scholarly journals Implementasi Prehospital Stroke Scale sebagai Screening Tools Serangan Stroke bagi Komunitas Risiko Tinggi

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Linda Widyarani ◽  
Cecilya Kustanti

Pendahuluan : Stroke merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi di Indonesia, dengan prosentase 21,1%. Deteksi dini stroke oleh individu berisiko tinggi beserta keluarga (layperson), dengan prehospital stroke scales merupakan konsep utama chain of survivals stroke. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mensintesis artikel-artikel tentang prehospital stroke scales yang dapat diajarkan pada individu berisiko tinggi beserta keluarga (layperson), agar individu berisiko tinggi beserta keluarga (layperson) terbekali dengan baik dan keberhasilan program terapi serta pengobatan dapat optimalMetode : Desain penelitian ini adalah literature review, yaitu menelaah hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya pada artikel yang telah terpublikasi. Penelusuran artikel dilakukan melalui PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct dan Google Scholar. Kriteria inklusi meliputi a) publikasi artikel dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir 2010-2020, b) artikel menggunakan Bahasa Inggris dan memiliki fulltext, c) studi yang terdiri dari randomized control trial, cohort study dan qualitative study, sedangkan kriteria ekslusi meliputi artikel yang tidak memenuhi kriteria inklusi pada penelitian ini.Hasil : Hasil dari sintesis artikel yang telah ditemukan yaitu prehospital stroke scales dengan Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS), The Los Angeles Prehopsital Stroke Screen (LAPSS) dan juga Face Arm Speech Time (FAST) time dapat dikampanyekan dan diajarkan pada individu berisiko tinggi beserta keluarga (layperson) agar individu berisiko tinggi beserta keluarga (layperson) terbekali dengan baik dan keberhasilan program terapi.Kesimpulan : Pengobatan dapat optimal sehingga angka morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien stroke dalam diminimalkan.    

e-CliniC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Rampengan ◽  
Johnny Rompis ◽  
Valentine Umboh

Abstract: COVID-19 is spreading at an extremely rapid rate and can affect all age groups, albeit, information about clinical symptoms and laboratory examinations of COVID-19 I in neonates is still quite limited. This study was aimed to determine the clinical symptoms, radiographic examinations especially CT-scans, and laboratory tests that could appear in neonates suffering from COVID-19. This was a literature review study using three databases, namely Pubmed, Clinical Key, and Google Scholar. The keywords used were Covid-19 / SARS-CoV-2 AND Neonatus AND sign and symptoms AND laboratory. The selection based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, obtained 15 case report studies, three retrospective studies, one observational study, and one cohort study. The review revealed that the most frequent clinical features that appeared were fever (54.8%), dyspnoea (35.4%), and cough (29%). Meanwhile, for CT-Scan radiographs, there were 14 of 31 neonates (45.2%) did not show any abnormalities or normal. The most frequent abnormal image was ground glass opacity (GGO) (29%). Among laboratory examinations, lymphopenia was the most common abnormality (32.2%). Moreover, leukocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased PCT, AST, etc. could also occur. Of all the reviewed literatures, there were no death cases of neonates died due to COVID-19. In conclusion, fever, dyspnea, cough, and lymphopenia are the most common findings as well as GGO in the CT-Scan radiograph.Keywords: COVID-19, neonates Abstrak: COVID-19 menyebar dengan sangat pesat dan dapat menjangkiti semua kelompok usia namun informasi mengenai gejala klinis dan pemeriksaan laboratorium terhadap kelompok neonatus masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran klinis, pemeriksaan radiografi khususnya CT-Scan, dan pemeriksaan laboratorium yang bisa muncul pada neonatus dengan COVID-19. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu Pubmed, Clinical Key, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu Covid-19/ SARS-CoV-2 AND Neonatus AND sign and symptom AND laboratory. Hasil seleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi mendapatkan 15 penelitian case report, tiga retrospective study, satu observational study, dan satu cohort study. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa gambaran klinis yang paling sering muncul ialah demam (54,8%), sesak (35,4%), dan batuk (29%). Pemeriksaan radiografi CT-Scan, neonatus yang tidak menunjukkan kelainan (normal) terdapat pada 14 dari 31 neonatus diamati (45,2%), sedangkan kelainan yang sering muncul ialah ground glass opacity/GGO (29%). Pada pemeriksaan laboratorium, limfopenia merupakan kelainan tersering (32,2%), sedangkan leukositosis, leukopenia, trombositopenia, peningkatan PCT, AST, dll juga bisa terjadi. Dari semua literatur yang dikaji, tidak ditemukan kasus kematian neonatus akibat COVID-19. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah gambaran klinis yang paling sering muncul pada neonatus ialah demam, sesak, dan batuk, limfopenia, dan GGO pada CT-Scan.Kata kunci: COVID-19, neonatus


2014 ◽  
Vol 2;17 (2;3) ◽  
pp. E229-E333
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Foye

Background: Treating pain associated with acute coccyx fractures can be challenging. Intranasal calcitonin has been used to treat acute pain after vertebral fracture, and may even accelerate fracture healing. However, intranasal calcitonin has never previously been published as part of the treatment of acute coccyx fractures. Objective: To examine a series of cases in which intranasal calcitonin was used to treat coccydynia related to coccyx fractures. Study Design: Case series and literature review. Setting: Outpatient university-based coccyx pain center. Results: After use of intranasal calcitonin, pain levels decreased, adverse events were minimal, and the medication was generally well tolerated. Limitations: As this is not a randomized control trial, the patients treated with intranasal calcitonin were not compared to a control group. Additionally, the sample size of 8 patients is relatively small. Conclusions: We propose that clinicians consider use of intranasal calcitonin for the treatment of pain due to acute coccyx fractures. Key words: Coccyx, fractures, calcitonin, pain


Author(s):  
Sab Fitri Nur Hayati ◽  
Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin

Background: In the current era of globalization, the Indonesian government's problem today is the weakening of nationalism and patriotism among the millennial generation. The large number of foreign cultures that have entered Indonesia has caused a sense of nationalism and patriotism. In addition, Indonesia is also facing the problem of spreading the Covid-19 virus. During the pandemic, various policies set by the government received protests from some circles because they felt their freedom was restricted. Therefore, the awareness of millennial generation nationalism is needed, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic like today. This research aims to make millennials aware of nationalism sense, which mainly to prevent the spread of Covid-19. This research is used to answer the questions of what the problems that arise due to the waning of the spirit of nationalism during the pandemic are? and what efforts should be made to maintain the spirit of nationalism? Methods: This research is a qualitative study using the literature review method. The articles used are research published in 2019 to 2021 in Google Scholar, with keywords that match the topic of millennial generation nationalism in the Covid-19 pandemic. Results and Discussion: The results of the study found that the spirit of Indonesian nationalism during the Covid-19 pandemic was decreasing. The decline in the sense of nationalism is due to several government policies that impact the psychology of society and the Indonesian economy. As a result, society, particularly the millennial generation, must play a role in breaking the chain of the Covid-19 virus's propagation by following the government's health standards. Conclusion: The government and society need to work together to understand nationalism in the millennial generation, especially in dealing with problems caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on this, various efforts need to be made to foster the spirit of nationalism and overcome the Covid-19 pandemic. So that later, it can produce a generation that upholds the value of nationalism in everyday life.


2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bernays ◽  
Sara Paparini ◽  
Stella Namukwaya ◽  
Janet Seeley

In this article, we present a case study in which we consider our use of the audio diary method with young people (aged 10–24) living with HIV in Uganda in a longitudinal qualitative study conducted in a clinical randomized control trial. Despite initial enthusiasm for the method among participants to capture accounts of participants’ experiences outside of the confines of the HIV clinic, the constraints the young people encountered in accessing sufficient privacy to confidently make recordings meant that no one elected to use them again in the study. Despite the insights the use of the method generated, the lack of acceptability led to its relative failure. This demonstrates that despite the call for innovation, there is an unwavering necessity when selecting methods that they align with the needs and preferences of our participants and with an attentive assessment of the local context in which illness narratives are produced.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Elysabeth Sinulingga ◽  
Agung Waluyo ◽  
Sri Yona

<p><em>Background: People infected with HIV (PIWH) are increasing in number in Karo Regency every year. Therefore, all sub-districts or villages contribute the incidence of HIV / AIDS. While the HIV prevention </em><em>program already exists at KPA GBKP (Commission on HIV /AIDS Prevention of Batak Karo Protestant Church) but has not seen its effect. Methods: Literature review are conducted using the PRISMA model. All studies reviewed were quantitative, with most studies using cross sectional studies (14.29%), using literature reviews (9.52%), using experiments (28.57), using quasi experiments (33.33%, and using Randomized Control Trial/RCT (14.29%). Sample sizes varied from 134 to 1444 participants. The dependent variable is HIV/AIDS prevention. Independent variables are church members, family support, and increased self-awareness. Of the 1173 articles, 21 that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study. The articles were collected from 4 database sources including Proquest, EBSCO-CINAHL, Springer Link and Google Scoler. Result: HIV/AIDS prevention was influenced by self awareness (18.1%), church members (9%), family support (54.5%), and interventions to prevent HIV/AIDS (27.2%). Although some countries had revealed that the promotion of HIV/AIDS health and prevention was improved and the concern of all communities to reduce the stigma of HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: Increased HIV/AIDS prevention was influenced by the role of church members, community, family support, and increased self awareness.</em></p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: </strong>Latar Belakang: Orang yang terinfeksi dengan HIV (ODHA semakin meningkat jumlahnya di Kabupaten Karo setiap tahun. Oleh karena, semua wilayah kecamatan atau desa ikut menyumbangkan angka kejadian penyakit HIV/AIDS. Sementara program pencegahan HIV sudah ada dilakukan di KPA GBKP (Komisi Penangulangan HIV/AIDS Gereja Batak Karo Protestan) tetapi belum terlihat pengaruhnya. Metode: Kajian literatur dilakukan dengan menggunakan model PRISMA. Semua studi yang ditinjau adalah kuantitatif, dengan sebagian besar studi menggunakan studi cross sectional (14,29%), menggunakan tinjauan literatur (9,52%), menggunakan eksperimen (28,57), menggunakan quasi eksperimen (33,33%, dan menggunakan <em>Randomized Control Trial/RCT</em> (14,29%). Ukuran sampel bervariasi dari 134 hingga 1.444 peserta. Variabel dependen adalah pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Variabel yang tidak tergantung adalah anggota gereja, dukungan keluarga, dan peningkatan <em>self awareness</em>. Dari 1.173 artikel, 21 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang dipilih untuk penelitian ini. Artikel-artikel tersebut dikumpulkan dari 4 sumber basis data meliputi Proquest, EBSCO-CINAHL, Springer Link dan Google Scoler. Hasil: Pencegahan HIV/ AIDS dipengaruhi oleh <em>self awareness</em> (18,1%), anggota gereja (9%), dukungan keluarga (54,5%), dan intervensi untuk mencegah HIV/AIDS (27,2%). Meskipun beberapa negara telah mengungkapkan bahwa promosi kesehatan dan pencegahan HIV/AIDS ditingkatkan dan kepedulian semua masyarakat untuk mengurangi stigma HIV/ AIDS. Kesimpulan: Peningkatan pencegahan HIV/ AIDS dipengaruhi oleh peran anggota gereja, komunitas, dukungan keluarga, dan peningkatan <em>self awareness</em>.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Ulfah Nurrahmani ◽  
Noviyah

Pneumonia pasca operasi adalah komplikasi paling umum ketiga untuk semua prosedur bedah dan dikaitkan dengan peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien. VAP terjadi pada 9-27% pasien dengan endotrakeal intubasi, menghasilkan peningkatan risiko 8 kali lipat kematian pada pasien yang menjalani operasi bedah jantung. Aspirasi bakteri dari saluran pencernaan bagian atas telah diidentifikasi sebagai mekanisme kunci dalam patogenesis VAP. Pencegahan pneumonia pasca operasi dihubungkan dengan optimalisasi kebersihan mulut mulai dari fase praoperasi hingga pascaoperasi. Tujuan mengetahui hubungan oral hygiene dengan penurunan kejadian pneumonia pasca operasi bedah jantung berdasarkan pada sumber literatur jurnal penelitian ilmiah terkait. Metode penelitian dengan melakukan pencarian terhadap hasil penelitian dari database seperti PubMed, sciencedirect, dan NCBI dengan menggunakan kata kunci oral hygiene, pneumonia, cardiac surgery. Studi yang digunakan kuantitatif dan kualitatif, serta artikel yang dipublikasikan sampai tanggal 30 Juni 2020 dengan metode penelitian menggunakan quasi experiment dan randomized control trial. Hasil penelusuran didapat 173 artikel dan dipilih 7 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria untuk dilakukan review. Berdasarkan hasil review didapatkan: Tingkat infeksi nosokomial secara keseluruhan menurun pada pasien yang mendapat intervensi oral hygiene. Pneumonia pasca operasi dapat dicegah dengan intervensi sederhana berupa oral hygiene, sikat gigi, dan kumur klorheksidine. Protokol kebersihan mulut dilaksanakan mulai 3 hari preoperasi sampai pasca operasi dengan menggunakan klorheksidine 0,12% atau 0,2% dan salep mupirocin intranasal 2% atau salep dengan kandungan klorheksidine 0,12%. Kesimpulan: Oral hygiene signifkan dalam pencegahan pneumonia pascaoperasi bedah jantung. Dengan optimalisasi kebersihan gigi, dapat meningkatkan keluaran hasil operasi bedah jantung


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Bwanika Naggirinya ◽  
David B Meya ◽  
Joseph Rujumba ◽  
Peter Waiswa ◽  
Rosalind Parkes-Ratanshi

Abstract Background: AIDS is the leading cause of death among young people in sub-Saharan Africa. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is the principal determinant for achieving and sustaining viral suppression, which decreases progression to AIDS and reduces risk of mortality. Few studies have evaluated mHealth adherence tools among youths in resource-limited settings.We aim to evaluate whethermHealth tool improves ART adherence outcomes among youth receiving ART at a rural district in Western Uganda. The Corona virus disease outbreak was announced a Public Health Emergency of International concern on Jan 2020; and declared a global pandemic by World Health Organization on Mar, 2020.In rural areas, there is little data on knowledge and myths on COVID among youths.General objective:To assessacceptability, effect and cost of themHealth tool on ART adherence, knowledge and myths on COVID-19among youth initiating and on ART at KiryandongoDistrict.Methods: This is a mixed methodsequential exploratory study, with the qualitative study conducted first followed by a randomized control trial and healthcare cost evaluation.The qualitative study will assess barriers, enablers of adherence and acceptability of mHealth among youths receiving care at three health facilities inKiryandongo District.The randomized control trial of 206 youth initiatingARTto either Standard of Care or mHealth tool plus Standard of care to assesseffect of mHealth tool on ART adherence and retention in care. Through a basic cell phone, participants in the intervention arm will receive pill reminders, clinic appointment reminders, health voice messages and self-reported symptoms in addition to standard of care. Collection of data on knowledge and myths on COVID-19, HIV and sexual behavior. The health care evaluationnested within randomized trial, will assess the cost of interventionin comparison to Standard of care.Discussion: This project will determine acceptability, effectiveness of mHealth, knowledge & myths on COVID-19and cost of delivering pill and clinic appointment reminders, and voice messages to a population with suboptimal ART adherence in a resource-limited setting.Trial registration: Fully registered under clinicaltrials.gov by 20th Jan 2021. The study is ongoing. Recruitment started Aug 2020.Clinical Trial registration: NCT 04718974


e-CliniC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad S. D. Wijaya ◽  
Max F. J. Mantik ◽  
Novie H. Rampengan

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the biggest health problems worldwide due to high morbidity and mortality rates. Moreover, Indonesia has the third largest TB cases in the world after India and China. This study was aimed to evaluate the risk factors of TB in children. This was a literature review study using three databases, namely Google Scholar, ClinicalKey, and PubMed. The results showed that after being selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 10 literatures in this study consisting of 2 case control studies, 4 cross sectional studies, 1 difference test, 1 meta-analysis, 1 case report, and 1 cohort study. The 10 literatures reviewed factors or characteristics of age, sex, history of BCG immunization, malnutrition, history of contact with person suffering from TB, exposure to cigarette smoke, occupant density, and poverty. Risk factors obtained from the review were young age (0-5 years), male sex, malnutrition, history of contact, and poverty. The other risk factors specifically history of BCG immunization, exposure to cigarette smoke, and occupant density were still contradicting among literatures. In conclusion, the most dominant risk factor of TB in children is history of contact with person suffering from TB. Keywords: risk factors, tuberculosis, children.  Abstrak: Penyakit tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan terbesar di dunia dikarenakan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. selain itu Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kasus TB terbesar ketiga di dunia setelah India dan Tiongkok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi faktor risiko tuberkulosis pada anak. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review dengan menggunakan tiga database, yakni Google Scholar, ClinicalKey, dan PubMed. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa diseleksi dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, didapatkan 10 literatur yang terdiri dari 2 case control study, 4 cross sectional study, 1 uji beda, 1 meta-analysis, 1 case report, dan 1 cohort study. Sepuluh literatur ini mengulas tentang pengaruh faktor atau karakteristik terhadap TB ada anak, yaitu: usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat imunisasi BCG, malnutrisi, riwayat kontak dengan pengidap TB, asap rokok, kepadatan hunian, dan kemiskinan. Faktor-faktor risiko yang diperoleh ialah usia muda (0-5 tahun), jenis kelamin laki-laki, malnutrisi, riwayat kontak, dan kemiskinan dapat memengaruhi kejadian TB pada anak. Faktor-faktor risiko lainnya yakni riwayat imunisasi BCG, paparan asap rokok, dan kepadatan hunian masih kontradiktif antar literatur. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah faktor risiko yang paling dominan menyebabkan penyakit TB pada anak ialah riwayat kontak.Kata kunci: faktor risiko, tuberculosis pada anak


2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Angger Anugerah Hadi Sulistyo

This article explores the effective management of diabetic foot ulcer. A literature review was conducted by analyzing scholar papers including systematic review, clinical and a randomized control trial published between 2000 to 2016 in the English language. Data were searched through CINAHL, PubMed, Proquest and Google Scholar. The keywords used were diabetic foot ulcer or diabetic foot ulcers or diabetic foot or neuropathic foot ulcer combined with assessment and treatment. There were two kinds of assessment used in diabetic foot ulcer which are risk assessment and wound assessment. The treatments that frequently used in diabetic foot ulcer are systemic treatment and local treatment. This literature review can be used as a guideline and literature for further experimental studies. Keywords: diabetic foot ulcer, management of foot ulcer, assessment of foot ulcer, treatment of foot ulcer  Abstrak Artikel ini dibuat dengan mencari sumber literatur dari manajemen luka kaki diabetes. Tujuan studi literatur ini adalah untuk mencari manajemen luka diabetes yang paling efektif. Studi literatur ini dibuat dengan melakukan analisis artikel-artikel ilmiah meliputi systematic review, clinical and a randomized control trial dalam bahasa inggris yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2000 sampai 2016. Data didapatkan dengan mencari di beberapa database meliputi CINAHL, PubMed, Proquest and Google Scholar. Kata kunci pencarian data yaitu dengan menggunakan kata kunci diabetic foot ulcer or diabetic foot ulcers or diabetic foot or neuropathic foot ulcer combined with assessment and treatment. Pada studi literatur ini didapatkan 14 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria penelitian. Hasil pencarian artikel ditemukan 2 jenis pengkajian luka diabetes yaitu pengkajian resiko dan pengkajian luka diabetes. Sedangkan penanganan yang sering digunakan dalam luka diabetes adalah penanganan sistemik dan penaganan local. Studi literatur ini dapat dijadikan petunjuk dan tambahan referensi untuk penelitian experiment. Kata Kunci: luka kaki diabetes, manajemen luka kaki, pengkajian luka kaki, penanganan luka kaki


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