scholarly journals The structuration of Russian society in the 19th and early 20th century (based on the works of domestic researchers)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-36
Author(s):  
Lyudmila A. Belyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Provincial Councils ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Village

This article represents the first stage of a research project dedicated to analyzing the structuration of Russian society throughout the period since the mid 1800’s and until this day. The timeline for part one includes the period up until 1917, while part two will be dedicated to Soviet and post-Soviet times. This article utilizes the methodology of A. Giddens, who suggested using the term “structuration” in order to analyze social relationships in space and time. This methodology implies examining structuration processes through the lens of those studies which were conducted during periods when radical shifts were occurring within the structure of Russian society. The main event which defined the direction for social change turned out to be the emancipation of the serfs in the Russian Empire, which lead to shifts in the population’s structure: accelerated development of a working class, social transformations in the village, and the advancement of internal migration in Russia. The article shows that in Russia these processes were accompanied by science, which included official agencies conducting population censuses, studying the composition and working conditions at factories and plants (this function was carried out by plant and manufactory inspectorates), as well as studies conducted by scientists and practitioners. The works of Nikolai Kalachov, N. Flerovsky, Evgeny Pogozhev, Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi and others aided in developing detailed social characteristics of workers and their position in the structure of society and at work. Studying the village (and consequently the largest social class – the peasants) was the prerogative of provincial councils. Comprehensive monographic studies were conducted by Piotr Semionov, Vassily Pokrovsky, Vassily Orlov, Piotr Chervinsky, Fedor Shcherbina, as well as other researchers. The article shows that the population’s structuration at the turn of the century in regards to the territorial aspect depended on resettlement and internal migration to a significant degree. Remarkable studies of this process were conducted by Denis Davydov, Evgeny Anuchin, Isaac Hourwich, Ivan Yamzin and other Russian scientists. Aside from scientists, practitioners also took part in these studies. The Russian intelligentsia actively partook in field research. The educated class’ efforts made it possible to attain valuable data on society’s structure, on the state of social relationships in Russia, migration processes, and the social characteristics of society’s key structural elements – peasants and workers.

scholarly journals The Ritual Calendar of South Aceh, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
The Social ◽  
Canonical Texts ◽  
The Village

This research explores the relations between the so-called normative Islam-as laid down in the canonical texts of the Qur’ān and hadīth-and the ways in which these normative ideas, perceptions and values are expressed in rituals in the society concerned. It pays particular attention to the ways in which the latter forms of ritual expression entail a culturally specific adaptation and valorization of the trans-cultural representations laid down in these Islamic text corpora and to the ways in which-according to local understanding and exegesis-these ritual actions generate a reproduction of the social relationships and their moral foundation in the society concerned. In-depth discussions had been conducted with the participants about the symbols, meanings and values, which they attach to these actions as to their effectiveness in achieving particular social, religious, political and moral aims besides a systematic survey of relevant published sources has complemented this field research. The meticulous examination of the village ritual calendar shows that three different perspectives on this social and moral order prevail: a traditional adat perspective, the historical Islamic perspective, and the modernist Islamic perspective. This attributes to Aneuk Jamee a complex dynamic socio-religious identity within the field of Indonesian cultures.

scholarly journals MENIKAHKAN KELUARGA BESAR: Konstruksi Relasi Sosial dalam Ritual Aruno Lahitolo Mananol

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Clara Monica Anakotta ◽  
Izak Lattu ◽  
Jacob Daan Engel
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Rite Of Passage ◽  
Social Mechanism ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa bentuk ritual pernikahan adat Aruno Lahitolo Mananol di Negeri Amahai, Maluku yang menentukan hubungan sosial dan integrasi budaya. Ritual pernikahan berfungsi sebagai mekanisme sosial untuk mengintegrasi pengantin perempuan ke dalam keluarga besar pengantin laki-laki. Lebih dari itu, ritual aruno lahitolo mananol mengikat secara sosial keluarga besar kedua pengantin. Berdasarkan teori The Rites of Passage Vaan Gennep (1960) penelitian ini melihat ritual pernikahan sebagai transisi dari satu tahapan ke tahapan kehidupan yang lain. Tahapan pernikahan adalah penyatuan pengantin perempuan ke dalam keluarga besar baru. Penelitian ini juga dipengaruhi oleh teori identitas sosial dari perspektif sosiologi karya Steph Lawler (2014) yang berfungsi sebagai titik berangkat untuk memahami integrasi sosial dari dua klan. Data artikel ini diperoleh dari penelitian lapangan yang menggunakan metode kualitativ melalui wawancara dan observasi peneliti. Artikel ini berkesimpulan bahwa ritual aruno lahitolo mananol menciptakan perasaan terikat pada keluarga atau orang basudara (dibaca: bersaudara) yang melampaui ikatan keluarga biologis sebagai pusat dari integrasi sosial di Negeri Amahai dan Maluku secara umum.Kata kunci: Ritual Pernikahan Adat, Kekeluargaan, Integrasi SosialThis article explores forms of marriage ritual or aruno lahitolo mananol in the Village of Amahai, Maluku that construct social relationships and social integration in the area. The marriage ritual functions as social mechanism to integrate a bride to groom’ clan (mata rumah), but more than that, aruno lahitolo mananol opens avenue for the social integration for bride and groom extensive families. Based on Vaan Gennep (1960) rite of passage theory, the research perceives the marriage ritual as transition from one stage of life to another. The stage is the incorporation state as bride become the member of new clan. Steph Lawler (2014) theory on social identity from sociological perspectives functions as the milestone to understand the social integration of two clans. Data of this article come out from a field research employing qualitative method through interview, and participant observation. The article concludes that ritual of aruno lahitolo mananol creates the sense of kinship (orang basudara) beyond biological siblinghood that central to social integration the village of Amahai and Maluku in general.Keywords: Adat Marriage Ritual, Kinship, Social Integration.

Угорські запозичення в західноукраїнських топонімічних переказах

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
ЛЕСЯ МУШКЕТИК
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Long Period ◽  
White Horse ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Village ◽  
Written Sources

The oral folk prose of Transcarpathia is a valuable source of history and culture of the region. Supplementing the written sources, it has maintained popular attitudes towards events, giving assessments and interpretations that are often different from the official one. In the Ukrainian oral tradition, we find many words borrowed from other languages, in particular Hungarian, which reflects the long period of cohabitation as well as shared historical events and contacts. They also occur in local toponymic legends, which in their own way explain the origin of the local names and are closely linked with the life and culture of the region, contain a lot of ethnographic, historical, mythological, and other information. They are represented mainly by lexical borrowings, Hungarian proper names and realities, which were transformed, absorbed and modified in another system, and, among other things, has served the originality of the Transcarpathian folklore. The process of borrowing the Hungarianisms is marked by heterochronology and a significant degree of assimilation in the receiving environment. It is known about the long-lasting contacts of the Hungarians with Rus at the time of birth of the homeland - the Honfoglalás, as evidenced by the current geographical names associated with the heroes of the events of that time - the leaders of uprisings Attila, Almash, Prince Latorets (the legends Almashivka, About the Laborets and the White Horse Mukachevo Castle). In the names of toponymic legends and writings there are mentions of the famous Hungarian leaders, the leaders of the uprisings - King Matthias Corvinus, Prince Ferenc Rákóczi II, Lajos Kossuth (the legends Matyashivka, Bovtsar, Koshutova riberiya). Many names of villages, castles and rivers originate from Hungarian lexemes and are their derivatives, explaining the name itself (narratives Sevlyuskyy castle, Gotar, village Gedfork). The times of the Tatar invasion were reflected in the legends The Great Ravine Bovdogovanya and The village Goronda. Sometimes, the nomination is made up of two words - Ukrainian and Hungarian (Mount Goverla, Canyon Grobtedie). In legends, one can find mythological and legendary elements. The process of borrowing Hungarianisms into Ukrainian is marked by heterochronology, meanwhile borrowings remain unchanged only partially, and in general, they are assimilated in accordance with the phonetic and morphological rules of the Ukrainian language. Consequently, this is a creative process, caused by a number of different factors - social, ethnocultural, aesthetic, etc. In the course of time, events and characters in oral narratives are erased from human memory, so they can be mixed, modified and updated, adapting to new realities.

The Story of Storyboards from East Sepik, Papua New Guinea

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Martin Soukup ◽  
Dušan Lužný
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Field Research ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
The Village

This study analyzes and interprets East Sepik storyboards, which the authors regard as a form of cultural continuity and instrument of cultural memory in the post-colonial period. The study draws on field research conducted by the authors in the village of Kambot in East Sepik. The authors divide the storyboards into two groups based on content. The first includes storyboards describing daily life in the community, while the other links the daily life to pre-Christian religious beliefs and views. The aim of the study is to analyze one of the forms of contemporary material culture in East Sepik in the context of cultural changes triggered by Christianization, colonial administration in the former Territory of New Guinea and global tourism.

DINAMIKA POLITIK PERSETUJUAN BERSAMA TENTANG PENETAPAN DESA ADAT DI KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU TAHUN 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Haryo Suganda ◽  
Raja Muhammad Amin
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Information Method ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Village

This study is motivated the identification of policies issued by the regional Governmentof Rokan Hulu in the form of Regulatory region number 1 by 2015 on the determination of thevillage and Indigenous Village. Political dynamics based on various interests against themanufacture of, and decision-making in the process of formation of the corresponding localregulations determination of Indigenous Villages in the Rokan Hulu is impacted to a verysignificantamount of changes from the initial draft of the number i.e. 21 (twenty one) the villagebecame Customary 89 (eighty-nine) the Indigenous Villages who have passed. Type of thisresearch is a qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques. The research aims to describe theState of the real situation in a systematic and accurate fact analysis unit or related research, aswell as observations of the field based on the data (information). Method of data collectionwas done with interviews, documentation, and observations through fieldwork (field research).The results of the research on the process of discussion of the draft local regulations andmutual agreement about Designation of Indigenous Villages in the Rokan Hulu is, showed thatthe political dynamics that occur due to the presence of various political interests, rejectionorally by Villagers who were judged to have met the requirements of Draft Regulations to beformulated and the area for the set to be Indigenous Villages, and also there is a desire fromsome villages in the yet to Draft local regulations in order to set the Indigenous village , there isa wide range of interests of these aspects influenced the agreement to assign the entire localVillage which is in the Rokan Hulu become Indigenous village, and the village of Transmigrationinto administrative Villages where the initiator of the changes in the number of IndigenousVillages in the Rokan Hulu it is the desire of the local Government of its own.

Features of accounting for wages and insurance premiums in agricultural organizations on the example of an enterprise in the Republic of Mordovia

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Yulia Myrksina
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Insurance Premiums ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

Russian society is currently going through a difficult period of economic and social transformations. This requires tremendous efforts in all spheres of public life, namely in the field of legal support for reforms, the creation of legislation that meets the new socio-economic conditions and allows for the effective protection of citizens’ rights. Social security of the population of the Russian Federation is one of the most urgent tasks in our country, among which the problem of pension provision is in the first place.

Păstoritul de pe Valea Argeșului – coordonate spațiale

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 39-70
Author(s):  
Cristian Micu
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Pastoral System ◽  
Spatial Coordinate ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Village Communities ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Village ◽  
Daily Travel

"Shepherding on Argeș Valley – spatial coordinates This paper presents the essential elements that define the spatial coordinate characteristic of shepherding which is practised in the sub-Carpathian villages on the Argeș Valley, following the documentary attestations of the villages, the genesis and evolution of the village boundaries, the evolution of land ownership and the right to use lands (in condominium or individually). Also within the spatial coordinate, there are researched the traditional ways in which the potential of the rural land fund is highlighted, as a result of its geomorphological, pedological, climatic qualities, etc., the study taking into consideration all the areal types with pastoral potential, not only those on the administrative territory of the villages, but also those in the mountain area destined for summer grazing. If for the presentation of origins, attestations, borderline fixation of the villages from the studied areal, documents, monographic studies and other categories of specialized works have been used, for the understanding of the manner of pastoral, individual and especially collective exploitation of the land fund by the village communities, of valorizing the fodder qualities of the different types of surfaces, it was necessary to carry out field research in the three targeted villages: Albeștii de Argeș, Corbeni and Arefu, all in the Argeș County. The visit of sheepfolds from Lespezi, Lipitoarea, Ciocanu, Podeanu, Oticu, in the alpine hollow of the Făgăraș Mountains, were necessary both for studying some elements related to the spatial coordinate (sheepfold location, daily travel routes, travel routes from the village hearth to the mountains, etc.) as well as for conducting interviews, based on an elaborate questionnaire, interviews generating unique and extremely useful information also for researching the other coordinates of the pastoral system practiced in the area. Keywords: shepherding, Argeș Valley, spatial coordinate, pastoral system, field research "

scholarly journals Philosophical meaning of the myth of pregnant and nursing mothers at Dawuhan village, Banyumas

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Astiana Ajeng Rahadini ◽  
Rahmat Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nursing Mothers ◽  
The Village ◽  
Depth Interviews

Traditional culture underlying a wide range of behavior and deeds of a society and gave birth to a variety of oral literature as well as myth. The myth that developed and still surviving in public life of Java among other myths related to pregnant and nursing mothers. This research is under a descriptively qualitative method supported by field research method along with un-depth interviews in Dawuhan village of Banyumas which is the village where the ancestors of Banyumas was buried. Through field observation and research method of interview to the trusted resource in Dawuhan village was obtained by results of research regarding the myth of pregnant and nursing mothers. This research finds some kinds of myths in relation to recommending and prohibition to perform an action that may harm the fetus, while the myth of breastfeeding mothers mostly prohibition and advice about foods that are consumed by the mother breastfeeding can harm the health of the baby.

scholarly journals Piper caninum blume leaf extract and compost to suppress blast disease and increase the production of bali red rice (oryza sativa) in green house

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Suriani
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

The parameters developed in organic farming are the use of vegetable pesticides and compost and liquid organic fertilizer. Some research has been done but it needs deeper research to get the right product. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory activity of Piper caninum extract against the fungus Pyricuaria oryzae causing blast disease in rice, and to find out how much the impact of compost on increased crop yield after being combined with the extract. This research is a field research located in the village of Senganan, Penebel Tabanan Bali. With the following treatment Fo = control (100% soil). F1 = (soil 90% + compost 10% + extract 0.5%). F2 = (soil 80% + compost 20% + extract 1%) F3 = (soil 70% + 30% + extract 1.5%). F4 = (soil 60% + compost 40% + 2% extract), do repeat 4 times. The results showed that P. caninum extract effectively inhibited blast disease and could reduce the intensity of blast disease. The combination with compost can significantly increase yields (67.62%), reduce empty grains, and increase rice size.

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