scholarly journals EFFECT OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI L. EXTRACT AS IMMUNOSTIMULATOR ON CHICKEN VACCINATED BY NEWCASTLE DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Jola Rahmahani ◽  
Rahaju Ernawati ◽  
Didik Handijatno
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Antibody Synthesis ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Before And After

Newcastle Disease or tetelo is one of main problem in poultry Industry in Indonesia. Prevention such as biosecurity control and routin vaccination program have been conducted to overcome this problem, but they have not given any great impact. Phyllanthus Niruri L. or meniran is well known as immunostimulatory. This research was aimed to reveal effect of Phyllanthus Niruri L. extract on chicken vaccinated with live vaccine LaSota. Administration of Phyllanthus Niruri L. extract was conducted on three different time which were 7 days before vaccination, 1 days after vaccination, and 3 days before and after vaccination. The amount of Phyllanthus Niruri L. extract administered were 2 ml, 2.5 ml, and 3 ml orally. Data of antibody titre were collected for 4 weeks after the treatment. It was obtained by measuring the antibody through Haemagglutination Inhibition test each week. According to the result Phyllanthus Niruri L. extract could increase the amount of antibody titre against Newcastle Disease. The amount of Phyllanthus Niruri L. extract given that capable to induced maximum of antibody titre was administered 1 days after the vaccination with amount 2.5 ml. It is suggested that Phyllanthus Niruri L. extract should be administered post vaccination to boost antibody synthesis.

Vaccination of broilers against Newcastle disease in the presence of maternally derived antibodies

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máté Halas ◽  
Tamás Süli ◽  
Anto Vrdoljak
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Protection Rate ◽  
Virulent Virus ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Test Points

Summary Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine against Newcastle disease in broilers with different levels of maternally derived antibodies (MDA). While vaccination remains the single most important means for controlling Newcastle disease, presence of MDA may interfere with the vaccination of young birds and decrease the efficacy of the vaccine. Materials and methods: Day-old chicks with variable levels of MDA (negative, low and high) were vaccinated with a live attenuated vaccine against Newcastle disease. Three most commonly used inoculation routes were compared; oculonasal, spray and oral (drinking water). Onset and duration of immunity were measured by serology and challenge with virulent virus. Results: Immune response in vaccinated MDA-positive birds was delayed in comparison with SPF controls. Protection was well established already at 14 days post vaccination in SPF birds while in MDA-positive birds it was 1–2 weeks delayed and was lower throughout the study. Non-vaccinated MDA-positive birds lost passive protection completely at 3–4 weeks of age and were significantly more susceptible to challenge than vaccinated hatch mates at all test points. The protection rate increased in vaccinated birds towards the end of the experiment and reached 70–100 % at the last test points (35–42 days of age). Correlation of haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titre vs. protection rate revealed the importance of cellular and local immunity as most of the vaccinated birds with low HI titre were protected, contrary to their unvaccinated hatch mates with the same HI titre. Oculonasal route seems to provide slightly better protection than the other two routes. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Although immune protection in vaccinated MDA-positive birds may be decreased or delayed, vaccination still provides high protection against ND challenge in comparison with the unvaccinated hatch mates. The degree of interference seems to be proportional to the level of MDA. Vaccination schedules therefore need to be designed according to the immune status of the flock.

Assessment of antibody responses to Newcastle disease vaccination in Nigerian indigenous chicken lines selected for sheep red blood cell antigen

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
A.S. Adenaike ◽  
◽  
O.D. Adenaike ◽  
M.A. Opoola ◽  
C.O.N. Ikeobi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
Chicken Line ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Antibody Titres

This research was carried out to evaluate serum haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres to a Newcastle disease virus vaccine in two Nigerian indigenous chicken lines selected for sheep red blood cell antigens. One hundred Nigerian indigenous chickens were used. These chickens belonged to the fourth generation of flock that had been divergently distinguished into a high antibody titre chicken line (HATC) and a low antibody titre chicken line (LATC). Chicks were given a NDV vaccine at six weeks of age, while blood samples were collected from each chick at seven days post-administration. The antibody titres of chicks were determined through a haemagglutination inhibition test and the data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS 9.2 version. It was found that sex had no significant effect on the antibody titre values (p>0.05), while the genetic line and sex by genetic line interaction had significant effects on the antibody titre values. Female chicks of LATC recorded a significantly lower ND antibody titre (4.21+0.47) compared to HATC females (8.04+2.02). Also, male chicks of LATC recorded a significantly lower ND antibody titre (4.26+1.20) compared to HATC males (7.25+0.48). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between male and female chicks of LATC as well as between male and female chicks of HATC. Based on the differences observed in ND antibody titres between the genetic lines, emphasis should be placed on policies to develop HATC and LATC along ND resistance. Therefore, we recommend that when considering ND infection which exerts substantial losses to the poultry industry, HATC should be favoured over LATC.

PSX-B-24 Influence of the immunomodulatory drug Azoxivet on the post-vaccination immune response in laying hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 269-269
Author(s):  
Valentina Sabrekova ◽  
Maxim Korenyuga ◽  
Elena Konovalova ◽  
Natalia Rodionova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Immunomodulatory Drug

Abstract Vaccination is a primary way to prevent infectious disease in poultry. The quality of immune response depends on the immune status of the body which, in turn, depends on many endogenous and exogenous factors. This study analyzed the effect of the immunomodulatory drug Azoxivet on the immune response in laying hens after vaccination against Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bursal Disease. There were 4 groups of Loman White cross laying hens (n=20). At age 120 days, all hens habitated in individual cages with an area of 0,15 m2. The conditions of keeping and feeding matched breed requirements. All groups were vaccinated against Newcastle Disease (NDV) (LaSota strain) and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) (Winterfield 2512 strain). All groups received Azoxivet (Az) at a dose of 0,3 mg/kg in water three times daily. Blood sera were collected weekly for serological studies using BioChek IBD and NDV test systems. The antibody level of all hens before and after vaccination: 1378 (IBD+Az) vs. 1674,93 (IBD) (P < 0,05), 5194,75 (NDV+Az) vs. 5612,87 (NDV) (P < 0,05). After one week of vaccination: 5931,25 (IBD+Az) vs. 5006,14 (IBD) (P < 0,05), 6207,58 (NDV+Az) vs. 5765,21 (NDV) (P < 0,05). Two weeks: 11086,00 (IBD+Az) vs. 10485,83 (IBD) (P < 0,05), 11255,25 (NDV+Az) vs. 8478,75 (NDV) (P < 0,05). Three weeks: 11478 (IBD+Az) vs. 8286 (IBD) (P < 0,05), 14725 (NDV+Az) vs. 12677 (NDV) (P < 0,05). Four weeks: 12999 (IBD+Az) vs. 1009,67 (IBD) (P < 0,05), 17399 (NDV+Az) vs. 16373,17 (NDV) (P < 0,05). Five weeks: 13601,15 (IBD+Az) vs. 9021,30 (IBD) (P < 0,05), 19671 (NDV+Az) vs. 16309 (NDV) (P < 0,05). Thus, Azaxul had a positive influence on the post-vaccination immune response in laying hens when used after Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bursal Disease vaccines. The results of the study can be used to improve disease prevention in poultry farming.

scholarly journals Humoral response of broilers to live Newcastle Disease virus vaccines manufactured by different companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Muhammad Danish Mehmood ◽  
Huma Anwar ◽  
Aamra Hashim ◽  
Muhammad Ismail ◽  
Sajjad Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Schedule ◽  
Vaccination Scheme ◽  
Time Periods

Increased incidence and severity of fatal Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in commercial and domestic poultry has been reported from across Pakistan. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of various live NDV vaccines (Gallivac, Intervet and Ceva) by adapting different vaccination schemes in broilers. Antigenic count of each vaccine and its generated antibody were determined by Haeamagglutination and Haemagglutination inhibition tests respectively. Two different NDV vaccination schemes were tested in such a way that one group had received three vaccines in different time periods whereas, the other after priming at 0 day, was followed by a single booster dose. For this purpose, healthy broilers were divided into four groups A, B, C, and D. On zero day of vaccination, there was no detectable anti NDV-HI titer for all vaccines (Gallivac=2, Intervet=2 & Ceva=2). In first vaccination scheme, detectable anti NDV-HI titer was observed on 16th day of vaccination (Gallivac=3.8, Intervet=4.2 & Ceva=3.6). All vaccines showed protective anti NDV-HI titer on 32nd day, post vaccination (Gallivac=5.8, Intervet=6.2, Ceva=5.8). In second vaccination scheme, detectable anti NDV-HI titer was achieved on 16th day of post vaccination (Gallivac=3.8, Intervet=4.2 & Ceva=3.6). While on 32nd day vaccination, all vaccines showed protective anti NDV-HI titer (Gallivac=5.4, Intervet=5.6 & Ceva=5.2). It is concluded that the two-dose vaccination program, with interval of 12 days, is much effective than the 3-dose vaccination scheme. However, in broilers, anti-NDV antibody titer was induced by all three types of vaccines manufactured by various companies. Keywords: Newcastle disease virus, Humoral Response, Haemagglutination inhibition test, Vaccine schedule

scholarly journals Overdose Administration of Thermostable Newcastle Disease Vaccines to Naïve Unvaccinated 6 Weeks Old Cockerels at NVRI, Vom Plateau state, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
A. N. Egbuji ◽  
A. Chukwuedo ◽  
L. N. Shedua ◽  
J. K. Gyallak ◽  
L. N. Swomen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Normal Dose ◽  
Veterinary Research ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Immune Profiling

One hundred and fifty (150) unvaccinated 6 weeks old cockerel were divided into six groups of 25 birds each. Pre-vaccination haemagglutination inhibition (HI) mean titers values of 21.4, <21, 21 <21   21 and 21.6 were observed for groups A, B, C, D E and F respectively. Two batches of Newcastle Disease vaccine (NDVI-2) of 50 and 200 doses produced at National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, with EID50 value of 7.7 and 7.6 per dose were administered to groups B and D at 10x (10 times the normal dose) of NDVI-2 via the intra-ocular and intranasal routes. The rest of the groups were administered normal doses of NDVI-2 through the intra-ocular route. Consequently, 40% of the vaccinated birds were randomly selected and sero-monitored twice at 2 and 4 weeks intervals.  No observable ND clinical signs were seen in both groups B and D irrespective of the vaccine over dosage. Post-vaccination (HI) immune profiling of the vaccinated flock revealed steady increase in the HI mean titer value per group, while groups B and D which had 10x the normal dose showed high response in comparison to groups that had NDVI-2 standard dose. HI immune profile results 2 weeks post-vaccination revealed HI mean titer values of 23.0, 24.0, 23.2 24.2 23.6 and 24.4 for groups A, B, C, D, E and F respectively; week 4 post-vaccination haemagglutination inhibition mean titer values of 23.6, 25.4, 23.0 25.7  25.2 and 24.0 for the respective groups. Week 8 HI mean titer values of 22.2, 21.8, 22.4 22.5 23.2 and   21.8 were equally observed. While week 12 HI mean titer values of 22.0, 21.8, 22.0 22.0 21.8 and 21.8 were recorded. Post-vaccination HI mean titer values showed that groups B and D with 10x the normal dose had no observable adverse clinical signs but rather high ND antibody response was observed in groups where overdose of standard NDVI-2 vaccine were administered and evidence of ND antibody depletion was equally observed in all the vaccinated groups irrespective of the dose administrated. 

scholarly journals Respons Imun Ayam Petelur Pascavaksinasi Newcastle Disease dan Egg Drop Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Gusti Ayu Kencana ◽  
I Nyoman Suartha ◽  
Daniel Raja Bonar Nainggolan ◽  
Agatha Seren Lumban Tobing
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Main Action

Some viral diseases in poultry could lead to huge losses to the farmers. Newcastle Disease (ND) and Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS) are a group of infectious viral disease that can cause the decreasein egg production. Newcastle Disease is caused by Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (PMV-1) Paramyxoviridae family. The causative agent of EDS is Duck adenovirus-I Adenoviridae family. Both of these diseases affect the economic losses to the poultry. The main action to prevent hens from ND and EDS virus diseases is vaccination. The success ofvaccination can be tested by serology. ND and EDS virus characteristically agglutinate hen’s erythrocyte they have Hemagglutine protein on virus envelope so can be tested by hemagglutination. The study was conducted ona commercial poultry farm in order to determine the success of vaccination against ND and EDS. The hens were vaccinated by Newcastle Disease-Infectious Bronchitis- Egg Drop Syndrome (ND-IB-EDS) inactivated vaccines.Serological test was conducted in pre and post vaccination by using microtiter hemagglutination test. The antibody titre is expressed in units of HI log2. The results of the study, the mean antibody titer against ND pre vaccinationwas 4,53 ± 1,356 HI log2 and antibody titre in 2nd, 3rd and 4th week were 8,67 ± 0,617 HI log2, 7,73 ± 1,335 HI log2 and 5,20 ± 0,862 HI log2 post vaccination. Antibody titre against EDS pre vaccination was 0 ± 0,000 HI log2 and antibody titre post vaccination in 2nd, 3rd and 4th week were 7 ± 1,363 HI log2, 7,27 ± 1,438 HI log2 and 7,6 ± 1,056 HI log2. It showed that ND-IB-EDS inactivated vaccines is serological protective for ND and EDS titres.

Extension

1929 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
The Future ◽  
Before And After

Poultry Industry in Belgium. L'Industrie Avicole by M. Frateur. University of Louvain, Journal de la Société Centrale d'Agriculture de Belgique 1928, p. 162.Description of: Economic importance of the poultry industry, egg-consumption, export of eggs, poultry-industry before and after the war, conservation of eggs; the future of the industry.

scholarly journals The importance of antineuraminidase antibodies in resistance to influenza A and immunologic memory for their synthesis

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Naikhin ◽  
I. M. Tsaritsina ◽  
E. V. Oleinikova ◽  
L. G. Syrodoeva ◽  
N. L. Korchanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Immunologic Memory ◽  
Antibody Synthesis ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Simplified Method

SUMMARYEight hundred and seventy-seven sera from 360 adults aged 18–50 who were under permanent observation from October 1980 to March 1981 have been studied by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and erythrocyte elution-inhibition (EI) tests – a simplified method of antineuraminidase antibody titration. It was demonstrated in some subjects infected with influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 viruses that the antibody rise was to one of the surface antigens only – haemagglutinin or neuraminidase. These subjects made up 5·2–25·8% of all examinees. The protective effect of antibodies to neuraminidase was similar to that of antihaemagglutinins. Interaction of both types of antibodies was observed in protection against the disease. Data have been obtained on the influence of antineuraminidase antibodies in decreasing the severity of natural infection with influenza A.A study of heterologous immunologic responses to haemagglutinin and neuraminidase among persons immunized with live influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 vaccines and among children naturally infected with influenza A H3N2 demonstrated the presence of immunologic memory for antineuraminidase antibody synthesis. Thus, the suggestion of a common antigenic structure for neuraminidase Nl and N2 is made.

scholarly journals Response to influenza vaccination in immunocompromised children with rheumatic disease: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte Jensen ◽  
Susan Nielsen ◽  
Anne Estmann Christensen ◽  
Freddy Karup Pedersen ◽  
Ramona Trebbien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Rheumatic Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Influenza Immunization ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antibody Titres

Abstract Background Prevention of illness due to infection by influenza viruses is important for children with rheumatic diseases. Biological disease modifying antirheumatic drugs have become increasingly important in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and combinations of immunosuppressive drugs are used for the treatment of systemic disorders, which increase the risk of secondary immunodeficiency. Therefore, we investigated whether children with rheumatic disease can mount a protective antibody response after influenza immunization. Methods The prospective multicentre cohort study was conducted in Denmark during the influenza season 2015–2016. Children with rheumatic disease aged six months to 19 years were eligible. Controls were immunologically healthy children. A blood sample was collected before and after vaccination and analysed by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay for the 2015–2016 influenza vaccine-strains. In case of flu-like symptoms the child was tested for influenza. For statistical analyses the patients were grouped according to medical treatment or disease. Results A total of 226 patients and 15 controls were enrolled. No differences were found for the increase of antibodies from pre-vaccine to post-vaccine between the groups in our primary analyses: A/Cal H1N1pdm09 (p = 0.28), A/Swi H3N2 (p = 0.15) and B/Phu Yamagata (p = 0.08). Only when combining patients across groups a lower increase in antibodies was found compared to controls. Among all patients the pre-vaccine rates for seroprotection using the HI-titer cut-off ≥ 40 were 93.1–97.0 % for all three strains. For seroprotection using the HI-titer cut-off ≥ 110 the pre-vaccine rates for all patients were 14.9–43.6 % for all three strains and an increase in the proportions of patients being seroprotected after vaccination was found for A/Cal H1N1pdm09 and A/Swi H3N2. None of the children with flu-like symptoms tested positive for the vaccine strains. Conclusions Children with rheumatic diseases increase in antibody titres after influenza immunization, however, it remains uncertain whether a protective level is achieved.

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