scholarly journals QUALITY TEST AND PLANNING OF SLUDGE TREATMENT INSTALLATION OF WATER TREATMENT PDAM

Konversi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indah Listiowati ◽  
Abdul Hakim ◽  
Shinfi Wazna Auvaria
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Quality Test ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Gravity Thickening ◽  
Belt Filter Press

Tujuan pada penilitian ini, untuk mengetahui kualitas dan perencanaan pengolahan lumpur instalasi pengolahan air PDAM. Metode yang digunakan mengenai tahapan pengampilan sampel yaitu dengan grab sampling, dan pengambilan dilakukan selama 8 hari. Pengambilan sampel lumpur dilkakukan pada pipa yang didiamkan mengalir selama 30 detik agar didapatkan debit konstan. Analisa untuk uji kualitas lumpur IPA PDAM dilakukan di laboratorium. Hasil dari penelitian mengenai uji kualitas  pada pipa pembuangan lumpur pada unit sedimentasi. Data yang dibutuhkan meliputi data primer, dan sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengenai uji kualitas lumpur dari instalasi pengolahan air PDAM, memiliki nilai rata-rata pH 7,7, suhu 27°C, kekeruhan >1000 NTU hal ini dikarenakan kualitas air baku yang memiliki kandungana koloid tinggi. Total solid memiliki nilai rata-rata 281.772 mg/L, total suspended solid dengan nilai rata-rata 52.134 mg/L, COD memiliki nilai rata-rata 3.100 mg/L, dan BOD 3,96 mg/L dengan nilai ratarata . Debit rata-rata harian lumpur yang dihasilkan dari instalasi pengolahan air sebesar 145,773 m3/hari. Unit yang direncanakan sesuai dengan kualitas, dan volume yang diketahui maka direncanakan unit pengolahan lumpur meliputi bak pengumpul, gravity thickening, belt filter press, dan bak pengumpul dry cake. Anggaran biaya yang direncanakan untuk perencanaan pengolahan lumpur instalasi pengolahan air sesuai dengan unit yang diperlukan membutuhkan anggaran dana sebesar Rp. 1.037.900.00,00.

scholarly journals An Overview of River Side Pollutants and their Effects on Physico-Chemical Changes in Water Quality of River Halda, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-834
Author(s):  
Muhammad Towhid Moula ◽  
Ranjit K. Nath ◽  
Mh. Mosfeka Chowdhury ◽  
Md. Abu Bakar Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Physico Chemical

Halda is an important river of Bangladesh, is now polluted in different ways through industrial, agricultural, domestic and sewage disposal. Increased anthropogenic activities have increased the potential pollution of the river and excessive pollutants may be toxic to humans and aquatic fauna. Presence of heavy metals in the river water causes perilous impact on the aquatic organisms. Hence, regular monitoring of pollution levels in the river is indispensable. In this study, we discuss about physico-chemical assessments of water quality parameters viz. pH, dissolve oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solid (TS), total suspended solid (TSS), total dissolved substance (TDS), total alkalinity, turbidity, salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), hardness, chloride and heavy metals in the water of Halda river during rainy and winter seasons, at different points; sources of pollutants in water and their effects given starting from the early research until the current research.

Monitoring and modelling mining impacts on water quality in Chindwin River Basin, Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanapon Piman ◽  
Chayanis Krittasudthacheew ◽  
Shakthi K. Gunawardanaa ◽  
Sangam Shresthaa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Mining Activities

<p>The Chindwin River, a major tributary of the Ayeyarwady River in Myanmar, is approximately 850 km long with a watershed area of 115,300 km<sup>2</sup>. The Chindwin River is essential for local livelihoods, drinking water, ecosystems, navigation, agriculture, and industries such as logging and mining. Over the past two decades, Myanmar’s rapid economic development has resulted in drastic changes to socio-economic and ecological conditions in the basin. Water users in the basin reported that there is a rapid extension of gold and jade mining and they observed a noticeable decline in water quality along with increased sedimentation and turbidity. So far, however, Myanmar has not undertaken a comprehensive scientific study in the Chindwin River Basin to assess water quality and sources of water pollution and to effectively address issues of river basin degradation and concerns for public health and safety. This study aims to assess the status of water quality in the Chindwin River and the potential impact of mining activities on the water quality and loading through monitoring program and modeling approach. 17 locations in the upper, middle and lower parts of the Chindwin River Basin were selected for water quality monitoring. These sites are located near Homalin, Kalewa, Kani and Monywa townships where human activities and interventions could affect water quality. Water quality sampling and testing in the Chindwin River was conducted two times per year: in the dry season (May-June) and in the wet season (September-October) during 2015-2017. We monitored 21 parameters including heavy metals such as Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Copper (Cu) and Iron (Fe). The observed values of Mercury in Uru River in the upper Chindwin River Basin which located nearby gold mining sites shown higher than the WHO drinking standard. This area also has high values of turbidity and Total Suspended Solid. The SHETRAN hydrological model, PHREEQC geochemical model and LOADEST model were used to quantify the heavy metal loads in the Uru River. Results from scenario analysis indicate an increase in Arsenic and Mercury load under increment of concentration due to expansions in mining areas. In both baseline and future climate conditions, the Uru downstream area shows the highest load effluent in both Arsenic and Mercury. These heavy metal loads will intensify the declining water quality condition in Chindwin River and can impact negatively on human health who use water for drinking. Therefore, we recommend that water quality monitoring should continue to provide scientific-evidence for decision-makers to manage water quality and mining activities properly.  Water treatment systems for drinking water are required to remove turbidity, Total Suspended Solid, and Mercury from raw water sources. Raising awareness of relevant stakeholders (local people, farmers, private sectors, etc.) is necessary as many people living in the Chindwin River Basin are using water directly from the river and other waterways without proper water treatment.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kualitas Air Situ Parigi, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Provinsi Banten

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Zharifa ◽  
M F Fachrul ◽  
D I Hendrawan
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
E Coli

<p>Situ Parigi adalah salah satu situ di Kota Tangerang Selatan yang berada di Kelurahan Parigi Lama, Kecamatan Pondok Aren dengan luas sebesar 4 hektar. Situ Parigi memiliki fungsi sebagai reservoir, pengendali banjir dan irigasi. Kondisi Situ Parigi saat ini belum mendapat perhatian dan dirawat dengan baik. Hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya sampah di saluran inlet dan di bagian tepinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas air dan status mutu Situ Parigi. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali pada Bulan Mei, Juni dan Juli 2018 dengan metode grab sampling. Hasil analisis kualitas air dibandingkan dengan baku-mutu pada PP No. 82 Tahun 2001 untuk kelas 2. Menentukan status mutu air dengan menggunakan metodeIKA-NSF. Parameter yang diukur ada 9 (sembilan) yaitu suhu, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), kekeruhan, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrat, fosfat dan E. coli. Hasil analisis kualitas air menunjukkan parameter fosfat, BODdan E. coli melebihi baku-mutu, sedangkan parameter DO di bawah baku-mutu. Konsentrasi fosfat berkisar 0,04-0,46 mg/l sedangkan baku mutu bernilai 0,2 mg/l. Konsentrasi BOD berkisar 3,08-51,08 mg/l sedangkan baku mutu bernilai 3 mg/l. NilaiE. coli berkisar 0-4.000 CFU/100 ml sedangkan baku mutu bernilai 1.000 CFU/100 ml. Konsentrasi DO berkisar 1,1-4,7 mg/l sedangkan baku mutu bernilai ≥4 mg/l. Status mutu air Situ Parigi bernilai 60,9 yang menunjukkan bahwa Situ Parigi tercemar sedang.<br />Kata kunci: Situ, Parameter, Kualitas Air, Status Mutu Air, IKA-NSF</p>

scholarly journals Filtrasi Ampas Jahe Menggunakan Filter Press

METANA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Ade Lina Yulifianti ◽  
Bella Eristi ◽  
Mawar Puspita ◽  
Dwi Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
It Use ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Variable Concentration

Ampas jahe hasil buangan proses industri jamu masih mengandung sari jahe. Pengolahan ulang dengan pelarutan dan penyaringan dengan plate and frame filter press dapat dilakukan untuk mengisolasinya. Penggunaan variabel konsentrasi umpan 0,2 kg/liter, 0,4 kg/liter, dan 0,6 kg/liter.  Menggunakan  tekanan tetap 2 kg/cm2 dan laju alir 5,66x10-11 m/s2, dihitung nilai tahanan spesifik ampas (α), tahanan ampas (Rc), tahanan medium filter (Rm) untuk mengetahui efesiensi kinerja alat filter press. Proses filtrasi dilakukan secara batch. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan  nilai α, Rc, dan Rm tertinggi pada konsentrasi 0,6 kg/L yaitu α (4,98x106 m/kg), Rc (1,35x108 m-1), Rm (3,79x1011 m-1). Efektivitas produk yang dihasilkan diketahui melalui pengukuran konsentrasi sari jahe pada hasil filtrat. Pengujian konsentrasi menggunakan centrifuge dan analisa Total Suspended Solid (TSS). Hasil analisa centrifuge menyatakan bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi umpan, maka semakin besar pula konsentrasi produk. Konsentrasi sari jahe tertinggi yang didapat 6,67%, terdapat pada variable konsentrasi umpan 0,6 kg/liter. Begitu pula dengan uji TSS, konsentrasi umpan 0,6 kg/liter menghasilkan TSS terbesar yaitu 277 mg/l. Ginger pulp from the process of industrial herbs still contain ginger juice. Reprocessing ginger pulp with dissolving and filtering with plate and frame filter press can done to isolate it. Use feed variable concentration 0.2 kg/liter, 0.4 kg/liter, and 0.6 kg/liter.  Fixed pressure used is 2 kg/cm2 and flow rate use 5.66x10-11 m/s2, will calculated the specific prisoner value of the pulp (α), Prisoner of Pulp (Rc), Prisoner of medium filter (Rm) to know the efficiency of the performance of filter press. Filtration process is done in batches. The results of the calculation show the highest value of α, Rc, and Rm at concentrations 0.6 kg/liter are α (4.98x106 m/kg), Rc (1.35x108 M-1), Rm (3.79x1011 M-1). Effectiveness of the resulting products is known through measurements of ginger juice concentrations in filtrate results. Concentration testing using centrifuge and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) analysis. Result of centrifuge analysis states that the greater  concentration of feed, that the greater the concentration of product. The highest concentrations of ginger juice gained 6.67%, there is a variable concentration feed 0.6 kg/liter. Similarly, the test of TSS, the concentration feed 0.6 kg/liter resulted in the largest TSS 277 mg/l. 

Influence of water treatment residuals on dewaterability of wastewater biosolids

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Taylor ◽  
Herschel A. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Water Treatment Residuals ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Processing Equipment ◽  
Polymer Addition ◽  
Hydrous Oxides ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Belt Filter Press

Co-dewatering of water treatment residuals (WTR) and wastewater biosolids can potentially benefit municipalities by reducing processing equipment and costs. This study investigated dewaterability (using capillary suction time, CST) of combined alum residuals (Al-WTR) and anaerobically digested biosolids at various blending ratios (BR), defined as the mass ratio of WTR to biosolids on a dry solids basis. Without polymer addition, the CST was 160 s for a BR of 0.75 compared with 355 s for the biosolids alone. The optimum polymer dose (OPD), defined as the polymer dose yielding CST of 20 s, was reduced from 20.6 g kg−1 dry solids for the biosolids alone to 16.3 and 12.6 g kg−1 when BR was 0.75 and 1.5, respectively. Precipitated Al hydrous oxides in the WTR likely caused flocculation of the biosolids particles through heterocoagulation or charge neutralization. The solids contents of the blended materials and biosolids at their respective OPDs were not statistically different (α = 0.05) following dewatering by a belt-filter press. We conclude addition of Al-WTR improved biosolids dewaterability and reduced polymer dosage. In practice, the extent of these benefits may be limited by the quantity of WTR produced relative to the amount of wastewater solids generated by a municipality.

scholarly journals STUDI PENGOLAHAN LUMPUR INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM TAMAN KOTA - JAKARTA BARAT

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Dedi Alfa Julian ◽  
Muhammad Lindu ◽  
Winarni .
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Belt Filter Press

<p>Instalasi pengolahan air minum (IPA) Taman Kota, Jakarta Barat, memiliki kapasitas disain 200 liter/detik, dan air baku berasal dari Cengkareng Drain dan terdapat unit prasedimentasi sebelum air baku masuk ke IPA. Digunakan IPA konvensional yang dilengkapi dengan unit bio filter untuk mengabsorbsi zat organik di air baku. Lumpur berasal dari unit sedimentasi yang dibuang secara rutin setiap 10 menit dengan volume lumpur rerata 144,93 m3/hari dan pada kondisi maksimum 628,30 m3/hari, unit biofilter yang dibuang secara berkala saat dilakukan pengurasan bak yaitu 150,10 m3/hari, serta unit saringan pasir cepat yang membuang air bekas backwash filter secara berkala dan dalam waktu yang singkat sebesar 468,86 m3/hari. Mempertimbangkan perbedaan karakteristik lumpur yang dihasilkan, direncanakan 2 unit tanki penampung (ekualisasi) terpisah yaitu tanki pertama menerima lumpur sedimentasi serta tanki kedua menerima lumpur pengurasan bio filter dan air bekas backwash filter. Memperhatikan luas lahan yang tersedia, maka lumpur sedimentasi yang terkumpul di tanki penampung dipompa menuju ke unit thickener dan selanjutnya ke unit dewatering mekanik. Studi perbandingan dilakukan terhadap 3 opsi peralatan dewatering mekanik dengan mempertimbangkan volume lumpur yang dapat direduksi, biaya investasi, serta biaya operasional dan energi.   Peralatan dewatering mekanik terpilih adalah belt filter press yang mereduksi lumpur sedimentasi menjadi 4,20 m3/hari, dan pada kondisi maksimum menjadi 18,20 m3/hari. </p><p>Keywords: water treatment plant, sludges, backwashed water, dewatering</p>

scholarly journals Characteristics of Effluent from Formic Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Pulping of Kenaf Stem

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Jane Adamma Chukwudebelu ◽  
Jonah Agunwamba
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

The pulp and paper industry is considered as one of the major potential sources of pollution in the environment and a consumer of wood. Environmental effects have been attributed to chemicals introduced during the manufacturing process. This paper investigated the influence of cooking chemicals, concentration and time on the properties of effluent generated during pulping of agricultural residue. A stem of kenaf which is an agricultural residue was pulped with 20%, 60% and 90% concentrations of formic acid and sodium hydroxide at 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours intervals to determine the characteristics of their effluents. The lowest Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) obtained from formic acid effluent for the 3 hours cooking at 20%, 60% and 90% concentrations was 324mg/l at 60% concentration after cooking for 2 hours while sodium hydroxide effluent has 3050mg/l at 20% concentration after 1hour cooking as its lowest. Formic acid effluent showed lowest Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of 10.63mg/l at 60% concentration after cooking for 2 hours while sodium hydroxide has 13.75mg/l at 90% after 1 hour cooking. The value of Total Solid (TS) from formic acid effluent was lowest (16890mg/l) at 60% concentration after cooking for 2 hours while sodium hydroxide lowest value (15524mg/l) was recorded at 20% after 3 hours cooking. Sodium hydroxide effluent has lowest Total Suspended Solid (TSS) of 3165mg/l while formic acid has 2245mg/l both at 90% concentrations after 2 and 3 hours cooking.

scholarly journals KAJIAN AWAL PEMBUATAN PUPUK CAIR ORGANIK DARI EFFLUENT PENGOLAHAN LANJUT LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT (LCPKS) SKALA PILOT

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Fristyana Sosanty Lubis, Irvan ◽  
Dedy Anwar ◽  
Basril Amirza Harahap ◽  
Bambang Trisakti
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Effective Microorganism

The objective of this study is to design an organic liquid fertilizer manufacturing process from palm oil mill effluent (POME) at pilot scale. Materials used were effluent from further processing of biogas fermentation from POME and starter (mixture of molasses, yeast and effective microorganism). Variables measured were total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), total suspended solid (TSS), volatile suspended solid (VSS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), in addition, analysis content of liquid fertilizers was performed. The research consisted of production of starters and fermentation process. Loading rate was started from hydraulic retention time (HRT) 2,500 days and bioreactor performance was observed at HRT 100, 90 and 80 days. The results showed that COD concentration of bioreactor effluent decreased from 8,600 to 1,580 mg/l and from analysis content, liquid fertilizers are composed of nitrogen 0.14%, P2O5 0.05%, K2O 0.07%, MgO 0.01%, CaO 0.001mg/l, C-Organic 0,12%, and C/N Ratio 0.86.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment of Nwangele river in Imo State, Nigeria

1970 ◽  
pp. 01-05 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anudike Joseph ◽  
Duru Majesty ◽  
Uhegbu Friday
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Imo State

Water quality assessment of Nwangele river was undertaken using standard methods. Water samples were drawn from upstream, midstream and downstream of the river and assessed for quality. Results obtained for physicochemical characteristics showed pH (4.83±.0.01-5.00±0.31), total solid (200.00±2.40-613.19±1.10 mg/L), and total suspended solid (49.98±0.11-399.04±2.09 mg/L). Heavy metals found in the river water were iron (0.132±0.01- 0.144±0.02 mg/L), zinc (0.034±0.02- 0.044±0.02 mg/L), mercury (0.004±0.001- 0.011±0.00 mg/L), lead (0.008±0.00- 0.016±0.00 mg/L) and cadmium (0.03±0.01- 0.011±0.00 mg/L). Microbiological studies on the river revealed the presence of Klebsieilla sp., Vibro sp., Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., Escherichia sp., Staphylococcus sp., Shigella sp., Bacillus sp., Serratia sp., Citrobacter sp., and Enterobacter sp as bacterial isolates with high total heterotrophic bacteria count (THBC), total coliform count (TCC), Salmonella-shigella count (SSC), and total viable count (TVC). Nwangele River water is acidic, with high total suspended solid, phosphate and microbial loads. It is therefore advisable to purify water from the river before consumption. This study has assessed the water quality of Nwangele river in Imo State, Nigeria

scholarly journals Performance of Water Treatment Techniques on Cocopeat Media Filled Grow Bed Aquaponics System

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 02001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Johari Kamauddin ◽  
Nur Syahmi Izzati Ali Ottoman ◽  
Muhammad Haafiz Abu Bakar ◽  
Anwar Johari ◽  
Mimi Haryani Hassim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Mechanical Filter

Aquaponics system is an innovative idea which combined both aquaculture and hydroponics systems. In this study performance of four different types of water treatment technique was investigated in cocopeat media filled grow bed aquaponics system. The techniques that had been investigated were mechanical filter, biological filter, combination of both mechanical and biological filters and grow media (cocopeat) itself as filtration media. The effectiveness these techniques were assessed through (i) water quality and nutrients level of circulated water and (ii) growth rates of plant (Gynura procumbens) and Red Nile Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) The (i) water quality (pH, temperature, total suspended solid and dissolved oxygen) (ii) nutrient level (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate) and (iii) grow rates of plant and fish were weekly measured for this study. The results revealed that cocopeat media filled grow bed only was insufficient to act as water treatment unit in the aquaponics system studied. The aquaponics system required at least a biological or mechanical filter to produce acceptable yields of fish and plant. For the long term, the combination of axial flow and biofilter with superlative ratio was suggested in order to produce the best performance of parameters studied. This integrated technique was able to maintain the water quality within the tolerance limit of fish besides supplying enough amount nutrients (especially nitrate) for the plant growth and easier maintenance work in terms of cleaning and disposal of sludge.

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