical Activity: A COVID-19 Viewpoint

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Sunday O. Onagbiye ◽  
Zandile June-Rose Mchiza ◽  
Ezihe L. Ahanonu ◽  
Susan H. Bassett ◽  
Andre Travill
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

COVID-19, which has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation, has become a public health emergency across the globe. It is a highly contagious disease, which elicits high levels of fear amongst the world population and is considered a threat to the world economy. As a response to this pandemic, international governments have devised unconventional measures to guard the health of their citizenry. Among these are the “new normal” country lockdown that mandates working from home, home-schooling of children, and physical/social distancing from friends and family. For the majority, this has resulted in momentary job loss and loneliness, and other psychological illnesses. Hence millions are frightened, depressed and panic easily as a result of the tension due to the uncertainty, which interferes with their job performance, livelihoods, international trade and the world economy. If not mitigated, this is likely to cause physical health deterioration, with severe mental illness being the outcome. To reduce mental health illnesses during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, evidence suggests prioritising regular participation in physical activity and exercise across lifespan. It is also important for medical experts who specialise in the care and management of mental health to recognise physical activity and exercise as a medicine that can ameliorate some mental illnesses and their associated risk factors.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Measures and Human Dignity in Colombia: Restrictions of Fundamental Rights in Bogotá and Valle de Aburrá during the March-June 2020 Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (40) ◽  
pp. 551-578
Author(s):  
Gladis Cecilia Villegas Arias
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Regulatory Impact Analysis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this article is to analyze the impact that the regulations issued under the national lockdown declared by the Colombian government during the crisis caused by COVID-19 had on human dignity. A qualitative analysis inspired on the methodology of regulatory impact analysis was applied to secondary data extracted from publications by the World Health Organization (WHO); the national government of Colombia; the local governments of Bogota and the municipalities included in the Metropolitan Area of the Aburra Valley; as well as to news published in relevant newspapers of the country during the episode under study. Results indicated that perceptions of legitimacy of institutions, ability to make decisions, sources of material life, social interactions, social controls, relationships to space, mental health, and controls over the body, were aspects of human dignity negatively impacted by the ruling during this episode. The main conclusion of this article is that citizens of Colombia under the ruling of biology lost many rights that the species had gained for protecting human dignity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of thinness and its effect on height velocity in schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassib Narchi ◽  
Afaf Alblooshi ◽  
Maisoon Altunaiji ◽  
Nawal Alali ◽  
Latifa Alshehhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveIn contrast to childhood obesity, studies involving thin children are much fewer, especially in developed countries. Furthermore, most reports do not address the impact of childhood thinness on height velocity. This study investigated the prevalence of thinness and its effect on height velocity in schoolchildren in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Weight and height were measured in 29,410 schoolchildren (50.5% females), as part of the health assessment (academic year 2014–2015). The body mass index (BMI) was classified as normal, thinness, overweight, or obese using cutoffs established by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), World Health Organization, and Centers for Disease Control.ResultsThe median age was 10.2 years (range, 3–19). Using the IOTF scale, one-quarter of the children aged 4–6 years and one-third of the children aged 7–9 years were thin (BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2). Thinness was less prevalent (8–10%) in adolescents. Group peak height velocity was delayed 1–3 years in thin children and was higher in children with excess body fat. In conclusion thinness was the highest (25–33%) in children aged 4–9 years of age and their peak height velocity was delayed 1–3 years when compared to the other children.

Jarduera fisikoa guztion osasuna eta ongizatea hobetzeko tresna

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Irazusta
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise ◽  
The Impact

LABURPENA: Nazio Batuen Garapen Jasangarriko 2030 Agendaren hirugarren helburua da guztiontzat eta adin guztietan bizimodu osasungarria bermatzea eta ongizatea sustatzea. Munduko Osasun Erakundearen arabera, jarduera fisikoa munduko hilkortasun arriskua murrizten duen faktore garrantzitsua da. Lan honen helburua da jarduera fisikoak eta bere modu egituratuak, ariketa fisikoak, pertsona ororentzat dituzten onurak laburbiltzea eta pertsona nagusietan eta populazio zaurgarrienetan dituen eraginetan sakontzea. Gaur egun jakina da, jarduera eta ariketa fisikoa gaixotasun kroniko nagusienen prebentzioan eta tratamenduan eraginkorra direla. Aldi berean, pertsonen ongizatea eta bizi kalitatea hobetzen laguntzen dute. Oro har, ikertzaileak bat datoz, jarduera eta ariketa fisikoak onura nabariak sortzen dituzte adin eta egoera fisiko ia guztietako pertsonetan, baita ere hauskor eta zaurgarrienetan. Talde hauetan, azken urteetan ikerketan aurrerapen handiak egin dira. Orain dela gutxi arte, oso intentsitate baxuko mugikortasun programak proposatzen zitzaizkien eta gaur egun indarra eta erresistentzia aerobikoa intentsitate handiagoan lantzea onura gehiago ematen dizkietela frogatu da. Jarduera eta ariketa fisikoaren eragina ez da alde fisikora mugatzen, kognizioan, ongizate emozionalean eta gizarte sareen eraketan ere eragin positiboak dituela behatu baita. Hala ere, jarduera fisikoa onuragarria izateko banakoari egokitua, progresiboa eta egingarria izan behar du. Etorkizunerako erronka da pertsona guztiek bere neurriko jarduera fisikoa egiteko aukera izatea, guztien osasuna eta ongizatea hobetzeko. Honek Nazio Batuetako 2030 Agendaren hirugarren helburua betetzen lagunduko digu.   ABSTRACT:The third goal of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing at all ages. According to the World Health Organization,  physical activity is an important factor that reduces the risk of global mortality.The aim of this revision is to summarize the benefits of physical activity and exercise and  to delve deeper on their benefits on elder and vulnerable population. Nowdays, it is widely accepted that hysical activity and exercise have proved their effectiveness in the prevention and treatment of the main chronic diseases. At the same time, they contribute to improving well-being and quality of life. In general, researchers agree, physical activity and exercise have benefits for people of all ages and almost all physical conditions, even the most frail and vulnerable. In these groups, there have been important advances in research in the last few years. Until recently, very low intensity mobility programs were proposed to them and today it has been shown that working out on strength and aerobic endurance at higher intensities gives them greater benefits. The impact of physical activity and exercise is not limited to physical parameters, as it has been observed that it also has positive effects on cognition, emotional well-being and the formation of social networks. However, to be beneficial physical activity must be individually adappted, progressive and feasible. The challenge for the future is that each individual has the opportunity to perform tailored physical activity to improve health and well-being of everybody. This will bring us closer to achieve the third goal of the United Nations 2030 Agenda.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Aetiology and Development of Uveal Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Melissa Chalada ◽  
Charmaine A. Ramlogan-Steel ◽  
Bijay P. Dhungel ◽  
Christopher J. Layton ◽  
Jason C. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Uveal melanoma (UM) is currently classified by the World Health Organisation as a melanoma caused by risk factors other than cumulative solar damage. However, factors relating to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) susceptibility such as light-coloured skin and eyes, propensity to burn, and proximity to the equator, frequently correlate with higher risk of UM. These risk factors echo those of the far more common cutaneous melanoma (CM), which is widely accepted to be caused by excessive UVR exposure, suggesting a role of UVR in the development and progression of a proportion of UM. Indeed, this could mean that countries, such as Australia, with high UVR exposure and the highest incidences of CM would represent a similarly high incidence of UM if UVR exposure is truly involved. Most cases of UM lack the typical genetic mutations that are related to UVR damage, although recent evidence in a small minority of cases has shown otherwise. This review therefore reassesses statistical, environmental, anatomical, and physiological evidence for and against the role of UVR in the aetiology of UM.

scholarly journals Riding the waves: the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on a national surgical training cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orla Hennessy ◽  
Amy Lee Fowler ◽  
Conor Hennessy ◽  
David Brinkman ◽  
Aisling Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Surgical Services ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Secondary Survey ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The World Health Organisation declared a global pandemic on the 11 March 2020 resulting in implementation of methods to contain viral spread, including curtailment of all elective and non-emergent interventions. Many institutions have experienced changes in rostering practices and redeployment of trainees to non-surgical services. Examinations, study days, courses, and conferences have been cancelled. These changes have the potential to significantly impact the education and training of surgical trainees. Aim To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on training, educational, and operative experiences of Irish surgical trainees. Methods Surgical trainees were surveyed anonymously regarding changes in working and educational practices since the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic on 11 March 2020. The survey was circulated in May 2020 to both core and higher RCSI surgical trainees, when restrictions were at level five. Questions included previous and current access to operative sessions as well as operative cases, previous and current educational activities, access to senior-led training, and access to simulation-/practical-based training methods. A repeat survey was carried out in October 2020 when restrictions were at level two. Results Overall, primary and secondary survey response rates were 29% (n = 98/340) and 19.1% (n = 65/340), respectively. At the time of circulation of the second survey, the number of operative sessions attended and cases performed had significantly improved to numbers experienced pre-pandemic (p < 0.0001). Exposure to formal teaching and education sessions returned to pre-COVID levels (p < 0.0001). Initially, 23% of trainees had an examination cancelled; 53% of these trainees have subsequently sat these examinations. Of note 27.7% had courses cancelled, and 97% of these had not been rescheduled. Conclusion Surgical training and education have been significantly impacted in light of COVID-19. This is likely to continue to fluctuate in line with subsequent waves. Significant efforts have to be made to enable trainees to meet educational and operative targets.

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