The Association Between Protective Actions and Homicide Risk: Findings From the Oklahoma Lethality Assessment Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Theresa Messing ◽  
Jacquelyn C. Campbell ◽  
Sheryll Brown ◽  
Beverly Patchell ◽  
David K. Androff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Assessment Study ◽  
High Risk Category ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Domestic Violence Services

This study focuses on the relationship between women’s risk of homicide as measured by the Danger Assessment and 13 protective actions. Participants (N = 432) experienced an incident of police involved intimate partner violence (IPV) and subsequently completed a structured telephone interview. Most women in this sample experienced severe violence and were classified as being at high risk for homicide. Participants engaged in an average of 3.81 (SD = 2.73) protective actions. With the exception of the use of formal domestic violence services, women in the high-risk category were significantly more likely than women in the lower risk category to have used each of the protective actions examined. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals The REDS score: a new scoring system to risk-stratify emergency department suspected sepsis: a derivation and validation study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e030922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narani Sivayoham ◽  
Lesley A Blake ◽  
Shafi E Tharimoopantavida ◽  
Saad Chughtai ◽  
Adil N Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prediction Rule ◽  
Clinical Prediction Rule ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Suspected Sepsis ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Derivation Cohort ◽  
High Risk Category ◽  
Component Scores

ObjectiveTo derive and validate a new clinical prediction rule to risk-stratify emergency department (ED) patients admitted with suspected sepsis.DesignRetrospective prognostic study of prospectively collected data.SettingED.ParticipantsPatients aged ≥18 years who met two Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome criteria or one Red Flag sepsis criteria on arrival, received intravenous antibiotics for a suspected infection and admitted.Primary outcome measureIn-hospital all-cause mortality.MethodThe data were divided into derivation and validation cohorts. The simplified-Mortality in Severe Sepsis in the ED score and quick-SOFA scores, refractory hypotension and lactate were collectively termed ‘component scores’ and cumulatively termed the ‘Risk-stratification of ED suspected Sepsis (REDS) score’. Each patient in the derivation cohort received a score (0–3) for each component score. The REDS score ranged from 0 to 12. The component scores were subject to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves for the REDS and the components scores were constructed and their cut-off points identified. Scores above the cut-off points were deemed high-risk. The area under the ROC (AUROC) curves and sensitivity for mortality of the high-risk category of the REDS score and component scores were compared. The REDS score was internally validated.Results2115 patients of whom 282 (13.3%) died in hospital. Derivation cohort: 1078 patients with 140 deaths (13%). The AUROC curve with 95% CI, cut-off point and sensitivity for mortality (95% CI) of the high-risk category of the REDS score were: derivation: 0.78 (0.75 to 0.80); ≥3; 85.0 (78 to 90.5). Validation: 0.74 (0.71 to 0.76); ≥3; 84.5 (77.5 to 90.0). The AUROC curve and the sensitivity for mortality of the REDS score was better than that of the component scores. Specificity and mortality rates for REDS scores of ≥3, ≥5 and ≥7 were 54.8%, 88.8% and 96.9% and 21.8%, 36.0% and 49.1%, respectively.ConclusionThe REDS score is a simple and objective score to risk-stratify ED patients with suspected sepsis.

Blood Alcohol and Social Drinking

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Flanagan ◽  
G. K. Lochridge ◽  
J.G. Henry ◽  
A. J. Hadlow ◽  
P. A. Hamer
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
High Risk Category ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
Blood Alcohol Levels ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation

A field study was carried out using 131 volunteers in an attempt to relate alcohol consumption at 12 social functions with actual blood alcohol levels under reasonably controlled conditions. Food, taken at 7 of these functions, caused an unpredictable delay in alcohol absorption and some subjects had blood alcohol figures approaching recently defined ‘high risk’ levels. Better correlation was found at those functions without food intake, but again there was considerable individual variation. In 36 subjects samples were taken on the following morning. About 12 per cent showed significantly raised levels but all were under the legal limit for driving. The authors are concerned that other factors in addition to the alcohol level should be considered before a driver is placed in the ‘high risk’ category.

Relationship between Oncotype DX testing and the use of chemotherapy in high-risk patients (pts).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6098-6098
Author(s):  
Winston Wong ◽  
Joseph Cooper ◽  
Steve Richardson ◽  
Bruce A. Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Oncotype Dx ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
High Risk Category

6098 Background: CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield (CFBCBS) insurance network partnered with Cardinal Health Specialty Solutions (CHSS) to develop a cancer care pathway for network physicians in 2008. The program included a recommendation for molecular diagnostic testing with the Oncotype DX assay for pts with early-stage estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Based on NCCN guidelines, the pathway suggested adjuvant chemotherapy for all pts with Oncotype DX Recurrence Scores (RS) in the high-risk category. We aimed to determine the RS risk distribution among pts who received Oncotype DX testing and assess the patterns of care that followed. Methods: Using data from CFBCBS, CHSS proprietary claims software, and Genomic Health, we retrospectively identified a cohort of women with breast cancer who were treated on the CFBCBS clinical care pathways program from 8/2008 to 6/2011 and received Oncotype DX testing. We determined the number of pts with a RS value in the low- (RS <18), intermediate- (RS 18-30), and high-risk (RS ≥31) groups along with the number of pts who subsequently received chemotherapy in each category. Results: Of 1174 women who received Oncotype DX testing, 53% of pts were in the low-, 35% in intermediate-, and 12% in the high-risk groups. Five percent of low-, 41% of intermediate-, and 74% percent of pts in the high-risk category were treated with chemotherapy. Twenty-six percent of pts in the high-risk group did not receive chemotherapy. Conclusions: The proportionate use of chemotherapy in the low and intermediate risk groups was as expected based on adjuvant chemotherapy guidelines; however, the underuse of chemotherapy in 26% of high-risk pts was an unexpected finding. Further study is needed to determine: (1) why physicians avoided chemotherapy in 26% of high-risk pts; (2) the overall number of appropriate pts who underwent Oncotype DX testing; and, (3) the tumor characteristics that may have driven the underutilization of chemotherapy in the high-risk population.

scholarly journals Prediction of risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus using Indian diabetes risk score: a cross sectional study in urban field practice area of a medical college, Bagalkot

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2853
Author(s):  
Basavaraj S. Mannapur ◽  
Bhagyalaxmi S. Sidenur ◽  
Ashok S. Dorle
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
High Risk Category ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Diabetes Risk Score

Background: Diabetes is considered as a global emergency where a person dies from diabetes every 6 seconds and diabetes is seen on 1 in 11 adults. Identification of individuals who are at risk is very much necessary to prevent diabetes in India. IDRS could also help to detect people at risk of having prediabetes. The objective of the study were to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the age group of >20 years in urban field practice area of S.N. Medical college, Bagalkot and to identify high risk subjects using Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS).Methods: A cross sectional study was done in urban field practice area of S.N. Medical College among adults >20 years of age with sample size of 207. Systematic random sampling was used to select the subjects. Data was collected using standardised questionnaire which included socio-demographic profile, standard glucometer was used to measure random blood glucose for all participants. IDRS was used to ascertain the risk of developing diabetes. Data was analysed using Pearson’s Chi square test and Fischer exact.Results: The overall prevalence of diabetes was 14.1%. Among 206 subjects, 4.8% were in low risk category. 39.6% and 55.1% were in moderate and high risk category respectively. Total of 11 subjects were newly diagnosed in our study. Among them 10 subjects were in the high risk category and 1 was in the low risk category. Sensitivity of IDRS was 90%, specificity 50%, positive predictive value 43.8% and negative predictive value 96.74%..Conclusions: This study estimates the usefulness of simplified Indian diabetes risk score for identifying high risk diabetic subjects in the community. It can be used routinely in commu­nity-based screening to find out high risk people for diabetes so that proper intervention can be done to reduce the burden of the disease. 

scholarly journals Changing Clusters of Indian States with respect to number of Cases of COVID-19 using incrementalKMN Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabinder Kumar Prasad ◽  
Rosy Sarmah ◽  
Subrata Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Indian States ◽  
High Risk Category ◽  
First Case ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) incidence in India is currently experiencing exponential rise with apparent spatial variation in growth rate and doubling time. We classify the states into five clusters with low to high-risk category and identify how the different states moved from one cluster to the other since the onset of the first case on $30^{th}$ January 2020 till the end of $15^{th}$ September 2020. We cluster the Indian states into $5$ groups using incrementalKMN clustering \cite{b1}. We observed and comment on the changing scenario of the formation of the clusters starting from before lockdown, through lockdown and the various unlock phases.

Complexities of the Police Response to Intimate Partner Violence: Police Officers’ Perspectives on the Challenges of Keeping Families Safe

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093442
Author(s):  
Michael D. Saxton ◽  
Peter G. Jaffe ◽  
Myrna Dawson ◽  
Anna-Lee Straatman ◽  
Laura Olszowy
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Through interviews with police officers ( n = 15), the present study examined police perspectives toward their response to intimate partner violence (IPV). Qualitative analyses indicated several challenges police officers face in responding to IPV, including barriers at the systemic, organizational, and individual levels. Police officers in the current study also identified recommendations toward overcoming barriers. Overall, results continue to underscore a lack of police consistency toward addressing IPV, including inconsistent approaches to assessing and managing risk posed to families. Conversely, qualitative results point to several recommendations that heavily involve collaboration between community and justice partners. Implications for future research and practice include further examination of the identified recommendations, a continued focus on developing training that addresses the risk posed to high-risk families, and further development of collaborative approaches toward the prevention and intervention of IPV.

Comparing Indonesian men's health-seeking behavior and likelihood to suffer from illness across sociodemographic factors

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
High Risk Category ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Primary Health Facilities

Background and objective: This study aims to examine men's health-seeking behavior and likelihood to suffer from acute diseases compared to women. Material and methods: We used the Indonesian National Health Insurance Agency for the period of 2015 and 2016 to obtain information about transactions in primary health facilities. We analyzed the data using negative binomial regression and logistic regression. The incidence rate ratio of health-seeking frequency and the odds ratio of men (compared to women) suffering from infectious diseases (i.e., acute upper respiratory infection; the number one acute disease in Indonesia), top three diagnoses, and non-communicable disease (i.e., mental illness) were assessed. Other sociodemographic variables i.e., age, marital status, and the source of National Health Insurance funding were also analyzed. Results: This study found that adolescent males visited primary health facilities the least often compared to all age groups and were among the top three age groups of men who were most likely to suffer from acute and mental illnesses. Low-income and divorced, self-employed and married, and employed and divorced adolescent men were in the high-risk category of suffering from acute illness; on the other hand, adolescent men who were married and poor were in the high-risk category of suffering from mental illness. This study also found that young men were suffering from acute disease and mental illness, which is worrying for a developing country such as Indonesia. Conclusion: Urgent interventions should be considered moving forward. The findings of this study suggest that men who marry at a young age may experience negative health outcomes.

The Relationship Between Victimization and Cognitive Schemata Among Episodically Homeless, Seriously Mentally Ill Women

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Goodman ◽  
Mary A. Dutton
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Cognitive Schemata ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Seriously Mentally Ill ◽  
The Relationship

This study explored the extent to which specific aspects of violent victimization are associated with cognitive schemata in the context of ongoing, often lifelong, trauma and negative life events. Specifically, we examined the relationships between cognitive schemata (safety, self- and other esteem, intimacy, and trust) and three dimensions of physical and sexual assault histories (recentness, frequency, and variety) among 91 predominantly African American, episodically homeless, seriously mentally ill women. Findings indicated that even in the context of pervasive violence, more frequent, recent, and varied abuse was associated with more negative cognitive schemata. We discuss these findings in the context of research and practice with disenfranchised populations at high risk for violent victimization.

scholarly journals Management of Type II Diabetes by Modulating the Modifiable Risk Factors: A Future Roadmap for Prevention of Cerebrovascular Complications

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312110000
Author(s):  
Kanupriya Sharma ◽  
Priya Battu ◽  
Akshay Anand ◽  
Raghuram Nagarathna ◽  
Navneet Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Cerebrovascular Complications ◽  
High Risk Category

Background: Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a screening tool for quantifying the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) development in the Indian population. The present study has evaluated the level of risk of developing DM in Chandigarh and Panchkula based on the IDRS score. Methods: As a part of a national diabetes control trial funded by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, 1,916 participants from the Chandigarh and Panchkula regions were assessed for the risk of developing DM. Risk assessment was done on the basis of the IDRS score which includes age, family history, waist circumference, and physical activity as its contributing factors. Participants with an IDRS score <30 were in the low-risk category, those with 30 to 50 were in the moderate-risk category, and those with >60 were in the high-risk category for DM. Results: Out of the 1,916 screened respondents (59.86% females and 40.14% males), 894 participants (46.65%) were at a high risk for DM (IDRS >60), 764 (39.87%) were at a moderate risk (IDRS = 30–60), and 258 (13.46%) were at a low risk (IDRS <30). Waist circumference contributed to 35.90% of the high-risk category followed by age (19.67%) and physical activity (11.67%). Age and waist circumference also showed a strong correlation with the total IDRS score. Conclusion: The Chandigarh and Panchkula population showed a high tendency to develop DM based on the IDRS score. Modifiable risk factors such as waist circumference and physical activity were the major contributing factors. Apart from the modifiable risk factors, age was also another major contributing risk factor. Based on these outcomes, lifestyle modifications like yoga and exercise can be proposed for this population as a preventive approach to reduce the risk of developing DM and other associated cerebrovascular complications.

scholarly journals LENT score in prognostic assessment of malignant pleural effusion – the impact of target therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Sousa ◽  
◽  
João Caldeira ◽  
Ana Figueiredo ◽  
Fernando Barata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Malignant Pleural Effusion ◽  
Advanced Lung Cancer ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
High Risk Category

Introduction: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common manifestation in patients with advanced lung cancer. The LENT score was developed as a risk stratification system to predict the survival of these patients. However, following the discovery of molecular markers and a new era of personalized therapy, prognostic estimation became a challenging exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of LENT score in predicting MPE survival in EGFR and ALK mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: A retrospective single-center study of patients with MPE from lung adenocarcinoma followed between January 2008 to December 2018. Results: Forty-two patients were included in the study (mean age 76.4 ± 12.6 years, 52% female). Of these patients, 29% exhibited EGFR gene mutation or ALK gene translocation and received tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy (TKI), in contrast to 71% of patients without identification of mutational factors and receiving conventional chemotherapy. Based on LENT score, in the sub-group treated with conventional chemotherapy, 67% had a moderate-risk category and 33% a high-risk category, with a median overall survival (OS) of 109 (31-406) and 36 (11-77) days, respectively. In the sub-group treated with targeted therapy, 75% were in a moderate-risk category and 25% in a high-risk category with a median OS of 1033 (245-1710) and 238 (27-not available) days, respectively. Patients receiving targeted therapy had a longer survival than patients receiving conventional chemotherapy in all LENT score risk categories (p<0.05). Conclusions: OS in patients with MPE due to lung adenocarcinoma was similar to that predicted by the LENT score, except for patients with EGFR mutation or ALK translocation. In this subgroup, the LENT score seems to underestimate the prognosis. Although this study has limitations regarding sample size, it does reveal, in the present time, some inaccuracy of the LENT score, demonstrating that it needs to be reviewed and revalidated in view of recent therapeutic advances.

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