scholarly journals PENAMBAHAN CHITOSAN DAN PLASTICIZERGLYCERIN DALAM PEMBUATAN BIOPLASTIK BERBAHAN DASAR EKSTRAK PROTEIN AMPAS TAHU

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rindri Ruri Suryani ◽  
Abdul Hakim ◽  
Yusrianti Yusrianti ◽  
Shinfi Wazna Auvaria ◽  
Ika Mustika
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Japan Industrial Standard

Plastik sintetis merupakan plastik yang biasanya berbasis konvensional. Sumber bahan baku plastik sintetis merupakan energi yang tidak dapat diperbarui yaitu minyak bumi. Plastik sintetis memiliki sifat fisik yang fleksibel, ringan, kuat dan ekonomis. Plastik sintetis dapat menyebabkan permasalahan lingkungan yaitu sulitnya plastik sintetis yang terdegradasi oleh tanah. Sehingga dapat menurunkan kualitas tanah dan mikriorganisme. Upaya pencegahan permasalahan sampah plastik dapat dilakukan dengan pengembangan pembuatan plastik dari bahan polimer alami yang disebut bioplastik.  Plastik biodegradableumumnya terbuat dari bahan polisakarida dan dapat terbuat dari sumber protein, salah satunya limbah tahu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah tahu yang diekstrak untuk diambil proteinnyasebagai bahan dasar pembuatan plastik biodegradable, serta untuk mengetahui sifat mekanik dan lama bioplastik protein ampas tahu terdegradasi oleh tanah. Pembuatan bioplastik membutuhakan bahan pemlastis dan bahan aditif untuk menghasilkan plastik yang fleksibel. Penelitian  ini menggunakan penambahan plasticizerglycerin dengan variasi 30%,40%,50% dan bahan pengisi 20%. Penambahan chitosan sebanyak 5 ml. Hasil penelitian pembuatan protein ampas tahu menunjukkan bahwa kadar protein ampas tahu yang dihasilkan dari tahap diekstraksi sebesar 29.72%. Hasil pengujian kuat tarik bioplasik dari protein ampa tahu menggunakan alat UTM (Universal Testing Machine) yangberkisar antara 1.04-2.12 Mpa yang telah memenuhi standar bioplastik menurut Japan Industrial Standard (JIS). Sedangkan hasil pengujian daya serap air menggunakan metode swelling memiliki nilai tertinggi pada glycerin 50% sebesar 196% dalam kurun waktu 30 menit. Sedangkan daya serap paling baik terdapat pada variasi glycerin 30% sebesar 49.7%. Bioplastik berbahan dasar protein ampas tahu dapat terdegrdasi dengan sempurna dalam kisaran waktu 7-14 hari.  Kata kunci: biodegradable plastik, biodegradasi, chitosan, glycerin, sifat mekanik.  Synthetic plastics are plastics that are usually conventional based. The source of synthetic plastic raw material is non-renewable energy, namely petroleum. Synthetic plastics have physical properties that are flexible, lightweight, strong and economical. Synthetic plastics can cause environmental problems, namely the difficulty of synthetic plastics which are degraded by soil. So that it can reduce soil quality and microorganisms. Efforts to prevent the problem of plastic waste can be done by developing the manufacture of plastics from natural polymer materials called bioplastics. Biodegradable plastics are generally made of polysaccharides and can be made from protein sources, one of which is tofu waste. This study aims to utilize the extracted tofu waste for protein as a basic material for making biodegradable plastics, as well as to determine the mechanical properties and length of time for the tofu pulp protein to be degraded by the soil. The manufacture of bioplastics requires plasticizers and additives to produce flexible plastics. This study used the addition of glycerol plasticizer with a variation of 30%, 40%, 50% and 20% filler. The addition of 5 ml of chitosan. The results of the research on making tofu pulp protein showed that the protein content of tofu pulp from the extraction process was 29.72%. Bioplastic tensile strength value from tofu pulp ranges from 1.04-2.12 MPa which has met the bioplastic standards according to the Japan Industrial Standard (JIS). The highest water absorption capacity of bioplastics from tofu pulp protein was found in the glycerol 50% variation of 196% within 30 minutes. Meanwhile, the lowest absorption rate was found in the 30% glycerol variation of 49.7%. Bioplastics from tofu pulp protein can completely decompose in 7-14 days. Keywords: chitosan, degradation, glycerol, mechanical properties, plastic biodegradable.

scholarly journals Comparison of different microstructure scaffolds for tissue regeneration

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andžela Šešok ◽  
Deividas Mizeras ◽  
Algirdas Vaclovas Valiulis ◽  
Julius Griškevičius ◽  
Mangirdas Malinauskas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
3D Printed

In this work we aim to determine the mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA objects having various orientation woodpile microarchitectures. In this work we chose three different 3D microarchitectures: woodpile BCC (each layer consists of parallel logs which are rotated 90 deg every next layer), woodpile FCC (every layer is additionally shifted half of the period in respect to the previous parallel log layer) and a rotating woodpile 60 deg (each layer is rotated 60 deg in respect to the previous one). Compressive and bending tests were carried out TIRAtest2300 universal testing machine. We found that 60 deg rotating woodpile geometry had the highest values which was approximately 3 times than the BCC or FCC log arrangements. Thus we prove that employing low-cost equipment and applying the same raw material one can create objects of desired rigidity.

Producing Paper Using Pineapple Leaf Fiber

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 3382-3386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusri Yusof ◽  
Mohd Rizal Ahmad ◽  
Wahab Saidin ◽  
Mohammad Sukri Mustapa ◽  
Mohd Salleh Tahar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Leaf Fiber

Experiments using pineapple leaf fiber as raw material in paper production have been conducted to assess the advantages in terms of mechanical properties, especially tensile strength, tearing strength and thickness of the paper. In this paper, samples of pineapple leaf fiber is mixed with a recycle newspapers in different composition of which is, 25%, 35%, 45%, 55%, 65% and 75% pineapple leaf fibers mixed with 75%, 65%, 55% , 45%, 35% and 25% of the recycle newspapers. The mixtures have been tested for mechanical properties and thickness by using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and micrometers. The results from tensile and tearing tests were then compared with data obtained from previous experiments. Through the observation of the experiment, it was found that the data obtained with similar experiments conducted previously. The results have been proved in tears testing and stress testing. Tearing test data shows that the longer the beating time imposed on the mixture, the lower the tearing force required to tear the paper samples. On the other hand, the tensile test results shows, the longer time beating the bear on the mix, the higher the tensile force should be imposed on the sample. The experimental results can help in the formulation of the pineapple leaf fiber-based paper production in accordance to the usage.

Effect of Sonofication of Carbon Black and 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) on the Properties of Rubber-Carbon Black Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
E. Budianto ◽  
M. Anggaravidya ◽  
Sudirman ◽  
C. Liza ◽  
B. Soegijono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to improve the mechanical properties of natural rubber so it can be used as raw material for industrial component, it is required to add filler and coupling agent to the natural rubber. In previous study, carbon black obtained from sonofication process for 3 and 5 hours was added (filled) to improve thermal and mechanical properties of rubber-carbon black, where the improvement was influenced by the period of sonofication of carbon black, which subsequently added to the rubber-carbon black composite.In this study, various rubber-carbon composites have been synthesized using thin pale crepe (TPC) natural rubber as matrix, strengthened by carbon black N 660, sonoficated N 660, and addition of 2 phr of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) to each composite. The obtained rubber-carbon black composite was characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Universal Testing Machine was used to characterize its mechanical properties.Bound rubber value and mechanical properties of rubber-carbon black composite improved as a result of the addition of carbon black obtained from sonofication and APTS. However, contrast result was observed when sonoficated carbon black and APTS were added simultaneously.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of the Composite Material consisting of β-TCP and Alginate-Di-Aldehyde-Gelatin Hydrogel and Its Degradation Behavior

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Michael Seidenstuecker ◽  
Thomas Schmeichel ◽  
Lucas Ritschl ◽  
Johannes Vinke ◽  
Pia Schilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Flow Chamber ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Gelatin Hydrogel ◽  
Universal Testing

This work aimed to determine the influence of two hydrogels (alginate, alginate-di-aldehyde (ADA)/gelatin) on the mechanical strength of microporous ceramics, which have been loaded with these hydrogels. For this purpose, the compressive strength was determined using a Zwick Z005 universal testing machine. In addition, the degradation behavior according to ISO EN 10993-14 in TRIS buffer pH 5.0 and pH 7.4 over 60 days was determined, and its effects on the compressive strength were investigated. The loading was carried out by means of a flow-chamber. The weight of the samples (manufacturer: Robert Mathys Foundation (RMS) and Curasan) in TRIS solutions pH 5 and pH 7 increased within 4 h (mean 48 ± 32 mg) and then remained constant over the experimental period of 60 days. The determination surface roughness showed a decrease in the value for the ceramics incubated in TRIS compared to the untreated ceramics. In addition, an increase in protein concentration in solution was determined for ADA gelatin-loaded ceramics. The macroporous Curasan ceramic exhibited a maximum failure load of 29 ± 9.0 N, whereas the value for the microporous RMS ceramic was 931 ± 223 N. Filling the RMS ceramic with ADA gelatin increased the maximum failure load to 1114 ± 300 N. The Curasan ceramics were too fragile for loading. The maximum failure load decreased for the RMS ceramics to 686.55 ± 170 N by incubation in TRIS pH 7.4 and 651 ± 287 N at pH 5.0.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of Gelatin –Hydroxyapatite composite for bone tissue engineering

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Hossan ◽  
MA Gafur ◽  
MM Karim ◽  
AA Rana
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Composite ◽  
Properties Of Composites

In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) and gelatin (GEL) scaffolds were prepared to mimic the mineral and organic component of natural bone. The raw material was first compounded and resulting composite were molded into the petridishes. Using Solvent casting process, it is possible to produce scaffolds with mechanical and structural properties close to natural trabecular bone.The mechanical properties of composites were investigated by Thermo-mechanical analyzer (TMA), Vickers microhardness tester, Universal testing machine. It was observed that the composite has maximum tensile strength of 37.13MPa ( oven drying) and % elongation of 7.68 (Oven drying) and 2.04 (Natural drying) at 15% of Hap respectively. These results demonstrate that the prepared composite scaffold is a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(1), 15-20, 2015

scholarly journals EFFECT OF STORAGE DURATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BELLO EGGPLANT FRUIT UNDER QUASI COMPRESSION LOADING

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-320
Author(s):  
Umurhurhu Benjamin ◽  
Uguru Hilary
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Compression Loading ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Rupture Energy

The mechanical properties of eggplant fruit (cv. Bello) harvested at physiological maturity stage were evaluated in three storage periods (3d, 6d and 9d). These mechanical parameters (rupture force, rupture energy and deformation at rupture point) were measured under quasi compression loading, using the Universal Testing Machine (Testometric model). The fruit’s toughness and rupture power were calculated from the data obtained from the rupture energy and deformation at rupture point. Results obtained showed that mechanical properties of the Bello eggplant fruit exhibited strong dependence on the storage period. The results showed that as the Bello fruit stored longer, its rupture force and rupture energy decreased from 812 N to 411 N, and 5.58 Nm to 3.11 Nm respectively. While the rupture power decreased from 1.095 W to 0.353 W. On the contrary, the toughness and deformation at rupture increased from 0.270 mJ/mm3 to 0.403 mJ/mm3, and 16.99 mm to 25.22mm respectively during the 9 days storage period. The knowledge of the mechanical properties of fruits is important for their harvest and post-harvest operations, therefore, information obtained from this study will be useful in the design and development of machines for the mechanization of eggplant production.

Test of Physical Mechanical Properties of Gingko，Hickory Nut and their Stalks

2012 ◽  
Vol 479-481 ◽  
pp. 1145-1150
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Xu ◽  
Wen Bin Yao ◽  
Jiu Hua Xu ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Cutting Resistance ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physical Mechanics

In order to get the physical mechanics of gingko，hickory nut and their stalks, microprocessor controlled electronic universal testing machine (WDW-5E) was used to study the basic physical characteristics，pulling resistance and cutting resistance of their stalk in different harvest time and moisture contents. The impact of physical mechanics of cones and stalks on the picking process were analyzed and some concrete suggestions were put forward in the paper. This experimental study provides an important theory basis on designing and manufacturing different cones picking machine.

Studies on Friction and Mechanical Properties of High Density Polypropylene (HDPP) Filled with Modified Talc

2012 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
Feng Zhan ◽  
Nan Chun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lamellar Structure ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
High Density ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Frictional Surface ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Scanning Electron

Talc was modified by aluminate coupling agent (ACA) before filling it into high density polypropylene (HDPP) to prepare talc/HDPP composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wear testing machine, electronic universal testing machine, and impact testing machine were used to analyze the surface modification and the effects of modified talc on friction and mechanical properties of modified talc/HDPP composites. The results indicate that after modified the lamellar structure of talc particles are open and the dispersion of particles are improved, and the edges and corners of surface become softer. Friction properties indicate that when the talc content is 8 wt%, both µ and K are at a lower value, which show that have better wear resistance. The frictional surface is relatively smooth and no furrow trace has found. Mechanical properties show that with talc content increasing, tensile strength and flexural strength of composites increase.

Effect of Sc on As-Cast Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ti Alloys

2017 ◽  
Vol 732 ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming He Wang ◽  
Xiao Dong Du ◽  
Yu Kun Li ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Hai Lin Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Eutectic Si ◽  
Microstructures And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Equiaxed Grain

The as-cast microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Ti alloys with and without Sc were investigated by metallographic microscope, field emission scanning electron microscope, energy spectrum analysis, transmission electron microscope and universal testing machine. The result shows that adding 0.20wt.% Sc into the casting alloy can refine the grain, change the growth morphology from dendrite to fine equiaxed grain, and the morphology of eutectic Si by rough laminar structure into fine fibrous. The tensile strength of alloy with 0.20wt.% Sc is up to 304.4 MPa after T6 heat treated, which is close to that of 6061 forging aluminum alloy.

Analysis on the Reasons of 500kV High-Voltage Disconnectors Hoop Fracture

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 992-995
Author(s):  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Wei Tan Cui ◽  
Hong Wu Zhang ◽  
Yong Quan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tightening Force ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Fracture Appearance

The fracture reasons of 500kV high-voltage disconnectors hoops were analyzed. The fracture appearance, composition of chemical elements, metallographic, mechanical properties of the fractured hoops were investigated by ICP-AES, SEM, optical microscope, brinell hardness tester, universal testing machine. The test results that one reason is substandard products of this batch hoop. The composition of chemical elements and mechanical properties is fails to comply with applicable standards prescribed and the casting defects are found. Another reason is that the large pre-tightening force and tightens reverse order.

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