Public Finance and Business in Russia: in Search of Balance

2014 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
E. Gontmakher
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
The State ◽  
Domestic Labor ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Access To Higher Education

Public finance and entrepreneurship are interlinked by numerous ties. Primarily, these are the tax system and social insurance payments. The principles of respective governmental expenditures should be installed in the framework of the conciliation between the state, business and the employee. The analysis shows that in today's Russia, the balance between the interests of the state (implemented, among other mechanisms, through the budgetary system) and the business has not been found yet. There is a clear dominance of the executive branch of authority over the legislative branch. This leads to the adoption of insufficiently neat decisions that have highly negatively impact on the entrepreneurship. The problem has fully been manifested, in particular, by the latest reform of the pension system, as well by the continuing efforts of both companies and individuals to evade from the taxation. No less important is the interaction between the state and business in improving the quality of human capital and, first of all, of the high education and vocational training for the domestic labor market. Until now the situation here is quite unsatisfactory. The problems start from the level of school education, the quality of which does not meet the modern requirements. Easy access to higher education in our country is largely nullified by its low quality. This creates a critical shortage of qualified specialists at the domestic labor market. An important manifestation of continuing inefficiency of the Russian state can be seen in the sphere of drafting of strategic documents on the development of the national economy and social sphere in the medium term. The situation is further exacerbated due to the deceleration of economic growth and the inability of the state to maintain habitual social standards for all groups of population. Under the current conditions it is likely that Russian business will face additional burden of taxes and social insurance contributions.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF PENSION SYSTEM REFORMS ON PUBLIC FINANCE EXPENDITURES IN POLAND

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Anna Owczarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
The Social

The social security system in each country, if it exists, plays a crucial role in supporting citizens and specific expenditures of the public finance system. Its importance in public spending depends on many factors; in particular, on its source and on its form of financing benefits or pensions. The social security system in Poland is composed of a social insurance and welfare system, a health insurance system, unemployment and family benefits, from which are enumerated an old-age pension, invalidity pension, sickness and maternity insurance, insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases, and health insurance. The Polish social security system often changes due to implementation of improvements or limits on public spending. The most famous reform took place in 1999 and introduced the largest number of changes in the sphere of pension security. Because the scale of public funds that are passed on to the social security system is very large, pension reforms should are crucial for improving the state of public finances. The aim of the paper is to present changes that took place in the Polish pension system between 1999 and 2017 and how those changes influenced the amount of public expenditures. The study reviews the research hypothesis: frequent changes in the pension system have a negative impact on the state of Polish public finance. The study covers the years 1999-2017, as well as the previous four years before the implementation of the pension reform. Basic research materials used to conduct the research analysis were reports on implementation of the state budget, data prepared by the Social Insurance Institution and the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund as well as statistical data obtained from the Central Statistical Office.

scholarly journals System emerytalny i jego zmiany w Polsce w kontekście deficytu budżetowego oraz długu publicznego w latach 1999–2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
Jolanta Ciak ◽  
Bożena Kołosowska
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Pension System ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Future

Since January 1999 a new pension system based on the reformed Social InsuranceInstitution (ZUS) and open pension funds (OFE) has been in force. The reformsdid not concern all the insured in ZUS uniformly, due to its scope and costs. The aim of the article is to present the changes in the Polish national pension systemand their influence on the public finance including the state budget. The influenceis considerable due to the long-lasting imbalance in the state budget and theaccumulating public debt. The authors discern that the changes suggested by thegovernment can be assessed as the choice between being responsible for presentand being responsible for the future. Thus the effects of the current changesin the pension system are moved to the future generations and the sources of theirfinancing, whether they are in the form of higher taxes, smaller public expenditureor higher public debt, will depend on the future economic policy includingthe financial policy.

scholarly journals Measures to reduce unemployment

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-478
Author(s):  
T. I. Ovchinnikova ◽  
G. N. Strukov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The State ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Infrastructure Development

The article considers socio-economic measures of reduction of unemployment. In today's economic conditions, the authors highlight the state of the labour market, characterized the level of market infrastructure development, deformity in workers ' income, level of qualification of university graduates, presence of "shadow" sector of labor market ; and also movement in the labour market: natural movement, change of pension system, high level of hidden unemployment, low wages, decline of production, migration processes. The structure of the employed by age groups is considered, the indicators characterizing both the state and the movement in the labor market are studied, the decrease in the number of workers associated with natural processes is shown (decrease of fertility and increase of the level of Population mortality). The example of one of the districts of Voronezh investigated Model determining the degree of economic efficiency of the population potential; MThe dress includes calculation of Pokazatelejpotenciala labour resources of youth unemployment indicators. It is proposed to include Further formation of the labour market and reduction of unemployment rate the following mechanisms: offshoring, increase of work experience, account of migration of population, control of outflowWorkers, released from different branches of the national economy, raising the level of skills of youth, which for the first time enters the labour force, increasing the feminization of the working population (women with young children), Employment of persons unemployed in the economy, control over labour bodies and other methods of attracting temporarily unemployed population. It is proposed to expand the capacity of the labour and employment bodies not only to assess the prospects of inclusion of their work, but also to work on identifying and registering hidden Bezraboticyipo stimulating measures to reduce unemployment.

The Quality of Graduates’ Preparation of the Personnel Management Department of the State University of Management and Their Post-Graduate Work Career

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
В. Бакиева ◽  
V. Bakieva ◽  
Д. Полуляхова ◽  
D. Polulyahova ◽  
А. Лобачева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Personnel Management ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
The State ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
State University ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Answering Questions

The article analyzes results of the study "Quality of graduates’ preparation of the Personnel Management Department and their postgraduate work career", aimed at assessing the effectiveness of employing specialists' the State University of Management, organized with the involvement of graduates of this department. In order to gather information as a basis for the study, authors compiled a questionnaire containing 30 questions, respondents had to assess the quality of their professional training, and then talk about their employment by answering questions concerning: compliance of the current profession with the acquired specialty; problems encountered in finding a job; factors that affected employment; sphere of company' activity, the scale of the company and its rating, the position of the respondent and the level of his salary. Also, functions that are performed in the process of professional activity were disclosed and graduates' satisfaction with the position taken as a whole. In addition, respondents answered questions related to the vision of the real profession in the labor market. Authors analyzed the results of the questionnaire, which ultimately allowed them to assess the quality of professional training of specialists and their postgraduate work career. Also, solutions were offered for solving the problems identified in the analysis process.

scholarly journals Modernization of academic mobility in the period of digitalization of education

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00072
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sulimin ◽  
Vladislav Shvedov ◽  
Maya Lvova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Academic Mobility ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Organizational Mechanism ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The issue of academic mobility is one of the most important global challenges during the digitalization of education. In particular, it is important to identify methods and tools that meet international requirements. The issue of increasing the effectiveness of the organizational mechanism of academic mobility is acute in the law “On Education in the Russian Federation.” The main goal is to increase academic mobility and efficiency of mobility in the labor market. The article analyzes the state of development of academic mobility, defines the essence of this period, identifies the types and objectives of academic mobility. The author considers the weaknesses of the documents regulating the problem of a substantiates the necessity and expediency of the development of academic mobility in terms of the impact on the country's economy, and in terms of improving the quality of education.

scholarly journals The role of social partnership in improving the quality of vocational education

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Vladimirovna Ryattel ◽  
Liya Vladimirovna Faleeva ◽  
Aleksei Anatolevich Nabokikh
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Creation

The article raises the problem of improving the quality of vocational education which largely depends on the joint efforts of all stakeholders of the labor market of territorial education. Therefore, the creation and successful functioning of social partnership will allow in the long term to prepare qualified and in-demand specialists for regional enterprises. According to the authors, the process of formation and development of social partnership in the field of vocational education takes place on the background of reconsidering the role of the State in organizing and governing vocational education under conditions of rapid labor market development.

INDICATORS OF THE LABOR MARKET IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THEIR DYNAMICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Julia. A. Alekseeva ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Unemployed

The author gives a classification of indicators characterizing the state of the labor market in Russia, makes an assumption about the most significant indicators, including the level of quality of life of the population, determines the dynamics of statistical data on the state of labor market indicators in Russia in general. The article considers the dynamics of workers according to various criteria, including gender charac-teristics, by level of education. The dynamics of the unemployed, including in the context of education, was analyzed.

scholarly journals Restructuring of the Disability Pension Scheme Following a Concept of an Integrated Public Social Insurance System in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Roman Garbiec
Keyword(s):  
Disability Pension ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Pension System ◽  
The State ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Social Insurance System ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
Pension Benefits

AbstractThe disability pension system in Poland has operated largely unchanged since the 1970s. A compelling need to reform the system and adjust it to the challenges of the 21st century is an axiom in the Polish social policy. Unfortunately, restructuring of this system has never been, and is not a top priority for the Polish government. Ignoring this problem is a headwind against economic growth in Poland as the state is overburdened with significant social taxes. A need for the state to provide subsidies to cover current expenditures of the Social Insurance Trust Fund (FUS) is a permanent concern of the national economy. This paper highlights legislative errors and omissions in the Polish social insurance system, and the share of the state's budget devoted to financing of this system and benefit payments over the years 1991-2018. In the main part of the article, financial aspects of the operation of the pension system in Poland were presented. At the end of the article, a preliminary concept of a reform of the existing disability pension system was outlined, whose aim is in particular to improve its financial effectiveness and introduce uniform rules for the payment of pension benefits in Poland.

scholarly journals Foreign experience of financial support of citizens in case of unemployment

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Olena PETRUSHKA
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Social Insurance System ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Swedish Model

Introduction. Unemployment, as one of the world's economic problems today, significantly affects the material, social and professional level of the working population. Payment of unemployment benefits is one of the measures of social support of citizens by the state. Such social benefits are twofold, as on the one hand they replace lost earnings, and on the other one they will be perceived by the state regulation of labor resources. The purpose of the paper is to study and borrow positive experience of social insurance in case of unemployment in different countries of the world in accordance with their affiliation to labor market models and employment promotion. Results. The American Unemployment Insurance System is formed solely by employers' contributions (except in 3 states where employees also pay contributions) and provides benefits for 26 weeks. Each state has its own social security program, according to which contributions are formed and unemployment benefits are paid. If we talk about the European model of employment, its characteristic feature is that it is focused on reducing employment by increasing productivity and increasing the income level of working citizens. The Swedish model of social insurance in the event of unemployment is characterized by an active employment policy, in particular, preference is given to vocational training and professional development. In addition, the emphasis is on providing employment by creating jobs in the public sector with average and satisfactory working and pay conditions. The Japanese model of employment incentives has a number of characteristic features: the country has a widespread system of lifelong employment; the amount of remuneration for work is set depending on the length of service of the employee, his age and marital status; trade unions (unions) are not created on a sectoral basis, but directly at the level of economic entities. Conclusion. Building a multi-level social insurance system enables insured persons to receive high-level social benefits, insurers to create favorable working conditions and select highly qualified workers, and insurers to regulate the labor market and reduce unemployment.

scholarly journals Assessment of the State and Changes in the Labor Sphere, Ensuring the Quality of Working Life in the Context of Digitalization of the Economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
O. Novikova ◽  
◽  
L. Shamileva ◽  
O. Khandii ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
The Impact

The article presents an assessment of the state of the labor sphere and the quality of working life in the context of digitalization of the economy and society. The general conditions for ensuring and forming a decent quality of working life are assessed on the basis of changes in macroeconomic indicators of economic development in general and the digital sector with the determination of the efficiency of living labor costs. The share of the digital sector in the structure of the national economy, labor productivity of employees in the digital sector compared to national indicators are characterized. The dynamics of changes in the main socio-economic indicators of the development of the labor sphere of Ukraine for 2013-2020 and the structural transformation of employment by type of economic activity are analyzed. Changes in precariat in Ukraine for 2013-2020 and its share in the employed population are estimated. The characteristics of the dynamics of nominal, average, minimum wages for 2013-2020 in the context of ensuring the quality of working life are given. The social orientations in the system of remuneration and changes of social and economic indicators in Ukraine for the studied period are analyzed. The results of subjective assessment of working conditions, the level of dissatisfaction with their work are presented. It is concluded that the digitalization of the economy promotes the spread of non-standard forms of employment and creates new opportunities for employment in the labor market, and at the same time generates shadowing of employment, hidden unemployment and part-time employment, which limits the impact of high quality of life. It is proved that the low level of economic development and insignificant level of ICT implementation, technical and technological backwardness of national production have not affected the labor market, so far it has not changed under the influence of digital technologies.

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