scholarly journals Sociological Analysis of the Resources of the Post-Penitentiary System in Russia and the Effectiveness of Resocialization of Persons Released from Places of Imprisonment

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-169
Author(s):  
Artur R. Abutalipov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Resources ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Human Heredity ◽  
Personal Qualities

People released from prison are a specific social group that is declassified and interned in social relations in conditions of freedom with a certain set of personal qualities and properties acquired in a correctional institution, with a lot of problems (housing, material, psychological, social, family, etc.), and besides that being in the position of a "status-role moratorium". Article updates and analyses the resources of resocialization of convicted in Russia released from places of imprisonment, as the factors that determine the degree of efficiency of the process of adaptation of this category of citizens in freedom. The author believes that a comprehensive approach to the problem of resocialization of persons released from places of imprisonment, which would take into account the fact that criminal behavior is determined by a raw of factors, derived from qualities of determination by three sources: natural (human heredity, genotype), social (economic, cultural, political and other human condition) and personal (the free will of man, his own system of meanings, values and life coordinates). The analysis of the latter showed that ignoring the socio-psychological resources of society in the aggregate of the significance of the psychological characteristics of a person released from prison, and its microsocium as a medium of communication and adaptation becomes a factor in the reproduction of recidivism in Russia.

Chinese "Cancer Villages"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajiang Chen ◽  
Pengli Cheng ◽  
Yajuan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Relationship

The phenomenon of "cancer villages" has emerged in many parts of rural China, drawing media attention and becoming a fact of social life. However, the relationship between pollution and disease is often hard to discern. Through sociological analysis of several villages with different social and economic structures, the authors offer a comprehensive, historically grounded analysis of the coexistence between the incidence of cancer, environmental pollution and villagers’ lifestyles, as well as the perceptions, claims and responses of different actors. They situate the appearance of "cancer villages" in the context of social, economic and cultural change in China, tracing the evolution of the issue over two decades, and providing deep insights into the complex interactions and trade-offs between economic growth, environmental change and public health.

CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES AIMED AT DISORGANIZING THE ACTIVITIES OF INSTITUTIONS THAT PROVIDE ISOLATION FROM SOCIETY, AND THOSE WHO ARE CONVICTED OF COMMITTING THEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Андрей Владимирович Кулаков ◽  
Ольга Рениславовна Родионова
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Prison Staff ◽  
The Creation

В настоящее время создание безопасных условий исполнения и отбывания уголовного наказания в виде лишения свободы, укрепление защищенности сотрудников пенитенциарных учреждений от возможных угроз и опасных посягательств является одной из актуальных задач, стоящих перед уголовно-исполнительной системой. Данная ситуация сложилась в результате современной государственной политики в сфере противодействия преступности, а именно гуманизации наказания, что привело к изменению количественного и качественного состава осужденных, отбывающих наказание в местах лишения свободы, и осложнило оперативную обстановку. В статье отмечается, что несмотря на незначительное количество действий, дезорганизующих работу исправительного учреждения, в структуре пенитенциарной преступности, данные деликты имеют повышенную общественную опасность, так как совершаются в период отбывания наказания, и высокую латентность в силу как объекта (основного, дополнительного и факультативного), так и способа посягательства. Признавая криминологические данные основой для выработки мер противодействия преступности, в том числе пенитенциарной, авторы исследуют показатели одного из видов преступлений, совершаемых в исправительных колониях, - дезорганизация деятельности учреждений, обеспечивающих изоляцию от общества, а также личность преступника. Проведенное исследование позволило дать криминологическую характеристику преступлений, направленных на дезорганизацию деятельности учреждений, обеспечивающих изоляцию от общества, в частности, исправительных учреждений, а также определить особенности личности осужденных, их совершающих. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при разработке теории преступного поведения и личности преступника, в частности, пенитенциарного. Currently, the creation of safe conditions for the execution and serving of criminal sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty, strengthening the protection of prison staff from possible threats and dangerous attacks is one of the urgent tasks facing the penal system. This situation has developed as a result of modern state policy in the field of combating crime, namely, the humanization of punishment, which has led to a change in the quantitative and qualitative composition of convicts serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty, and has complicated the operational situation. The article notes that despite the small number of actions that disorganize the work of a correctional institution, in the structure of penitentiary crime, these torts have an increased public danger, since they are committed during the period of serving a sentence, and high latency due to both the object (both the main and optional) and the method of encroachment. Recognizing criminological data as the basis for developing measures to counteract crime, including penitentiary, the authors study indicators of one of the types of crimes committed in correctional colonies - disorganization of institutions that provide isolation from society, as well as the identity of the criminal. The research made it possible to give criminological characteristics of crimes aimed at disorganizing the activities of institutions that provide isolation from society, in particular correctional institutions, as well as to determine the personality of the convicted person who commits them.The results of the study can be used in the development of a General theory of criminal behavior and the personality of the criminal, and the penitentiary in particular.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHOOL-LEAVERS’ HARDINESS AT THEIR PROFESSIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Ingrida Baranauskienė ◽  
Liudmyla Serdiuk ◽  
Olena Chykhantsova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Subjective Quality Of Life ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Personal Qualities

The article discusses the personal qualities of school-leavers that determine their hardiness at the stage of professional self-determination. It analyzes contemporary theoretical approaches to defining of the essence of the ‘hardiness’ concept. The factors are revealed that contribute to personal hardiness formation in the situation of professional choice. The article determines that hardiness components are related to the parameters of effective self-realization and personal subjective quality of life and hardiness is a key personality formation that mediates stress factor influence on psychological well-being and success in activities

Psychological features of self-affirmation of adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Sh. Aukhadieva ◽  
◽  
N. Akhtaeva ◽  
A. Hananyan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Personal Significance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Recognition ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Psychological Features

The study of the process of self-affirmation of the personality of adolescents allows us to speak about the relevance of this phenomenon in the interests of improving the effectiveness of team leaders to unite the latter and solve educational tasks. The purpose of the study was to study the features of self-affirmation of adolescent children. The author of the article considers the historical aspects of studying the psychological features of self-assertion, analyzes the conditions and opportunities for the manifestation and approval of a person’s individuality. The article substantiates the position that the success of self-affirmation is more related to the satisfaction of a person’s need to assess his /her activity, behavior, and personal qualities from the social environment than to the dissatisfaction of this need. The paper examines the psychological characteristics of adolescence. By self-affirmation of adolescents, the author understands the awareness of their personal significance, the level of their claims, and the formation of an adequate self-esteem. The author believes that the realization of the need for self-affirmation in adolescents is associated with two main conditions: the presence of a certain sphere of activity that will allow the teenager to fully Express and reveal himself; the presence of public recognition of his activities by others.

From Paper to Pixel

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Susan Zieger
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
Friedrich Kittler ◽  
Eve Sedgwick ◽  
Ink Blot ◽  
Lauren Berlant

The introduction lays out the book’s terms, critical concerns, method, and historical and theoretical contexts. Explaining how printed ephemera transformed the texture of everyday middle- and working-class life throughout the nineteenth century, peaking in the 1860s and 1890s, it then shows how affect, itself an ephemeral human condition, registered the new social relations that mass media reorganized. The introduction explains the book’s engagement with theorists of media and mass media such as Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno and Marx Horkheimer, and Friedrich Kittler; and theorists of affect and mass culture such as Eve Sedgwick, Lauren Berlant, and Kathleen Stewart. It describes the cultural evidence the book assembles, such as temperance medals, cigarette cards, ink blot games, and novels; and describes each chapter.

The Human Cost of the Weapons Trade: Small Arms Transfers and Recipient State Homicide

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-597
Author(s):  
Carla Martinez Machain ◽  
Jeffrey Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Arms Transfers ◽  
State Strength ◽  
Societal Actors ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
Weapons Trade ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Empirical research has increasingly turned its attention to ways that international phenomena impact the human condition within countries. International influences have been shown to affect human rights, health, and quality of life within societies. They may also impact microlevel phenomena such as violent criminal behavior. In this study, we build on such recent scholarship and research that bridges the theoretical and empirical gap between international relations research and criminology. Our analysis examines the cross-national relationship between interstate small arms transfers and domestic homicide rates. We suspect that some proportion of weapons from the legal small arms trade find their way into the hands of societal actors and that a prevalence of firearms in society may be associated with elevated homicide rates. State strength should mitigate this relationship, as strong states should have greater ability to manage and to control legal arms shipments than their weaker counterparts. Cross-national empirical tests of small arms flows and homicide rates from 2000 to 2014 support our theoretical claims. They also demonstrate that legal small arms transfers impact only certain types of violent crimes.

Putting the Folk in Their Place

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ullrich Kockel
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Political Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Public Role ◽  
Critical Understanding

The folk, who have been exorcised from contemporary academic concern, are now replaced with the populace. Simultaneously, places as ecological loci of meaning and social relations have been discarded in favour of globalised spaces. Arguably, the contemporary obsession with proving the inauthenticity of tradition is itself an essentialising discourse. This obsession has helped destroy places and their ecological relationships. European ethnology originated in the Enlightenment pursuit of good governance and social improvement, which rendered it an instrument of political control - putting the folk in their place. By critically reconstructing the public role of ethnology, we can redirect the ethnological searchlight. Should not the responsible ethnologist, rather than colluding in evictions of the folk from their place, cultivate a respectfully critical understanding of social, economic, political and ecological contexts, working with the folk reflexively, to help reclaim their place.

PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FIREFIGHTER’S PROFESSIONAL STEREOTYPES

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
K. Yu. Khreshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Professional Work ◽  
Professional Behaviour ◽  
Psychological Training ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Diagnostic Research ◽  
Individual Style ◽  
Standard Operations

The article presents the results of the theoretical and empirical research on professional stereotypes characteristic for specialists working in extreme situations. During professional work, stereotypes concerning the performed professional functions, actions, operations are formed inevitably. They simplify fulfilment of professional tasks, increase their certainty, and facilitate relations with colleagues. Stereotypes bring stability into professional life, they promote experience acquisition and formation of an individual style of work. Professional stereotypes are directly dependent on the nature of performed tasks and their psychological characteristics. Active cognitive processes are the main mechanism behind stereotyping; they include such processes as categorization, schematization and attribution. A formed stable stereotype has both positive and negative values for an individual. The use of stereotypes is positive under standard operating conditions and negative when it is necessary to act beyond the standard operations, at new working conditions with a new regime or if conditions varies or are changed dramatically. In our research, we identified 6 categories of rescuers’ stereotypical ideas related to their professional work: personal qualities; professionally important qualities; stereotypes related to awareness of duty and responsibility; value stereotypes; stereotypes of optimal role behaviour; stereotypes of professional communications and interactions. The article proves that the professional stereotypes of the studied rescuers differ qualitatively depending on the period of their professional work. During professional genesis, the most persistent stereotypes are those related to the ideas on the personal and professionally important qualities needed for rescuers. The most transformative stereotypes are those related to the value of professional work. The ideas about professional responsibilities, characteristics of professional behaviour and features of professional communications are also changed. The psychological diagnostic research results showed the need to provide a social and psychological training in order to form certain components of fire-fighter’s professional consciousness.

PERSONAL QUALITIES OF RESCUERS HAVING PROFESSIONAL ESTRANGEMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 176-190
Author(s):  
O. Sergienko
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Professional Identification ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

The article presents the research on personal qualities and characteristics of rescuers manifesting signs of professional estrangement. In extreme and extraordinary conditions, in particular, during fires and natural disasters, the requirements for certain personal characteristics of rescuers are significantly increased. That is, professional activity in special conditions significantly affects such professionals: on the one hand, personal development is promoted, and on the other hand, personal qualities can be deformed, therefore, it is necessary to determine specialists whose psychological characteristics do not corresponds the requirements of their work, or to re-allocate them for workplaces with taking into account their individual psychological peculiarities. The obtained results suggest that personal qualities of rescuers identifying themselves with their profession and rescuers with signs of professional estrangement are significantly different. Professionals with a high level of professional identification are characterized as decent and courteous in relations at work and out-of-work. They usually respond adequately to criticism or remarks, and behave on the base of their own emotions and ambitions at conflict situations. Specialists manifesting professional estrangement are often characterized as depressed individuals, dissatisfied with their position or the state of affairs at their work; so they often show ineffectiveness, indecision, and inconsistency in their actions during assignment implementations. Such specialists are characterized by their colleagues as conflict, irresponsible, stubborn and undisciplined people. They can respond inadequately on criticisms or comments. In general, the professional work for them is too difficult and leads to excessive mental stress, rapid fatigue, a feeling of impotence and exhaustion.

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