scholarly journals Kolonizacja wewnętrzna Rosji w ujęciu Aleksandra Etkinda

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 213-233
Author(s):  
Andrzej Polak
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Joseph Conrad ◽  
Mikhail Bakhtin ◽  
Daniel Defoe ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Nikolai Gogol ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article aims to present the most important theses contained in the book of an outstanding Russian postcolonial researcher Alexander Etkind. At the heart of his deliberations lies the assumption that the Russian empire not only dominated foreign territories, but also native territories located in the central governorates of the state. The process was accompanied by colonization of the local population, above all — peasants. Etkind considers the Russian serfdom law and rural community as typical colonial institutions. His interests remain in some writers’ attempts to explain the phenomenon of internal colonization. A combination of methods used in historical and literary research results in an interesting interpretation of texts written by Daniel Defoe, Leo Tolstoy, Nikolai Gogol, Joseph Conrad, Immanuel Kant and Mikhail Bakhtin, reflecting their authors’ imperial experience. In the article, I focus on the issues included in the introduction and the first two parts of the book.

HISTORY OF MEDICINE DEVELOPMENT IN TURKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Mamarazok Tagaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Medicine Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Russian Empire

In the article, after the conquest of the Russian Empire in the province, hospitals were opened for the Russian military and turned them into a hospital. Opened hospitals in Tashkent, Samarkand and Kattakurgan and outpatients for women and men. However,the local population, fearing doctors in uniform, did not want to contact them and turned to healers and paramedics

scholarly journals On the Russian policy of colonialism: problems and methodology of study. Review of the book: Imperial policy of acculturation and the problem of colonialism (on the example of nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples of the Russian Empire) / S. V. Lyubichankovskiy (sci. ed.). Orenburg: OGAU Publishing House, 2019. 480 p.

2021 ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
N. D. Borshchik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Relationship

The peer-reviewed monograph is devoted to a number of topical issues, including the seizure and forced development of foreign territories and material resources, the existence of slavery, racial discrimination and even genocide of the local population. These phenomena in one form or another exist in modern reality. The merit of the author's team under the leadership of professor S. V. Lyubichankovskiy lies in the very formulation of a complex and debatable research problem: the relationship between the concepts of “acculturation” and “colonialism”, the existence of a state mechanism for the implementation of colonial policy and its evolution, the study of the phenomenon of the existence of the Russian Empire itself arouse keen interest of specialists in various branches of scientific knowledge. The authors did significant work to define the research terminology, to develop unified approaches and methods for solving tasks, which, in general, determined the quality of scientific work: the book under review can be evaluated as a major achievement of modern Russian historical science.

The Institutional Aspect of the Incorporation of the Central Caucasus Peoples into Russia in 1793—1822

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Abazov Alexei
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Civic Identity ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Institutional Aspect ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article explores the institutional aspect of the incorporation of the peoples of the Central Caucasus into the political and legal space of the Russian Empire on the example of the activities of the Mozdok Upper Border Court (1793—1822). Among the main areas of such incorporation, the court considers the application of Russian normative acts in decision-making, the legitimization of concluded and the certification of concluded contracts and transactions, the recognition and consolidation of the social status of representatives of the local population, and the use of institutions of justice unusual to the traditional legal consciousness of the highlanders. Attention is drawn to the formation of socionormative pluralism in the region, when the norms of adat, Muslim and Russian law were applied in resolving disputes and conflicts.Issues related to difficulties of inter-language communication of the court with subordinate institutions are considered. Examples of the issuance of mortgage letters by the court are considered as a guarantee of the fulfillment of property obligations assumed by the participants in the proceedings. Information is given on the introduction of the institution of attorneys in the practice of the border court. It is concluded that all this was one of the mechanisms for subsequently forming the origins of Russian civic identity among representatives of the local population.

scholarly journals Do sublime e do grotesco: a obscenidade em Hilda Hilst

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Jo A-mi
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Mikhail Bakhtin ◽  
Victor Hugo ◽  
Edmund Burke

Este trabalho tem por objetivo tratar da relação dialógica entre sublime e grotesco na obra A obscena Senhora D, de Hilda Hilst, tendo por base sua condição de ficção contemporânea permeada por recondicionamentos da língua em sua performance no tempo não linear. Nesse sentido, utilizou-se dos estudos sobre o sublime, como conceito histórico e filosófico-literário, nas obras de Longino, Edmund Burke, Immanuel Kant, Victor Hugo e François Lyotard. Das questões referentes às discussões sobre o grotesco e sua interlocução com os caminhos do sublime, tiveram relevante importância os trabalhos de Mikhail Bakhtin e Michel Maffesoli - na relação poético-obscena da obra, debatida em conceitos convergentes, como obscenidade, erotismo, sagrado e profano. Dessas análises, concluiu-se que, em A obscena Senhora D, o sublime e o grotesco evidenciam-se num caráter multifacetado, contraditório, interlocutório e, por isso, não excludente: sedimentando o híbrido fluxo linguístico-imagético da literatura hilstiana.  

scholarly journals Essay on Application of Byzantine Law in the Modern Bessarabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-223
Author(s):  
Anton D. Rudokvas ◽  
◽  
Andrej A. Novikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
General Description ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article describes the application of Byzantine law in the region of Bessarabia which formed part of the Russian Empire from the early 19th century until 1917. The empire allowed the local population to apply their local laws for the regulation of their civil law relations. Due to historical reasons, these local laws were identified with the law of the Byzantine Empire which had already disappeared in 1453. The authors of the article provide a general description of the sources of Bessarabian law and then turn to case study research regarding the jurisprudence of courts on the issues of the Law of Succession in Bessarabia. They demonstrate that in interpreting the provisions of the law applicable, Russian lawyers often referred to Roman law as a doctrinal background of Byzantine law. Furthermore, they did not hesitate to identify Roman law with Pandect law. Even though the doctrine of the Law of Pandects had been created in Germany on the basis of Roman law texts, it was far from the content of the original law of the Ancient Roman Empire. The fate of the practical application of Byzantine law in Bessarabia reflects some general problems of the ‘legal transplants’ in the history of law and therefore provides additional materials for the theoretical study of the issues of ‘legal transfer’ in history and nowadays.

scholarly journals Ruling techniques of the Ottoman Empire in Western Caucasus on the early XIX century (based on the document from the Ottoman State Archive of the President of the Republic of Turkey Hattı Hümayün 1103/4569-R

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Anri Robertovich Chediya
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The subject of this article is the policy and ruling techniques of the Ottoman Empire in Western Caucasus as a whole, and Abkhazia in particular, implemented due to expansion of military and economic presence of the Russian Empire in Caucasus in the early XIX century. Such methods include bringing local population (mostly representative of aristocracy – princes and noblemen) to the side of the Ottoman Empire for returning their dominance in the countries and cities (fortresses), considered by the Sublime Porte as the territories of their authority, and unlawfully annexed by the Russian Empire (namely the Principality of Abkhazia). This resulted in clash of interest of both superpowers that unfolded in Abkhazia and neighboring Circassia in the early XIX century. The scientific novelty consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of previously unpublished sources from the Ottoman State Archive of the President of the Republic of Turkey, as well as the Russian State Military-Historical Archive, which shed light on the methods of Ottoman control over the territories of Western Caucasus (Principality of Abkhazia, Circassia), as well as on the complicated questions regarding the clash of interests of the Russian and Ottoman empires in the region. The relevance of this work is substantiated by usage of both, Russian and Ottoman unpublished archival materials for describing the Ottoman ruling techniques in the region.

Белоруссизм в контексте столыпинского национализма

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Fyodor A.  Gayda
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
National Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Gradual Expansion ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Trinity

The article examines the political potential of the two programs and practices of nation-building at the beginning of the twentieth century associated with all-Russian and Belarusian national movements. The all-Russian project was formulated by the Prime Minister of the Russian Empire P.A. Stolypin. He proceeded from the idea of gradual and inevitable erosion of the estate system and democratization of the social system of Russia. Stolypin envisioned the creation of the political nation, the core of which would be the Russian people, quite traditionally understood as the trinity of Great Russians, Little Russians and Belarusians. According to Stolypin, the creation of the Russian nation led not to the restriction of the rights of ethnic minorities, but to their gradual expansion in the future, but on condition of loyalty to the state system and the national development of Russia. Until 1917, Russian nationalism in the Northwest region was much more influential than Belarusianism. The latter was represented by only a small circle of «Nasha Niva» journal supporters. Unlike Stolypin’s project, Belarusianism had no impact on any significant part of the local population.

The Caucasian War and Population Transfers in the Southern Outskirts of the Russian Empire

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Amiran Urushadze
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article examines the history of transfers (displacements) of the population during the years of the Caucasian War. Transfers are analyzed in the context of the Russian Empire's policy of establishing military and political control in the region. The article is based on the materials of several federal and regional archives, as well as published historical evidence and research literature. The author concludes that the history of colonization of the North Caucasus, which is widely represented in historiography, needs revision. The history of Russian colonization is a narrative about the adaptation of the Cossacks and peasants to the new conditions of life and interaction with the local population. However, new settlers came to the territories previously occupied by the indigenous population forced to leave them. In this respect, it is the history of transfers that allows us to understand the motives of the imperial administration, the mechanisms of organization of relocations, and the resettlement reflection of the population. Another conclusion of the article is that during the course of the Caucasian War, population transfers became one of the standard mechanisms of the Russian administration, and the large-scale eviction of the Adygs in 1862—1864 was a continuation of this policy.

The Russian Empire in the Western Caspian Region in 1722—1735: Management Experience

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Sharafetdin Magaramov
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Administrative Practice ◽  
Reliable Communications ◽  
Management Experience ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire

Based on documentary data from the funds of federal and state archives and taking into account the modern achievements of Russian historiography, the article examines the experience of the administrative practice of the Russian Empire in the Western Caspian region in 1722—1735. The activity of the commanders-in-chief of the Grassroots Corps of Generals M. A. Matyushkin and V. V. Dolgorukov on the organization of a management system for the southwestern shores of the Caspian Sea, ensuring the security of communications and the loyalty of Caucasian and Persian societies. Strengthening the position of the Russian government included a whole range of measures: punitive expeditions against rebellious rulers, appeals and appeals to the population not to follow the “rioters”, payment of remuneration and the provision of royal favor to loyal rulers, the introduction of the institution of amanity (hostage taking), collection of information with the help of spies , merchants, etc. The unhealthy climate, ethnopolitical disunity of the region, the reluctance of the local population to submit to “alien” power, the confrontation between the Persian and Turkish authorities created serious difficulties in the management of the region. The remoteness of the Western Caspian region from the main part of the Russian Empire, the unprofitability of the presence of imperial troops in the region, large losses among troops from diseases, the lack of reliable communications for replenishing the personnel of the garrisons and their food supply, as well as the radically changed foreign policy situation around the region ultimately led to the return of the Western Caspian region under the Rasht treaty of 1732 and the Ganja treaty of 1735 to Persia.

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