scholarly journals Umelecké modelovanie fenoménu staroby v tvorbe slovenských autorov Milo Urban, Július Barč-Ivan, Karol Horák

2017 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 643-653
Author(s):  
Miron Pukan

Artistic patterns of old age expression in the works by Slovak authors Milo Urban, Július Barč-Ivan,Karol HorákThe cultural and social phenomenon of old age as an object of artistic literature from middle ages till contemporary period has been interpreted mostly ambivalently as asource of the wisdom as well as the weakness, experience and psychic degradation, the loss of authority and suffering. Within the various poetic methods realizing in the world and European literary production including Slovak literature, the rich reflections and different artistic patterns of an old age expression can be found. To manifest various forms of this cultural and social phenomenon in the literature three works from different social and historical periods representing various development stages of the Slovak literature will be analysed — the novella Staroba “Old Age” from the collection Výkriky bez ozveny “Yells without Echoing”, 1928 written by the prosaic writer and journalist Milo Urban, the tragedy Matka “Mother” written by prosaic and drama writer Július Barč-Ivan, and the play Cesta “Journey” written by prosaic and drama writer, literary and theatre scientist, university professor Karol Horák. The given texts prosaic one and two dramatic ones are integrated by common milieu with identical archetypal value — the world of Slovak village which is often described in the works by Slovak authors.Whereas the protagonist of the first work is an old village man tossing up between passionate desire to live and the awareness of the death inevitability, in the second and third work the key role is played by older women fulfilling their role of mothers. In Barč´s drama the mistaken fatalistic faith in predetermination of human fates leads towards the religious negativism and becomes the source of evil criminal act. As opposed to Barč´s play Matka the protagonist of Horák´s play Cesta, Kata Pohlodková, believes in the better future on the basis of Christian philosophy. The author stratifies his narration to produce the inward portrayal of aman in the extreme life situation on the background of historical events. Taking into consideration the miscellaneous aspects of this phenomenon, the research of this topic in the literary works is still open provoking the questions like — In which way is life represented in the literature through this phenomenon? Is this phenomenon presented stereotypically or are the generally valid stereotypes overcome? What is the influence of this phenomenon on aman and his/her attitude towards life transience? It can be generally accepted that the phenomenon of old age intervenes into human life and modifies it in abig way.Artystyczne ujęcie zjawiska starości w twórczości wybranych autorów słowackich Milo Urban, Július Barč-Ivan, Karol HorákSpołeczno-kulturowy fenomen starości w literaturze artystycznej od średniowiecza aż po współczesność interpretowany jest ambiwaletnie: z jednej strony jako źródło mądrości i doświadczenia, z drugiej zaś jako czas słabości, degradacji psychicznej, utraty autorytetu oraz cierpienia. W literaturze światowej, europejskiej, więc również, co oczywiste, w kontekście słowackim, stosunkowo często spotykamy się z refleksją na temat ostatniej fazy życia człowieka i z jej różnorodnym artystycznym opracowaniem. Za ilustrację możliwych literackich ujęć owego zjawiska posłużyły nam trzy dzieła autorów piszących po słowacku: nowela Staroba Starość ze zbioru Výkriky bez ozveny 1928; Okrzyki bez echa prozaika, tłumacza i dziennikarza Mila Urbana, tragedia Matka 1943 prozaika i dramatopisarza Júliusa Barča-Ivana oraz sztuka Cesta 1988; Droga dramatopisarza, prozaika, teatrologa i literaturoznawcy — profesora Karola Horáka. Wybrane utwory jeden prozatorski, dwa dramatyczne łączy pewien element archetypiczny — topos wsi słowackiej, skądinąd silnie obecny w rodzimej literaturze.Głównym bohaterem tekstu prozatorskiego jest uwięziony między pragnieniem życia a świadomością nieuniknionej śmierci mężczyzna, natomiast w przypadku dramatów kluczową rolę odgrywają starsze kobiety — matki. W dramacie Júliusa Barča-Ivana ślepe przekonanie o nieodwracalności ludzkiego losu prowadzi do zaprzeczenia religii i— w ostateczności — do zbrodni. Inaczej jest u Karola Horáka. Protagonistka sztuki Cesta Kata Pohlodková zgodnie z duchem filozofii chrześcijańskiej wierzy w lepszą przyszłość. Swoją opowieść autor wzbogaca, na tle wydarzeń historycznych pokazując introspektywę bohatera, który znalazł się w tragicznej sytuacji życiowej.Należy pamiętać o tym, że szeroki horyzont omawianego zjawiska, również dzięki jego wieloaspektowości, nie ogranicza pola badawczego, lecz wręcz przeciwnie — prowokuje do dalszych odkryć oraz prób odpowiedzi na liczne pytania. Bardzo interesująca wydaje się na przykład kwestia rzutowania starości na wizerunek życia w literaturze pięknej. Czy przedstawianie starości podlega powszechnie przyjętemu stereotypowi, czy mu się opiera, przełamuje go? Jaki wpływ ma starość na człowieka i świadomość przemijania? I tak dalej. Z pewnością jednak można stwierdzić, że omawiane przez nas zjawisko determinuje człowieka, określając i formując jego los.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Zehra Zaidi ◽  
Shehla Nazir ◽  
Abdul Nasir ◽  
Minhaj Ahmad

The average human life expectancy has increased in recent times, so there is more focus on aging, age-related disease, and geriatric care in society. Older malnourished adults are more likely to have poorer health outcomes, longer hospital stays, and increased mortality, so there is a need to provide a nutritious and healthy diet to the old age population.Recent studies have shown that some medicinal herbs are effective in the intervention or prevention of aging-associated neurological disorders. Unani System of Medicine is one of the old traditional medicines in the world providing health care to humanity for centuries successively through natural safe, effective, and economic herbal medicine.Diets recommended for the old age population have been highlighted in this article with special emphasis on the traditional diets mentioned in the USM for geriatric care. There is a need to explore USM for better care of old age population and to find out an effective, safe, and economic treatment for old age diseases like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, etc.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1 (32)) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
A.L. Ustinov ◽  
◽  
E.S. Naboichenko ◽  
S.V. Chuprakova ◽  
◽  
...  

The article attempts to analyze the historical and psychological aspects of the world pandemics of the past and present. The authors provide a detailed overview of the world's pandemics and their impact on society and the individual. Historical and psychological reviews allow us to draw a parallel between the large-scale pandemics of the past and the present, which is especially relevant in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic that has engulfed humanity. A logical and reasonable periodization of global pandemics is suggested, and the authors give a detailed description of each stage. The first stage includes the pandemics of traditional and early industrial society that raged in the ancient world, the middle ages, and early modern times. The authors highlight such features as a high mortality rate, localization in certain regions and continents, the connection of the spread of diseases with the processes of population migration, crusades, and great geographical discoveries. The second stage includes the pandemics of the industrial era, which occur in the context of globalization, urbanization and increasing crowding of the population, but become less destructive. The authors associate the third stage with modern pandemics generated by the transition to a post-industrial (information) society. The authors note the reduction in mortality from pandemics, and at the same time mutations of viruses, which forces scientists around the world to constantly search for and develop new vaccines. Historical, cultural and psychological analysis of past pandemics allows us to understand better the psychological features of human life in the context of a new coronavirus infection. The authors reveal the role of technological progress in the fight against global pandemics, the role of virus mutations in the development of medical knowledge.


Author(s):  
Ildar Garipzanov

The concluding chapter highlights how the cultural history of graphic signs of authority in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages encapsulated the profound transformation of political culture in the Mediterranean and Europe from approximately the fourth to ninth centuries. It also reflects on the transcendent sources of authority in these historical periods, and the role of graphic signs in highlighting this connection. Finally, it warns that, despite the apparent dominant role of the sign of the cross and cruciform graphic devices in providing access to transcendent protection and support in ninth-century Western Europe, some people could still employ alternative graphic signs deriving from older occult traditions in their recourse to transcendent powers.


Author(s):  
Vidhi Nagar

In the modern era, it would be like glorifying the media to include every media related to human life from fingernail to fire. It is the medium that has the ancient ideology and values ​​of society as popular with globalization and modern thought stream The society, which is inhabited by the rajas, has also been plunged to the present day, seeing the reach and impact of media in particular, a frazzled Schmimiya state has been born, especially in order to achieve the concept of global global culture of Mishwa. It is from these media that we can see the news of events at the far end of the world, as far as music is concerned, it is possible that we can cope with many ages, ages and lives. When it is achieved in its present form, in the same continuous stream of time, it is infectious, sometimes Pallimat and Sushobhamat are the modern communication mediums in this stream are also pushing it deeper.Achayat Sharangadei has said in his famous book, Song Ratnakaresh आधुमनक काल में मानि जीिन से संबंमधत हर क्षेत्र को नख से मशख तक प्रभामित करने िाले संचार माध्यमों को ममहमादृमंमित करनाए सूरज को मदया मदखाने जैसा होगा द्य यह िह माध्यम है मजसने िैश्वीकरण ि आधुमनक मिचार धारा से लबरेज समाज के सार्थ ही पुरातन मिचारधाराए मान्यताओं ि रीमत ररिाजों से सराबोर समाज को भी तह तक प्रभामित मकया है द्य िततमान समय में संचार माध्यमों कीए मिशेषकर मीमिया की पह ंच और प्रभाि को देखते ह ए ही एक फ्रेज़ श्मीमिया स्टेटश् का जन्म ह आ है द्य मिशेषकर मिश्व के श्ग्लोबल मिलेजश् की पररकल्पना को प्राप्त करने में सबसे महत्िपूणत हार्थए इन्हीं संचार माध्यमों का हैए इन्हीं की बदौलत हम कोसों दूर की क्याए मिश्व के दूरस्र्थ छोर की खबरोंए घटनाओं का उसी पल अिलोकन कर सकते है द्य जहां तक संगीत का सम्बन्ध हैए यह सित मिमदत है मक अनेकों युगोंए कालोंए ि पररमस्तमर्थयों का सामना करते ह ए यह अपने िततमान स्िरुप को प्राप्त ह आ है द्य समय की इसी सतत प्रिामहत धारा में कभी यह संक्रममत ह आए तो कभी पल्लमित ि सुशोमभत द्य इसी धारा क्रम में आधुमनक संचार माध्यम भी इसे गहरे तक प्रभामित कर रहे है द्यआचायत शारंगदेि ने अपने प्रमसद्ध ग्रन्र्थ श्संगीत रत्नाकरश् में कहा है


Author(s):  
Vyshnevetska Maryna ◽  

The paper considers the issue of developing aesthetic needs of a future music teacher in the course of professional training. The author defines notions such as culture, aesthetic culture, aesthetic activity as well as explores the essence of the notion of an aesthetic need of a future music teacher. The paper substantiates the role of art and aesthetic activity as the main factor for aesthetic needs development. The study reveals that there is a reason for the interest to human needs since a large number of branches in material and spiritual culture of society depend on defining the nature of needs and trends in their development. The author emphasises that the functioning of all levels of human life requires needs that would meet human development both physically and emotionally, thus, there should be an aesthetic form of activity because it harmoniously combines both spiritual and functional aspects. The paper substantiates the role of art as the main factor for development of aesthetic needs that can be met in various activities, but it is in art that they find the greatest expression. The author supports the idea that art is a special area of human existence and it combines knowledge and communication, intelligence, a sense of morality, and imagination of people. Involvement of a person in art is a necessary condition for development of aesthetic consciousness since elevation of the spirit and actualization of an essential aesthetic force take place during the process of perception, experience and understanding of works of art. Art integrates a dialogue of a person with the world. Considering the concept of an aesthetic need, the author defines it as an internal need to comprehend certain aesthetic values, development of certain skills, because an aesthetic need is based on aesthetic feelings that are embodied in aesthetic tastes and consist of individual selection of those aesthetic phenomena and objects that best suit views and interests of a person. The paper emphasises that an aesthetic need embodies richness and diversity of spirituality of a person who seeks to fulfill their potential in all fullness of life and if a person has a need for personal fulfillment, they will find the strength and ways to do that. It has been proved that an aesthetic need has semantic and aesthetic properties and has an artistic and perceptual nature, which provides an opportunity to obtain pleasure, enjoyment, joy, delight from beauty. It has been established that the process of perception or direct creativity of art are characterized by a combination of a goal and means, where the means develop into the goal, and the goal is the process itself when spiritual, functional and aesthetic needs of the individual are met, i.e. a person reaches a certain level in their activity when they create products and forms of cultural activity that meet more and more of their needs. The paper outlines that an emerging aesthetic need motivates a music teacher to create conditions and means for achieving satisfaction with their own creative activities, because an aesthetic need is a desire of a future music teacher to harmonize the internal and external world as well as development of aesthetic awareness of the world: to perceive and appreciate the beauty, to live and create according to the laws of beauty.


2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Ringmar

AbstractThis article provides a framework for the comparative study of international systems. By analyzing how international systems are framed, scripted, and performed, it is possible to understand how interstate relations are interpreted in different historical periods and parts of the world. But such an investigation also has general implications—inter alia for a study of the nature of power, the role of emotions in foreign policymaking, and public opinion formation. Case studies are provided by the Sino-centric, the Tokugawa, and the Westphalian systems. As this study shows, the two East Asian systems were in several respects better adapted than the Westphalian to the realities of international politics in the twenty-first century.


1987 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Rogowski

Combining the classical theorem of Stolper and Samuelson with a model of politics derived from Becker leads to the conclusion that exogenous changes in the risks or costs of countries' external trade will stimulate domestic conflict between owners of locally scarce and locally abundant factors. A traditional three-factor model then predicts quite specific coalitions and cleavages among owners of land, labor, and capital, depending only on the given country's level of economic development and its land-labor ratio. A preliminary survey of historical periods of expanding and contracting trade, and of such specific cases as the German “marriage of iron and rye,” U.S. and Latin American populism, and Asian socialism, suggests the accuracy of this hypothesis. While the importance of such other factors as cultural divisions and political inheritance cannot be denied, the role of exogenous changes in the risks and costs of trade deserves further investigation.


1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-677
Author(s):  
Robert L. Paarlberg

Too often world food problems are viewed as North-South problems, as matters to be resolved between rich and poor. In fact, most world food trade takes place entirely among the rich. The industrial nations of the European Community, Japan, and the USSR import more food today than all of the poor countries combined. These industrial food importing nations make a dubious contribution to the stability and security of the world food system. In different measure, they seek to shift adjustment burdens onto others, to enjoy something of a free ride. All have subsidized production for export in times of world surplus, and all have stepped ahead of poor countries to purchase high priced imports in times of scarcity. To these burden-shifting trade policies, the USSR in particular adds its own troublesome nonparticipation in most multilateral efforts at world food policy management. Prospects for improved burden sharing in the future are dim. Fortunately, the world food system still gains most of its stability and security from separate production decisions within nations, rather than from collective storage, trade, or aid decisions among nations.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-279
Author(s):  
SANKARANARAYANAN G

Cellular phones are taking a very important role in our day to day life. Communication is an essential aspect in human life and the role of cell phones has become a very important part in these days.In recent years, the number of mobile phones in the world had been increased at an exponential rate.The reasons for this are numerous, however lower prices and the availability of new technology mean that even the younger ones now own and regularly use mobile phones. Moreover, it has the capability to keeps in touch with family and friends from faraway places; these days due to the development of advanced technologies cell phones are not accomplished only for receiving and talking phone calls, but can also stores important data, takings cameras, stores songs etc.


Author(s):  
Gayane R. Nersesyan

The given article investigates the conceptual sphere of the modern English pedagogical discourse. The purpose of the paper is presented by the identification of the main concepts of discourse and the ways they are verbalised by means of language. In order to meet the aim the author touches upon the main approaches to the notion “concept”, as well as the concepts already identified in the pedagogical discourse. The main research is represented by the linguacognitive, pragma-semantic, and discourse analyses of the English pedagogical discourse, represented by the authentic pedagogical articles, along with the identification of its main concepts which reflect a wide range of both social and pedagogical processes. The results of the analysis represent the English pedagogical discourse to be rather independent conceptual sphere showing its own features. The identified concepts TOLERANCE, MULTICULTURALISM, PROFICIENCY and LANGUAGE show the strong interconnection between current social phenomena and the pedagogical sphere affecting the way individuals explore the world. The actualization of these concepts becomes possible with the help of language that implements dominant lexemes, derivatives, synonyms, evaluation, and other language means to deliver the functional role of the English pedagogical discourse. The research allows us to conclude that this very type of the discourse, its conceptual sphere and complex pragmatic-communicative charge still represent a wide scope for further research that is yet to be conducted.


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