scholarly journals Kaolin in pharmaceutical preparations: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Rezkia Azka Kamila
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Filling Agent ◽  
Constituent Component ◽  
Surface Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Topical Dosage

Background: Kaolin is a clay mineral with Al2Si2O5(OH)4 structure which can be found in sedimentary rocks also known as clay stones. Kaolin consists of clay materials such as quartz, illite, smectite, and hematite, with the largest constituent component being kaolinite. Kaolin is one of the most common minerals with an abundant presence in the earth's crust compared to other minerals, especially in Indonesia. In the pharmaceutical sector, this clay mineral is widely used in Indonesia. Kaolin is known to be a good adsorbent and has good physical, chemical, and surface physicochemical properties. Objective: This review article aims to provide information about the uses of kaolin in the pharmaceutical industry. Methods: This review article was written by conducting a literature search study method in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Results: In the pharmaceutical field, kaolin is used as an excipient in various types of medicinal preparations, one of which is as a suspension agent because of its ability to stabilize suspensions in a deflocculated state as an emulsifying agent, crushing agent, filling agent, and drug carrier. As an active substance, kaolin is widely used because it has a therapeutic activity. In the cosmetic industry, kaolin can be administered in a variety of topical dosage forms which act as skin protective agents or sunscreens. Conclusion: Based on the results of the review, it was found that kaolin, with its abundant presence on earth and its great potential in the pharmaceutical field, is used as an active medicinal substance, excipient ingredient, and in the cosmetic field as a sunscreen. Keywords: Kaolin, excipient, active pharmaceutical ingredient, cosmetics

scholarly journals Dendrimers and their Applications: A Review Article

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mughisa Munir ◽  
Muhammad Hanif ◽  
Nazar Muhammad Ranjha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Pamam Dendrimers ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Surface Groups ◽  
Convergent Method ◽  
Routes Of Drug Administration

Dendrimers are the valuable additives in different routes of drug administration and are the most successful agents, because dendrimers provide greater biocompatibility, water solubility and bioavailability. In this review, synthesis structures, method of preparation have been discussed. Interaction mechanisms between dendrimer molecules and active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), like simple encapsulation and covalent conjugation and the recent applications of dendrimers have also been focused. Divergent method of poly amidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers is found to be more applicable as compare to convergent method and PAMAM are also considered as ideal carriers for drug delivery because of large variety of surface groups, high aqueous solubility, and their unique architecture. 

scholarly journals Review for Analytical Methods for the Determination of Mefenamic Acid

2021 ◽  
pp. 426-437
Author(s):  
T. V. Ashira ◽  
T. Mohamed Rafeeque ◽  
Saba Maanvizhi ◽  
S. Kathirvel ◽  
P. C. Indukala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mefenamic Acid ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Mefenamic acid (MFA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that belongs to the anthranilic acid derivative family. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain. The present review article includes a compilation of articles on the various properties along with an extensive literature survey on the reported analytical methods of MFA. Using a comprehensive computer assisted literature review; this article discusses the analytical methodologies for quantifying MFA both in active pharmaceutical ingredient and pharmaceutical dosage forms. This is the first review article in this series with focus on the analytical profile of MFA. Although, several methods like High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, turbidimetry, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Mass Spectroscopy (MS) and electro analytical methods were reported in the literature, HPLC stands out first for the quantification of MFA.

Phyto-Phospholipid Complexation as a Novel Drug Delivery System for Management of Cancer with Better Bioavailability: Current Perspectives and Future Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram K. Sahu ◽  
Wael M. Aboulthana ◽  
Dinesh K. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Carrier System ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Drug Carrier System ◽  
Novel Drug

Abstract:: Cancer is the foremost cause of death, and it supports the need for the identification of novel anticancer drugs to improve the efficacy of current-therapy. While the synthetic anticancer drug is associated with numerous side effects. Hence the plant active or phytoconstituents are in high demand for the treatment of cancer due to minimum side effects. But the polar nature of phytoconstituents hindered the absorption of the drug and lower the therapeutic efficacy. The plant active incorporated into Phyto-phospholipid Complexation can enhance bioavailability and improved therapeutic efficacy. In this review article, advantages, limitation and application of Phyto-phospholipid complexes have been illustrated. The article highlights the application of Phyto-phospholipid complexes as a promising drug carrier system to treat cancer.

Preparation and Evaluation of Proniosomal Gel of Neem Seed Oil

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1780-1784
Author(s):  
Abhishek Chandel ◽  
Saroha K ◽  
Nanda S
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Surfactant Vesicles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation

Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles which act as drug carrier systems. In the present study, we carried preparation and evaluation of proniosomal gel of neem seed oil. The proniosomal gel was prepared using span 40, soya lecithin and cholesterol, using neem seed oil as the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Alcohol and phosphate buffer pH 7.4 were used in formulation as pharmaceutical excipients. The resulting formulations were evaluated and observed by transmission electron microscopy. Evaluation of formulation yielded optimum results like uniform size distribution 75-80% drug entrapment and microbiological data. It is concluded that it is viable to prepare an acceptable pronisomal gel of neem seed oil for therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals X-ray and Thermal Analysis of Selected Drugs Containing Acetaminophen

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5909
Author(s):  
Izabela Jendrzejewska ◽  
Tomasz Goryczka ◽  
Ewa Pietrasik ◽  
Joanna Klimontko ◽  
Josef Jampilek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Polymorphic Form ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Monoclinic System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Medicinal Drugs

Studies carried out by X-ray and thermal analysis confirmed that acetaminophen (paracetamol), declared by the manufacturers as an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), was present in all studied medicinal drugs. Positions of diffraction lines (2θ angles) of the studied drugs were consistent with standards for acetaminophen, available in the ICDD PDF database Release 2008. |Δ2θ| values were lower than 0.2°, confirming the authenticity of the studied drugs. Also, the values of interplanar distances dhkl for the examined samples were consistent with those present in the ICDD. Presence of acetaminophen crystalising in the monoclinic system (form I) was confirmed. Various line intensities for API were observed in the obtained diffraction patterns, indicating presence of the preferred orientation of the crystallites in the examined samples. Thermal analysis of the studied substances confirmed the results obtained by X-ray analysis. Drugs containing only acetaminophen as an API have melting point close to that of pure acetaminophen. It was found that presence of other active and auxiliary substances affected the shapes and positions of endothermal peaks significantly. A broadening of endothermal peaks and their shift towards lower temperatures were observed accompanying an increase in the contents of additional substances being “impurities” in relation to the API. The results obtained by a combination of the two methods, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetry (DSC/TGA), may be useful in determination of abnormalities which can occur in pharmaceutical preparations, e.g., for distinguishing original drugs and forged products, detection of the presence of a proper polymorphic form or too low content of the active substance in the investigated drug.

Nanostructured lipid carrier for bioavailability enhancement

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaldeep Kaur ◽  
Ujjwal Nautiyal ◽  
Devendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽  
Carrier System ◽  
Bioavailability Enhancement ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Drug Carrier System

Nanostructred lipid carrier(NLC) is second generation drug carrier system having solid matrix at room temperature. This carrier system is made up of physiological, biodegradable and biocompatible lipid materials and surfactants and is accepted by regulatory authorities for application in different drug delivery system. The main objective of this review is to explore the role of NLCs system for delivering drugs by oral route and thus increasing the oral bioavailability methods. The present review article highlights the definition and types of NLCs and their importance as colloidal carriers including the production techniques and their formulation. This review article also deals with the fate of lipids used in the NLCs formulation and the NLCs toxicity.

scholarly journals Overview of the Determination of Captopril Levels in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Biological Matrices

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nanda Aflyona Darma ◽  
Roslinda Rasyid ◽  
Harrizul Rivai
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Biological Matrices ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Uv Visible

Captopril is the most commonly prescribed ACE-Inhibitor class of drugs because it is easily accessible and affordable. Therefore, to ensure drug quality, captopril levels were determined. This review article aims to provide an overview of the various analytical techniques that have been carried out in selecting the groups of captopril in both pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological matrices. Some of these analytical methods include the UV-Visible spectrophotometric method, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), voltammetry, and flow injection. The data collection process in this review article is to collect research journals through trusted sites in the last ten years (2011-2021) with the search keywords "Determination of Captopril," "Analysis of Captopril on Pharmaceutical Preparations," and Analysis of Captopril on Biological Matrices." From the data that has been collected, the voltammetric method is the most widely used analytical technique in determining captopril for both pharmaceutical preparations and biological matrices in the last ten years.

scholarly journals Analytical Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Silymarin in Tablet Dosage form by HPLC

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Sneha Singh ◽  
Mohit Saini ◽  
Jitender K. Malik ◽  
Amit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Tablet Dosage

Silymarin is extracted from the Silybum marianum (milk thistle) plant C25 containing flavonoid mixture. It is mainly used for its effect in liver disease. The HPLC of silymarin tablet had been validated for precision, accuracy (recovery), selectivity & Linearity. In the present study, an attempt was made to provide a newer, simple, sensitive, precise and low cost HPLC method for the effective quantitative determination of silymarin as an active pharmaceutical ingredient as well as in pharmaceutical preparations without the interferences of other constituent in the formulations. HPLC method is developed and validated for various parameters as per ICH guidelines. The validated method was effectively useful to the commercially accessible pharmaceutical dosage form, yielding extremely good and reproducible result.

scholarly journals Effect of Forms of Pharmaceutical Preparations on Antibacterial Activity of Red Betel Oil (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Marchaban Marchaban ◽  
Anisa Ragil Handayani ◽  
Elsa Putri Kartika ◽  
Sudarsono Sudarsono
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Growth Inhibition

The Red Sirih Essential Oil (RSEO) which be obtained from red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) by water and vapour distillation has potential as antibacterial activity. Formulation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient to become a pharmaceutical dosage form can generally modify their activity. The aim of the study is to proof the influence of dosage forms to the activity of RSEO. The study was done by formulating the RSEO to become emulsion, microemulsion and solubilisation dosage forms, and then, their antibacterial activity againt Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 by microdilution method of 1.25% using ELISA reader at 570 nm. The results showed that formulation reduced antibacterial activity. The raw RSEO had a Bacterial Growth Inhibition (BGI) of 66.59%, whereas microemulsion had 49.58%, emulsion had 17.45%, and solubilisation had 0% of BGI, that mean lost its antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Advances in hepatoprotective medicinal plants research

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Qadir ◽  
Zara Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Hepatic Dysfunction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Liver Disorders ◽  
Multiple Factors

<p class="Abstract">Hepatic dysfunction is a major catastrophe that challenges the health concern researchers. Multiple factors such as biological, chemical and drug overdose are associated with liver disorders. Man-made pharmaceutical preparations, which are usually used for the treatment, further accelerate the toxification of the liver. In this situation, a great reliance has been evident on natural products which seem promising in dealing with liver diseases effectively. Plants are the basis of innate products, or dynamic constituents named as phytochemicals, which have been analyzed for their hepatoprotective potential and a review article on hepatoprotective plants was published in 2014 in Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology. After that, a number of researches have been completed to identify new hepatoprotective medicinal plants. The purpose of this review was to update the information until now. </p>

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