scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity Test of Red Ginger Extract (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) Against Streptococcus pyogenes In vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Samira Assegaf ◽  
Arthur Pohan Kawilarang ◽  
Retno Handajani
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Red Ginger ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

Introduction: Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) is known as an antibacterial agent. Streptococcus pyogenes is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis in children and adults. Over the years, antibiotic resistance case is increasing. Therefore, further research of other substances to find an bactericidal or bacteriostatic agent is needed. The aim of this study is to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Z. officinale var. rubrum against S. pyogenes. Methods: Serial dilution test of red ginger extract in Mueller hinton broth (8 concentrations of red ginger extract : 80%, 40%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 2,5%, 1,25%, and 0,625%) and positive control (1 ml bacterial suspension in Mueller hinton broth) was used to determine MIC. MBC was determined by culturing solutions from the previous dilution test into blood agar plate.lResults: MIC of red ginger extract against S. pyogenes could not be determined because the color of red ginger extract affected the turbidity of the dilution test result. MBC of red ginger extract against S. pyogenes was at concentration 20% of red ginger extract.Conclusion: Z. officinale var. rubrum showed antibacterial activity against S. pyogenes.

scholarly journals Increased Killing of Staphylococci and Streptococci by Daptomycin Compared with Cefazolin and Vancomycin in an In Vitro Peritoneal Dialysate Model

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 3764-3767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D. Hermsen ◽  
Laurie B. Hovde ◽  
John R. Hotchkiss ◽  
John C. Rotschafer
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysate ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Promising Agent ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Dependent Activity ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

ABSTRACT Peritoneal dialysate fluid (PDF) is a bacteriostatic medium that compromises the antibacterial activity of cell wall-active agents. By use of an in vitro static model, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSE), and Streptococcus sanguis were exposed to daptomycin at concentrations of 10, 30, and 100 mg/liter, cefazolin at 125 mg/liter, and vancomycin at 25 mg/liter in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton Broth or Todd Hewitt Broth (for S. sanguis) and PDF at pHs of 5.5 and 7.4. The pH had no effect on antibacterial activity. Neither cefazolin nor vancomycin produced a bactericidal or a bacteriostatic effect versus MRSA, MSSA, MSSE, or S. sanguis in PDF, while all concentrations of daptomycin were bactericidal against all organisms in PDF. Daptomycin did not exhibit concentration-dependent activity in PDF. Daptomycin appears to be a promising agent for use in peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis, producing bacterial kill to a greater extent and at a higher rate than cefazolin or vancomycin in PDF.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) TERHADAP JUMLAH SEL MAKROFAG ULKUS TRAUMATIKUS MUKOSA MULUT AKIBAT BAHAN KIMIAWI Penelitian in vivo pada Rattus Norvegicus

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Fitria Hidayati ◽  
Prima Agusmawanti ◽  
Muhammad Dian Firdausy
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Mucosal Ulceration ◽  
Red Ginger

Background: Traumatic ulcer is an oral mucosa ulcerative lesion caused by trauma. One of the causes is chemicals. Clinical features of traumatic ulcer including yellowish white spots with reddish halo and painful. Treatment for this ulcer are suppressing inflammation and pain thus will increase healing process. Macrophage will be decreased at the end of the inflammatory phase. Red ginger extracts (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) contains some compounds that can heal ulcers. Purpose: The objective of this research was to find out the effect of red ginger extract on the macrophage numbers in traumatic oral mucosal ulceration due to chemical in Rattus norvegicus. Method: This study was experimental which post test only control group design. There were five groups: negative control group without intervention, positive control group treat aloclair, and red ginger extract in 2%, 4%, 8% consentration group. The experimental animals were used 25 Rattus norvegicus. They were injured on oral mucosa using H2O2 30% two times a day. Their oral mucosa were made as hystologycal slide, and macrophage counts were observed, then analyzed by Anova test and LSD test. Result: The result indicates some significant effect of red ginger extract on the macrophage numbers in traumatic oral mucosal ulceration from Anova test 0,001 (<0,05). There are significant differences between 2% consentration of red ginger extract and positive control group.There are no significant difference beetween 4%, 8% consentration of red ginger extract and positive control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that red ginger extract have influence on the number of macrophages in chamical traumatic oral mucosal ulceration in Rattus norvegicus.

scholarly journals Combination of Propolis Extract (Trigona Sp) and Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) as Alternative Antibiotics against Escherichia Coli In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid Jamaluddin ◽  
Muhammad F. Mursalim ◽  
Andi M. S. Apada
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Escherichia coli is a gram negative bacterium which is a normal flora in the digestive tract. In birds, this bacterium causes a disease known as colibasillosis. Antibiotics are generally used, but excessive use will cause residues and antibiotic resistance. To avoid resistance or residue, an alternative treatment is needed. The combination of propolis and ginger extract is very promising to develop because both have a synergistic effect as antimicrobials. The research aims to determine the effect of the combination extract on Escherichia coli bacteria in vitro. We used 8 groups which contain combinations of propolis and ginger extract. We used amoxicillin disk as a positive control, 1% Na CMC as a negative control. The results showed a combination of ginger and propolis extract showed good inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli in all groups> 6mm., and the highest inhibitory activity was K3 (5% propolis combination and 15% ginger extract) with 8.7 mm. The combination of propolis and ginger extract has the potential to be used as an alternative antibiotic to prevent antibiotic resistance from synthetic antibiotics.Keywords: alternative antibiotics, combination extracts, Escherichia coli, ginger, in vitro, propolis

scholarly journals Snake venoms and purified toxins as biotechnological tools to control Ralstonia solanacearum

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita de Cássia Alves ◽  
José Roberto Vieira Júnior ◽  
Tamiris Chaves Freire ◽  
Aline Souza da Fonseca ◽  
Simone Carvalho Sangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Snake Venoms ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacterium ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Probit Method

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of snake venoms and purified toxins on the phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. The evaluations were performed with 17 crude venoms (13 from Bothrops, 3 from Crotalus, and 1 from Lachesis) and seven toxins (1 from Bothrops and 6 from Crotalus). Antibacterial activity was assessed in MB1 medium containing solubilized treatments (1 μL mL-1). A total of 100 μL bacterial suspension (8.4 x 109 CFU mL-1) was used. After incubation at 28°C, the number of bacterial colonies at 24, 48, and 72 hours after inoculation was evaluated. SDS-PAGE gel at 15% was used to analyze the protein patterns of the samples, using 5 μg protein of each sample in the assay. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and lethal concentration (LC50) values were determined by the Probit method. Venoms and toxins were able to reduce more than 90% of R. solanacearum growth. These results were either equivalent to those of the positive control chloramphenicol or even better. While MIC values ranged from 4.0 to 271.5 μg mL-1, LC50 ranged from 28.5 μg mL-1 to 4.38 mg mL-1. Ten crude venoms (7 from Bothrops and 3 from Crotalus) and two purified toxins (gyroxin and crotamine) are promising approaches to control the phytopathogenic bacterium R. solanacearum.

Effectiveness of Gout Therapy with Polyherbal Extract of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) and Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) in Hyperuricemia Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Fathur Rohman Haryadi
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Gout ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme ◽  
Red Ginger ◽  
Potassium Oxonate

Gout can cause inflammation of acute gout arthtritis, as well as other complications. Provision of chemical drugs in the long term have side effects. Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) contain flavonoids which can inhibit the xanthine oxidase enzyme, so as to reduce uric acid levels. Red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) is rich in gingerol to reduce uric acid with anti-inflammatory effect. Polyberbal combination is expected to increase the effectiveness of therapy. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of polyherbal combinations. 25 male rats (2-3 months) were divided into five groups, namely negative control, positive control, (P1) 25% red ginger extract: 75% shallot, (P2) 50% red ginger extract: 50% shallot, ( P3) 75% red ginger extract: 25% shallot. Induction of potassium oxonate 250 mg / kg BW intraperitoneally on the 7th day. The first measurement of uric acid on the 14th day with Urid Acid Toos, the 15th to 28th days was administered herbal / chemical drugs according to the group. Measurement of second and third uric acid on days 21 and 28. Data were analyzed by one-way Anova (RAL), further significance tests using Least Significant Different (LSD). The results showed that administration of potassium oxonate and combination of herbal extracts had a significant effect (p <0.05) on uric acid levels in all groups. The most effective herbal combination doses are (P3) 75% red ginger (450 mg / 200 gr) and 25% shallot (150 mg / 200 gr BW). The conclusion of this study is the combination of red ginger extract and shallot can be recommended as a uric acid-lowering agent.

scholarly journals ISOLASI SENYAWA AKTIF DAN UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) SEBAGAI IMUNOMODULATOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Masniah Masniah ◽  
Jafril Rezi ◽  
Ahmad Purnawarman Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Immunostimulatory Activity ◽  
Macrophage Cells ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Red Ginger

Red ginger (Zingiber officinale) contains many chemical compounds that have many activities. This study aims to determine the active compounds of Zingiber officinale and immunomodulatory activity that can increase the phagocytosis of macrophage cells and lymphocyte cell proliferation. Red ginger extract compounds were identified using GC-MS. The parameters of immunostimulatory activity were macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation, the preparations were made in several extract concentrations. This research is an experimental study in the laboratory. The research included fresh red ginger, made into ethanol extract, dried. The results were made a suspension, the extract was then given to macrophage cells (phagocytosis testing) and lymphocyte cells (proliferation testing) in vitro to test the immunomodulatory effect. The results showed that the most active extract in macrophage phagocytosis activity was the extract concentration of 500 ppm. While the activity of lymphocyte proliferation was shown by the concentration of group A (Cell, 500 ppm extract, MK, Engerik). The active compound contained in the ethanol extract of red ginger is thought to be Geraniol

ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA IN VITRO DO EXTRATO AQUOSO, HIDROALCOÓLICO E ALCOÓLICO DE FOLHAS DE ESPÉCIES DA FAMÍLIA LAMIACEAE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlynne Freire Mendonça ◽  
José Klauber Roger Carneiro ◽  
Maria Auxiliadora Silva Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Mentha Arvensis ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus

Objetivos: avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana em extrato aquoso, hidroalcoólico e alcoólico das folhas de espécies da família Lamiaceae frente a bactérias de interesse. Método: Foram escolhidas quatro espécies: Ocimum gratissimum, Plectranthus amboinicus, Mentha arvensis e Plectranthus barbatus. A partir das folhas foram confeccionados os extratos aquoso, hidroalcoólico e alcoólico nas concentrações 100mg/mL, 50mg/mL e 25mg/mL. Foram selecionadas as bactérias Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa para os ensaios de antibiose em Ágar Mueller-Hinton. Resultados: P. barbatus, em seu extrato hidroalcoólico mostrou ativo nas três concentrações para bactéria S. aureus, e ainda foi ativo para P. aeruginosa, demonstrando no extrato alcoólico atividade frente as bactérias. Para M. arvensis e P. amboinicus, seus extratos hidroalcoólico e alcoólico apresentaram atividade para S. aureus. Conclusão: Sugere-se que as espécies em questão apresentem boa atividade antimicrobiana, sendo necessária a realização de mais estudos para melhor entender esse mecanismo.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin against 2,789 Clinical Isolates from 11 North American Medical Centers

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1919-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur L. Barry ◽  
Peter C. Fuchs ◽  
Steven D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Calcium Cations ◽  
Important Exception ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth

ABSTRACT The in vitro activity of daptomycin is affected by the concentration of calcium cations in the test medium. Mueller-Hinton broth is currently adjusted to contain 10 to 12.5 mg of magnesium per liter and 20 to 25 mg of calcium per liter, but for testing of daptomycin, greater concentrations of calcium (50 mg/liter) are recommended to better resemble the normal concentration of ionized calcium in human serum. Two levels of calcium were used for broth microdilution tests of 2,789 recent clinical isolates of gram-positive bacterial pathogens. MICs of daptomycin were two- to fourfold lower when the broth contained additional calcium. For most species, however, the percentages of strains that were inhibited by 2.0 μg of daptomycin per ml were essentially identical with the two broth media. Enterococci were the important exception; i.e., 92% were inhibited when tested in calcium-supplemented broth but only 35% were inhibited by 2.0 μg/ml without the additional calcium. This type of information should be considered when selecting criteria for defining in vitro susceptibility to daptomycin.

Effect of Ethanol/Trisodium Citrate Lock on Microorganisms Causing Hemodialysis Catheter-Related Infections

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Takla ◽  
S.A. Zelenitsky ◽  
L.M. Vercaigne
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hemodialysis Catheter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lock Solution ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth ◽  
Made In

Purpose This in vitro study tested the effectiveness of a novel 30% ethanol/4% trisodium citrate (TSC) lock solution against the most common pathogens causing hemodialysis catheter-related infections. Methods Clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (n=4), methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) (n=8), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) (n=8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=4) and Escherichia coli (n=4) were tested in duplicate. Bacterial suspensions of each isolate were made in a control solution of normal saline and Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB), and in a lock solution of ethanol 30%, TSC 4% and MHB. Suspensions were incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. Colony counts were determined from samples collected at t=0 h (before exposure to the ethanol/TSC lock), t=1 h (one hour after exposure to the ethanol/TSC lock), t=24 h and t=48 h. To confirm the absence of viable organisms in the lock solution, the remaining volume at 48 h was filtered through a 0.45 μm filter. The filter was rinsed with 15 mL sterile water and plated on tryptic soy agar (TSA). Results All controls demonstrated significant growth over 48 h. In the lock solutions, initial inocula were reduced to 0 viable colonies by t=1 h (6-log kill), and there was no growth at t=24 and 48 h. Filtering of lock solutions also showed no growth. These results were consistent among duplicates of all isolates. Conclusions The 30% ethanol/4% TSC lock solution consistently eradicated MRSA, MSSA, MRSE, P. aeruginosa and E. coli within 1 h of exposure. Experiments are currently underway to test this novel lock solution on preventing biofilm production by these pathogens.

scholarly journals Influence of Zingiber officinale Extract on Push-Out Bond Strength of Glass-Fiber Post

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Mara da Silva ◽  
Virgílio Vilas Boas Fernandes Junior ◽  
Rosemary Soares de Santana ◽  
Renata Marques de Melo Marinho ◽  
Márcia Carneiro Valera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Fiber Post ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Glass Fiber Post ◽  
Push Out

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the influence of 20% glycolic ginger extract on the bond strength of glass-fiber post cemented with etch-and-rinse or self-etching resin cement. Forty-eight bovine roots were standardized (17±0.5 mm) and randomly divided into two groups, according to irrigant used during biomechanical preparation: NaOCl: 1% sodium hypochlorite and GEN: 20% glycolic ginger extract. Root canal was prepared and randomly assigned to one of two subgroups (n=12), according to luting protocol: self-etching (RelyX U200) and etch-and-rinse (RelyX ARC). After 48 h, the roots were sectioned perpendicularly (4 in cervical third and 3 in middle third) and submitted to push-out bond strength test (50 kgf load cell, 1.0 mm/min). Failure mode was analyzed in SEM and stereomicroscopy. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). ANOVA revealed that there were no significant differences between U200 (2.01±0.17)B and ARC (1.93±0.12)B in GEN group, and at the cervical third for both irrigants, 2.69±0.16A and 2.54±0.17A, respectively. Middle third showed lower bond strength than cervical third, regardless the irrigant. Overall, the cervical third regardless the irrigant employed and the association between NaOCl and ARC, presented better adhesive performance.

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