scholarly journals Co-Carcinogenicity of Arsenic: Probable Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 294-305
Author(s):  
Archismaan Ghosh Sutapa Mukherjee ◽  
Madhumita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Carbonyl Content ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Presence of carcinogens, like Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), in the form of cigarette smoke, vehicular emission and industrial emissions in our immediate surroundings is a potent health hazard. Arsenic, a carcinogenic metalloid, omnipresent in the environment, can act as co-carcinogen, where it enhances the carcinogenicity of other carcinogens. In the present study, the co-carcinogenic effect of Arsenic has been investigated, upon the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (DMBA), a PAH, induced skin cancer model, in Swiss albino mice. Histological analysis revealed earlier development of invasive carcinoma in the DMBA and arsenic treated group in comparison to the DMBA treated mice alone. To understand this phenomena, ROS generation, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, total antioxidant capacity and activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL6, IL17a, IL22) and their downstream modulators (NF-κB) was assessed. The results suggested that arsenic in the presence of DMBA induced higher ROS generation, greater DNA damage, elevated lipid peroxidation, increased protein carbonyl content, upregulated activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their downstream regulators as well as down regulated the total antioxidant capacity in comparison to DMBA alone. These findings hint at the co-carcinogenic potential of arsenic, as it significantly enhances the carcinogenicity of DMBA and hastens carcinogenesis.

Curcumin protects DNA damage in a chronically arsenic-exposed population of West Bengal

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaydip Biswas ◽  
Dona Sinha ◽  
Sutapa Mukherjee ◽  
Soumi Roy ◽  
Maqsood Siddiqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Exposed Population

Groundwater arsenic contamination has been a health hazard for West Bengal, India. Oxidative stress to DNA is recognized as an underlying mechanism of arsenic carcinogenicity. A phytochemical, curcumin, from turmeric appears to be potent antioxidant and antimutagenic agent. DNA damage prevention with curcumin could be an effective strategy to combat arsenic toxicity. This field trial in Chakdah block of West Bengal evaluated the role of curcumin against the genotoxic effects of arsenic. DNA damage in human lymphocytes was assessed by comet assay and fluorescence-activated DNA unwinding assay. Curcumin was analyzed in blood by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Arsenic induced oxidative stress and elucidation of the antagonistic role of curcumin was done by observation on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl. Antioxidant enzymes like catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathioneS-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and non-enzymatic glutathione were also analyzed. The blood samples of the endemic regions showed severe DNA damage with increased levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation. The antioxidants were found with depleted activity. Three months curcumin intervention reduced the DNA damage, retarded ROS generation and lipid peroxidation and raised the level of antioxidant activity. Thus curcumin may have some protective role against the DNA damage caused by arsenic.

Trans-resveratrol supplement lowers lipid peroxidation responses of exercise in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Nasiri ◽  
Saja Ahmadizad ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Tayebe Zarekar ◽  
Mehdi Seydyousefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Physical exercise increases free radicals production; antioxidant supplementation may improve the muscle fiber’s ability to scavenge ROS and protect muscles against exercise-induced oxidative damage. This study was designed to examine the effects of all-trans resveratrol supplementation as an antioxidant to mediate anti-oxidation and lipid per-oxidation responses to exercise in male Wistar rats. Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal number (n = 16) including training + supplement (TS), training (T), supplement (S) and control (C) group. The rats in TS and S groups received a dose of 10 mg/kg resveratrol per day via gavage. The training groups ran on a rodent treadmill 5 times per week at the speed of 10 m/min for 10 min; the speed gradually increased to 30 m/min for 60 minutes at the end of 12th week. The acute phase of exercise protocol included a speed of 25 m/min set to an inclination of 10° to the exhaustion point. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activity, non-enzymatic antioxidants bilirubin, uric acid, lipid peroxidation levels (MDA) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured after the exercise termination. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The result showed that endurance training caused a significant increase in MDA level [4.5 ± 0.75 (C group) vs. 5.9 ± 0.41 nmol/l (T group)] whereas it decreased the total antioxidant capacity [8.5 ± 1.35 (C group) vs. 7.1 ± 0.55 mmol/l (T group)] (p = 0.001). In addition, GPx and CAT decreased but not significantly (p > 0.05). The training and t-resveratrol supplementation had no significant effect on the acute response of all variables except MDA [4.3 ± 1.4 (C group) vs. 4.0 ± 0.90 nmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.001) and TAC [8.5 ± 0.90 (C group) vs. 6.6 ± 0.80 mmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.004). It was concluded that resveratrol supplementation may prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress by preventing lipid peroxidation.

Alteration in the oxidative status of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) fed with a diet containing Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. (Asteraceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Eda Güneş
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbonyl Content ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dried Extract

Abstract The aim of the this study was to evaluate the effects of fresh, dried and freeze-dried Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. (Asteraceae) on the oxidant and antioxidant status of the model organism D. melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) experimentally. The study was carried out from 2016 to 2019, and plant leaf extracts (0-50 mg/l) were added to insect standard artificial diets. The total protein, protein carbonyl content and glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were quantified at the insect’s third larval stage. Our data showed that protein carbonyl content varied from 2.70 nmol/mg protein in the control group to 59.11 nmol/mg protein in the group fed with fresh leaf extract signifying induction of oxidative stress. All extracts increased the levels of all antioxidant enzymes and decreased the amounts of total protein. Meanwhile, the group fed with the freeze-dried extract showed no significant difference in the levels of total protein and protein carbonyl content except at the 50 mg/l concentration of the extract. Moreover, this group had superoxide dismutase and catalase activities 4 to 5 times higher than in the control group. In conclusion, induction of oxidative stress indicates that the fresh form of C. depressa leaves may have potential as a natural pesticide, whereas induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes by the freeze-dried extract suggest its potential as an antioxidant.

scholarly journals Total Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Peroxidation Status in Cervical Cancer Patients Compared with Women Without Cervical Cancer in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taslima Nigar ◽  
Annekathryn Goodman ◽  
Shahana Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Oxidative Stress Index ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Abstract Purpose Over the past several decades, research has suggested reactive oxygen species act as cofactors for cervical cancer development. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and lipid peroxidation status in cervical cancer patients in Bangladesh. Methods From December 2017 to 2018, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 50 cervical cancer patients and 50 controls. Plasma levels of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity were measured. The Student’s t test was used for statistical analysis. P values less than 0.05 were taken as a level of significance. Results There was a significant reduction in total antioxidant levels in patients with cervical cancer, 972.77 ± 244.22 SD µmol equivalent to ascorbic acid/L, compared to normal controls, 1720.13 ± 150.81 SD µmol equivalent to ascorbic acid/L (P < 0.001). Levels of lipid peroxidation were found to be significantly higher in cervical cancer, 7.49 ± 2.13 SD µmol/L, than in women without cervical cancer, 3.28 ± 0.58 SD µmol/L (P < 0.001). The cervical cancer patients had significantly higher levels of oxidative stress index (0.83 ± 0.31) in comparison to controls (0.19 ± 0.04) (P < 0.001). Conclusion There was an increased oxidative stress index due to imbalance between lipid peroxidation generation and total antioxidant capacity in cervical cancer patients. Further studies are needed to explore the role of oxidative stress as a cofactor for cervical carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Protein carbonyls and protein thiols in rheumatoid arthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pullaiah P. ◽  
Suchitra M. M. ◽  
Siddhartha Kumar B.
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Carbonyl Content ◽  
Protein Thiol ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Protein Thiols

Background: Oxidative stress (OS) has an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OS causes protein modification, thereby impairing the biological functions of the protein. This study was conducted to assess the oxidatively modified protein as protein carbonyl content and the antioxidant status as protein thiols, and to study the association between protein carbonyls and protein thiols in RA.Methods: Newly diagnosed RA patients who were not taking any disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs were included into the study group (n=45) along with age and sex matched healthy controls (n=45). Serum protein carbonyl content and protein thiols were estimated.Results: Elevated protein carbonyl content and decreased protein thiol levels (p<0.001) were observed in RA. A significant negative correlation was observed between protein carbonyl content and protein thiol levels (p<0.001).Conclusions: Oxidative stress in RA is evidenced by enhanced protein oxidation and decreased antioxidant protein thiol levels. Decreased protein thiols may also reflect protein modifications leading to compromise in the antioxidant properties. This oxidant and antioxidant imbalance needs to be addressed by therapeutic interventions to prevent disease progression.

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