scholarly journals Pharmacognostical Investigation of Andrographis paniculata (Green Chiretta) and Crystallization of the Bioactive component Andrographolide

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Myrene R. Dsouza ◽  
Sapam Athoibi ◽  
Shashi Prabha
Keyword(s):  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Rbc Membrane ◽  
Bioactive Component ◽  
Ic50 Values

Andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae) is one the most commonly used ethno-medicinal plants in certain parts of Asia and European countries. The phytochemical analysis of the leaves of A. paniculata in aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, hydromethanolic (1:1) and hydroethanolic (1:1) extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, amino acid, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, xanthoproteins and phenols. The total phenolic, flavonoid contents and FRAP values were found to be highest in the hydromethanolic extract i.e., 0.23 ± 0.008 mg GAE/g of FWt, 0.031± 0.00 mg QE/g FWt and1.261 ± 0.03 mM FeSO4 respectively. Invitro antioxidant capacity by linear regression analysis was measured by assaying DPPH radical and H2O2 scavenging capacities. The respective IC50 values of the hydromethanolic extract of the plant were found to be 86.51 μg/ml and 298.27 μg/ml. The IC50 values for in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by heat induced protein denaturation (IC50 diclofenac = 574.06 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 179.7 μg/ml) and RBC membrane stabilization assay (IC50 diclofenac = 337.64 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 143.07 μg/ml). The IC50 values for in vitro anti-diabetic activities were evaluated by α-amylase inhibition (IC50 acarbose = 379.71 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 328.54 μg/ml). In addition, glucose diffusion was also monitored. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was studied against common pathogens using well diffusion method. The purification of Andrographolide was carried out using different physical separation techniques such as extraction and crystallization followed by drying.

scholarly journals Effect of Methanolic Extract of Securigera securidaca as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Ghassab M. Al- Mazaideh ◽  
Saleh A. Al- Quran
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Securigera Securidaca

In the present work, the phytochemical screening, polyphenolic content, antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity of Securigera securidaca seeds in methanol were carried out. Phytochemical analysis of seeds showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids and glycosides. Total phenolic content was estimated by Folin Ciocalteau method and the result showed the highest phenolic content of 62.28 mg/g. Methanolic extract was screened for antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method and it found to be potent. The MIC of methanol extract identified by broth dilution method showed a MIC value of 0.25 mg/ml for both E. coli and Kl. Oxytoca, and also 0.5 mg/ml for both S. aureus and S. epidermis. The antioxidant effect of the seeds was tested by DPPH scavenging activity as in vitro assay. The extract had potent inhibitory activity (IC50) value of 0.057 mg/ml. The finding experimental results showed that methanolic extract of Securigera securidaca is important as a source of antibacterial activity and polyphenolic antioxidants.

Identification of Secondary Metabolites and Antibacterial Activity of Non Polar Fraction from Heterotrigona itama Propolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz ◽  
Veggy Nadya Yuliawan ◽  
Paula Mariana Kustiawan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Polar Fraction ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Color Changes

Propolis is one of the natural products produced by kelulut bees and is still not widely used. The type of stingless bee that is the prima donna in the community is Heterotrigona itama. This study aims to determine the phytochemical content of the n-hexane fraction of Heterotrigona itama bee propolis collected from Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan. The n-hexane fraction was obtained from the methanol extract of H. itama propolis by the liquid-liquid partition method. After obtaining the n-hexane fraction, the research continued with a qualitative phytochemical test to identify the compound and determine total phenolic. Antibacterial activity was determined by the agar well diffusion method with a serial concentration in Escherichia coli bacteria. Qualitative phytochemical analysis in the form of color changes showed that the n-hexane fraction of H. itama propolis contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. Based on the results, the total phenolic content of the n-hexane fraction sample was 490 mgGAE/100 g. It caused the n-hexane fraction to have lower phenolic content than the methanol extract (792 mg GAE100 g). Furthermore, this result indicated that the non-polar fraction was not substantial enough to extracted phenolic compounds. It correlated to the antibacterial activity of the n-hexane fraction, which was very weak (2  mm ± 1.5) at  200µg/mL concentration.

scholarly journals IN VITRO - ANTIOXIDANT AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF AEGLE MARMELOS (L.) CORREA. LEAF EXTRACT

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Samidha M Pawaskar ◽  
Sasangan Kc
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Objective: In this study, the leaf powder of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa. was subjected to preliminary phytochemical and in vitro antioxidant analysis. Methods: The freshly prepared plant leaf extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, which revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and steroids. Reducing power, superoxide (SO) anion radical, nitric oxide (NO) radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the methanolic leaf extract of this plant. The amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were also determined. Results: This study has revealed that the A. marmelos (L.) Correa. leaf extract showed considerably high amounts of most of the phytochemicals, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, and flavonoid content. The study also indicated that the A. marmelos (L.) Correa. showed comparatively good scavenging activity, i.e., inhibition of hydroxyl radical, NO and SO anion scavenging and reducing power activities when compared with the respective standards. Conclusion: The leaf powder of A. marmelos (L.) Correa. can be used as easily accessible source of natural antioxidant and as a possible food supplement or in pharmaceutical industry.

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA TUBER

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Dahiya P
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Dioscorea Bulbifera ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp ◽  
Almost All

  Objective: The inhibitory properties of successive extracts from Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae) tubers have been evaluated for the presence of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates was evaluated.Methods: The tuber of D. bulbifera was oven dried and extracted successively with n-hexane, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, and water. The antimicrobial potential of successive extracts against MDR isolates was studied by agar well-diffusion method. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed.Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of steroids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and reducing sugars in almost all the extracts tested. Anthraquinones, phlobatanins, and tannins were not reported in any extracts tested. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of various solvents and water extracts of D. bulbifera was further investigated against ten MDR bacteria and three fungi, respectively. Aqueous and chloroform extracts were found to be more potent being capable of exerting significant inhibitory activities against the majority of the isolates such as Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter sp., Salmonella paratyphi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans. The highest inhibitory activity was observed for K. pneumoniae with wide inhibition zone diameters (17 ± 0.15 mm), followed by E. coli 1(13 ± 0.11) mm, and Acinetobacter sp. (11 ± 0.12).Conclusion: Based on the present study, the extracts of D. bulbifera tubers have shown excellent activity against MDR microbial cultures tested. Further study is recommended for clinical evaluation, of the efficacy of crude extract in herbal medicine that can serve as a base for the development of novel potent drugs and phytomedicines.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Antibacterial Analysis of Pectin Isolated from Banana Peel and its Application in Edible Coating of Freshly Made Mozzarella Cheese

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Srishti Tripathi ◽  
Sunita Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Mozzarella Cheese

The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant activity of pectin extracted from banana peel. Antibacterial activity was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Enteritidis. The well diffusion method was used to assess the antibacterial effect of the pectin extract on microorganisms. The extract showed maximum activity against Staphylococcus aureus (19.6 mm). The total phenolic content and flavonoid content in the examined extract found to be 3883.6 mgGA/g and 903.03 mg QE/gm on a dry matter basis. Antioxidant activity is analyzed using in vitro Standard spectrophotometer methods. Pectin extract increases DPPH scavenging activity up to 75 µg/ml of concentration. The innovation in food packaging by the use of pectin-based edible coatings is reviewed in this paper. Thereafter, coating of pectin was done in mozzarella cheese and its shelf life was studied at 1, 7,14,21, and 28 days of storage at 5˚C. It was analyzed that pectin coating over mozzarella cheese increases their shelf life from 7 to 21 days. Thus, pectin is a natural polysaccharide that attracts interest for maintaining and improving the quality of cheese. Also, it minimizes the waste that occurs from non-biodegradable packaging materials and helps the environment to be safe. This research was carried out at the laboratory of Food Science analysis Laboratory, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (INDIA) between February 21-April 21.

LEAVES OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA IS AN ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER AGENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
S. ANNAI THERASA ◽  
G. SOBIYA ◽  
S. MABEL PARIMALA
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Promising Source

Objective: Andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant used in the Indian traditional system of medicine for the treatment of many chronic diseases. The present study was aimed to quantify secondary metabolites, determine antioxidant, and anticancer activity of ethanol extract of A. paniculata leaves. Methods: Leaf sample was macerated with ethanol solvent. Alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenols, and flavonoids were quantified with standard calibrations. The antioxidant potential was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. In vitro anticancer activity was evaluated using human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cell line. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to estimate the cytotoxicity of the extracts. Apoptotic and necrotic effects were characterized by DNA fragmentation assay and fluorescence microscopy using the dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining method. Results: The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. Alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenol, and flavonoid content were recorded as follows: 9.84%, 8.42%, 13.94%, 44.37 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, and 904 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant activity from DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays showed dose-dependent inhibition of free radicals. In cell viability tests, cell death with increasing extract concentration was observed. DNA fragmentation and AO/EB stain confirmed apoptosis and necrosis in extract-treated cells. Conclusion: The results indicate that A. paniculata is a promising source for the development of antioxidant and anticancer drugs.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND α-AMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF PHYLLANTHUS INDOFISCHERI BENNET

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana S ◽  
Ramakrushna B. ◽  
Anitha S.
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Ic50 Values

Objective: The present study evaluates the antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity of leaf and bark extracts of Phyllanthus indofischeri with methanol and water as solvents. In addition to this, the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content was determined.Methods: The total phenolic and total flavonoid content of the extracts was determined by folin ciocaletus reagent method and aluminium chloride colorimetric method respectively. The antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity were measured by various assays, including α, α-diphenyl-ẞ-dipicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity by phosphomolybdate method and porcine pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory assay. The IC50 values were calculated and compared with standards such as gallic acid, ascorbic acid and α-acarbose.Results: The results illustrated that all the extracts of Phyllanthus indofischeri exhibit significant antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity. Among the extracts, methanolic leaf extract showed high levels of activity followed by bark water extract.Conclusion: Phyllanthus indofischeri extracts had shown antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity. On the basis of these results, Phyllanthus indofischeri can be used as a natural antioxidant and hypoglycemic agent against various disorders related to oxidative stress; and the isolation of bioactive compounds was warranted. 

scholarly journals Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Potential Exerted by Millet Grain Varieties

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Kwame Ofosu ◽  
Fazle Elahi ◽  
Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri ◽  
Ramachandran Chelliah ◽  
Hun Ju Ham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Ic50 Values

This study evaluated the potential antioxidant and antidiabetic properties in vitro of four millet grain varieties cultivated in South Korea. The free fractions were tested for their total antioxidant capacity using 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays, followed by α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) formation inhibition assays. The total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins in the free fractions ranged from 107.8 to 136.4 mg ferulic acid equivalent (FAE)/100 g, 101.3 to 115.8 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100 g, and 17.65 to 59.54 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100 g, respectively. Finger Italian millet had the highest total phenolic content (136.4 mg FAE/100 g) and flavonoid content (115.8 mg CE/100 g). Barnyard and finger Italian millet showed the highest DPPH (IC50 = 359.6 µg/mL and 436.25 µg/mL, respectively) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 362.40 µg/mL and 381.65 µg/mL, respectively). Similarly, finger Italian millet also exhibited significantly lower IC50 values for the percentage inhibition of α-glucosidase (18.07 µg/mL) and α-amylase (10.56 µg/mL) as compared with acarbose (IC50 = 59.34 µg/mL and 27.73 µg/mL, respectively) and AGEs formation (33.68 µg/mL) as compared with aminoguanidine (AG) (52.30 µg/mL). All eight phenolic compounds identified in finger Italian millet were flavonoids, with flavanols being the predominant subclass. Taken together, millet flavonoids play important roles in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes, and hence finger Italian millet has the potential to be developed as a functional food.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TOPICAL HERBAL GEL CONTAINING INCLUSION COMPLEX OF CURCUMIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
VANDANA D ◽  
SHWETA PAWAR
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
In Vitro Diffusion ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: The current work was aimed to prepare a topical gel containing curcumin (CUR) for the treatment of microbial infections on skin. Methods: CUR was complexed with the β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) using kneading method in 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 molar ratios and characterized. The inclusion complex with high aqueous solubility was loaded in the topical gel containing (2% CUR) which was prepared using carbopol, sodium CMC, and guar gum and evaluated for viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, pH, drug content, and in vitro diffusion studies. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the gel was performed by albumin protein denaturation technique, the statistical analysis was done using ANOVA followed Dunnett’s t-test. The antimicrobial activity of CUR was evaluated using standard strains of Candida albicans and Escherichia coli by agar well diffusion method. Results: The complexation of CUR had an increased solubility up to 103.09 times for 1:3 molar ratio with in vitro dissolution 90.64% for 60 min. The optimized formulation F9 had viscosity of 6500.3 cps and 97.5% in vitro drug diffusion for 8 h which follows zero-order release kinetics. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity studied showed that the CUR gel has a good potency for renaturation and was as effective as standard diclofenac with 76.9% inhibition (p=0.0507). CUR showed approx. 3 mm diameter of zone of inhibition against C. albicans and E. coli. Conclusion: A stable topical gel of CUR using β-CD and carbopol was successfully prepared which showed better in vitro diffusion with promising anti-inflammatory and antifungal action.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the In Vitro Wound-Healing Activity and Phytochemical Characterization of Propolis and Honey

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Afonso ◽  
Joana Gonçalves ◽  
Ângelo Luís ◽  
Eugenia Gallardo ◽  
Ana Paula Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Assay ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

Honey and propolis are natural substances produced by Apis mellifera that contain flavonoids, phenolic acids, and several other phytochemicals. The aim of this study was to phytochemically characterize three different types of honey and propolis, both separately and mixed, and to evaluate their wound-healing activity. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu’s and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by both the DPPH free radical scavenging assay and β-carotene bleaching test, and the anti-inflammatory activity was determined by a protein denaturation method. To evaluate the wound-healing activity of the samples, NHDF cells were subjected to a wound scratch assay. The obtained results showed that dark-brown honey presents a higher concentration of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, as well as higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Propolis samples had the highest concentrations in bioactive compounds. Examining the microscopic images, it was possible to verify that the samples promote cell migration, demonstrating the wound-healing potential of honey and propolis.

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