scholarly journals How to restore the safety of the people of Russia

POPULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-18
Author(s):  
Abel Aganbegyan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Real Income ◽  
World Population ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Thing

For every nation, preservation of the people is the most important thing. For Russia this life-affirming task is as important as for no other power due to its specific features. We are talking about the key geopolitical task of our country, since Russia has 17% of the Earth's land. At the same time, Russia's share in the world economy at purchasing power parity is 3.1%, and the population of Russia today makes only 1.9% of the world's population. And a further reduction in the country's share of the world population is highly undesirable. To stop the decline in the population by 2025, and then begin a gradual recovery of its size, three main measures are needed. The first and most significant is reduction in mortality, which in Russia on average with the account of the age structure, is 30-40% higher than in developed countries and 20% higher than in post-socialist countries. The main thing here is to reduce mortality in working age, from cardiovascular diseases and external causes. The second most important thing is to ensure migration growth to Russia up to 250 thousand people per year. The third is to increase the total fertility rate from 1.5 in 2019 to 1.75-1.8 by 2030. It is impossible to improve the demographic indicators and restore the safety of the people in the conditions of crisis and stagnation. But it is impossible to move to socio-economic growth without raising income and consumption of the population. The main condition for preservation of the people is resumption of the socio-economic growth by 3-4% per year that will ensure growth in the real income of the population and final consumption of households, assistance to families with children in order to overcome poverty and, ultimately, an increase in the birth rate.

scholarly journals COVID-19: An Overview of Economic Waves on Indian Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Jaya Selvi
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Output Loss ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

 A worldwide pandemic that has a powerful disruptive in the world is the COVID-19 outbreak. It brought significant volatility and chaos, which are affecting investors’ confidence in Indian markets and the world. India is one of the emerging economies that hold the position of the fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP), which has the second-largest population country in which the population size of about 1.3 billion after China in the world. COVID-19 emerged from China and started to spread all other countries rapidly and create a great impact on world countries. Most of the people lost their lives, resources, jobs, etc. As the whole countries in the world are struggling, the whole economy standstill, and it’s very difficult to overcome from the recession. The Indian government took a rapid decision to prevent the disaster novel Coronavirus or Covid-19 by launching the complete nation-wide lockdown for 40 days. The result of 40 days lockdown is direct output loss of more than 8 percent over time. There are the indirect impacts onlivelihoods of the unorganized workforce, and a sharp increase in corporate and banking stress, which are likely to further weigh on growth.

scholarly journals Participation of women in science in the developed and developing worlds: inverted U of feminization of the scientific workforce, gender equity and retention

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobhana Narasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Scientific Workforce

Abstract We consider various factors impacting the participation of women in science throughout the world, with a particular emphasis on developing countries. For the world as a whole, we find that when the percentage of women working in science in a country is plotted vs. the per capita GDP of the country (adjusted for purchasing power parity) the data fall on an inverted U-shaped ‘boomerang’ curve. Thus, as per capita wealth increases, the percentage of women in science first increases and then falls. This is in marked contrast to the (right-side-up) U-shaped curve that is well-established for the participation of women in the labor force as a whole, suggesting that there are factors in the culture of science that result in opposing trends to those observed in the general workforce. This also results in many developing countries having a much higher participation of women in the scientific workforce than is seen in economically developed countries. Contradicting previous reports to the contrary, we find a positive correlation between gender equality in science and the degree of overall gender equity in the country. Thus, we do not find evidence for the claim that greater gender equity results in the manifestation of innate gender differences in preferences for science. We find differing patterns of retention in science for women in developing and developed countries. We also briefly discuss other factors that make it difficult for women in developing countries to follow a scientific career, or to advance in their careers.

scholarly journals Identifying The Purchasing Power Parity of Indonesia Rupiah (IDR) based on BIG MAC Index

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Tongam Sihol Nababan
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
The Real ◽  
The People ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Asean Countries

The aim of this study is to identify : (1) profile of exchange rate and purchasing power parity of IDR against US $ based on Big Mac Index compared to the exchange rate of other countries, and (2) the position of the Big Mac Affordability of  Indonesia compared to other ASEAN countries. The results showed that based on Big Mac index during the period April 1998 up to January 2015, IDR exchange rate tends to be undervalued against the USA dollar. The cause of the currency tends to be in a position of undervalued due to the components of non-tradable have not been included in Big Mac index. The index of Big Mac Affordability indicates that there is a great disparity of income between Singapore and five other ASEAN countries. The purchasing power of the real income of the people in Singapore is nearly five times the real income of the people in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Measuring economic growth in OPEC countries : A panel data approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Johnson Taiwo Olajide ◽  
Jubril Oluwatoyin Fantola ◽  
Olufemi Aderemi Ayansola
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Test Statistic

<p>Most of the developing and under-developed countries have been facing a lot of challenges on the issue of economic growth, despite the fact that they are endowed with both natural and human resources. This study examines the determinants of real per Capita GDP growth in Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) using a panel of twelve countries for the period of 1986 and 2010.The pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effect (FE) and Random Effect (RE) models were employed to assess the relationship between CGDP and other economic variables used. The result showed that price level of consumptions (pc) and investment share (ci) are the important factors of CGDP that contribute to the economic growth of OPEC countries. The result also established that exchange rate (Xrat), price of GDP (p), purchasing power parity (ppp) and ci have a positive influence on CGDP. The test statistic revealed that Random Effects Model (REM) estimator is more efficient than OLS and that there is no significance difference between Fixed Effects Model (FEM) and REM estimators.</p>

scholarly journals The Social Effects Of The Economic Transformation In India (An Attempt At Measurement and Evaluation)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-132
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Bywalec
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
The Social

One of significant and, at the same time, challenging research problems in Economics is measuring the social effect of economic growth (development). Economic growth should never be treated a goal per se. It is rational provided that it brings effects such as, generally speaking, an improvement in the standard of living. However, this is not always the case. Social sciences, including Economics, have not developed any uniform methods of measuring and evaluating such effects yet. This paper constitutes an attempt to measure and evaluate the social effects of the reforms of the Indian economy and state launched in 1991. The analysis covers a period of over twenty years. As a result of the aforementioned reforms, at the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century, India ranked third in the world in terms of GDP (based on purchasing power parity), after the USA and China. So what are the social effects of such a dynamic economic growth? For the purposes of this paper, in order to quantify and evaluate the social effects of the economic growth in India and its dynamics in the analysed time period, the author experimentally adopts a popular socio-demographic index, i.e. the average further life expectancy (e0). This constitutes the so-called natural aggregate (a micro index) applied in social development analyses. It is quite commonly used by Indian economists and statisticians, albeit it is rarely applied in European Economics. The empirical analysis of the trends in the said index proves that the rapid economic growth in India after the year 1991 has brought about substantial increases in the life expectancy of the inhabitants of the country and a diminishing of disparities in this regard on a national scale (in different cross-sections: urban-rural, females-males, as well as in the regional perspective). In the mid-2010s India is almost on a par with the countries with a medium development rate in terms of the life expectancy of its inhabitants and in some states (e.g. Kerala). the value of this index is comparable to that in the highly developed countries.

Is English being challenged by Mandarin in South Korea?

English Today ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Seok Kang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Near Future

China's stunning economic growth is now widely recognized around the globe (Wong, 2009). Its gross domestic product (GDP) is now the second largest in the world, and, according to the World Bank (2015), in terms of GDP based on purchasing power parity (PPP), it already has the world's largest economy, surpassing that of the United States. It is commonly claimed that China will be the strongest economic power in the near future, and that it will have a concomitantly more potent political and cultural influence on the rest of the world.

EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ASPECTS AND APPROACHES

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVED ALAM SHEIKH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
World Population ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Almost 50 per cent of the world population is constituted by the women and they have been making substantial contribution to socio-economic development. But, unfortunately their tremendous contribution remains unrecognized and unnoticed in most of the developing and least developed countries causing the problem of poverty among them. Empowering women has become the key element in the development of an economy. With women moving forward, the family moves, the village moves and the nation moves. Hence, improving the status of women by way of their economic empowerment is highly called for. Entrepreneurship is a key tool for the economic empowerment of women around the world for alleviating poverty. Entrepreneurship is now widely recognized as a tool of economic development in India also. In this paper I have tried to discuss the reasons and role of Women Entrepreneurship with the help of Push and Pull factors. In the last I have also discussed the problems and the road map of Women Entrepreneurs development in India.

What is an Ecodisaster?

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Cloudsley-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
World Population ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
Near Future

The term ‘ecodisaster’ may be defined as ‘a global catastrophe of the human species’. Any ecodisasters occurring in the near future will, almost certainly, be caused, directly or indirectly, by the present overpopulation of the world, accompanied by unwise and irresponsible disregard of environmental deterioration.The suggestion is made here that Man's first and, it is to be hoped, last, ecodisaster may already have begun. Although not dramatic, it is taking the form of a steady decline in the standard of living nearly everywhere, coupled with massive pollution, and widespread malnutrition in the under-developed countries of the world. It will persist until world population eventually becomes adjusted to environmental resources.It is ironical that control of the pests and diseases which have inflicted so much misery on mankind in the past, should have helped to engender the present population explosion with all the hunger and privation that accompany it in the under-developed regions of the world.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on community lifelines

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Abas ◽  
Esmat Kalair ◽  
Saad Dilshad ◽  
Nasrullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Population ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe authors present the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on community lifelines. The state machinery has several departments to secure essential lifelines during disasters and epidemics. Many countries have formed national disaster management authorities to deal with manmade and natural disasters. Typical lifelines include food, water, safety and security, continuity of services, medicines and healthcare equipment, gas, oil and electricity supplies, telecommunication services, transportation means and education system. Supply chain systems are often affected by disasters, which should have alternative sources and routes. Doctors, nurses and medics are front-line soldiers against diseases during pandemics.Design/methodology/approachThe COVID-19 pandemic has revealed how much we all are connected yet unprepared for natural disasters. Political leaders prioritize infrastructures, education but overlook the health sector. During the recent pandemic, developed countries faced more mortalities, fatalities and casualties than developing countries. This work surveys the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health, energy, environment, industry, education and food supply lines.FindingsThe COVID-19 pandemic caused 7% reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during global lockdowns. In addition, COVID-19 has affected social fabric, behaviors, cultures and official routines. Around 2.84 bn doses have been administrated, with approximately 806 m people (10.3% of the world population) are fully vaccinated around the world to date. Most developed vaccines are being evaluated for new variants like alpha, beta, gamma, epsilons and delta first detected in the UK, South Africa, Brazil, USA and India. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all sectors in society, yet this paper critically reviews the impact of COVID-19 on health and energy lifelines.Practical implicationsThis paper critically reviews the health and energy lifelines during pandemic COVID-19 and explains how these essential services were interrupted.Originality/valueThis paper critically reviews the health and energy lifelines during pandemic COVID-19 and explains how these essential services were interrupted.

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