scholarly journals Effects of Resveratrol Supplementation on the Motility, Structural Integrity, and Mitochondrial Function of Freeze-Thawed Dog Sperm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seonggyu Bang ◽  
Ahmad Yar Qamar ◽  
Bereket Molla Tanga ◽  
Xun Fang ◽  
Jongki Cho
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Trans Stilbene

Antioxidants have multiple protective roles in cells and can be used as a supplement to protect cells against cryopreservation-induced detrimental effects, including protecting sperm fertility quality. The antioxidant resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene; RSV) has been shown to be a protective supplement for the cryopreservation of animal sperm, including human sperm. In this study, we assessed the effect of RSV supplementation on canine sperm cryopreservation. Semen was collected from four dogs and the effect of different concentrations of RSV (0, 100, 200, and 400 µM) on post-thaw quality of sperm was examined. After thawing, sperm motility was assessed using computer aided sperm analysis, and the structural integrity of the plasma membrane, acrosome, and chromatin were examined, as well as mitochondrial activity and gene expression were assessed. Dog sperm cryopreserved with 200 µM RSV showed significant improvement in motility and viability following thawing compared with that of the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, RSV-supplemented samples showed significantly higher numbers of sperm with an intact plasma membrane, active mitochondria, and structural integrity of acrosomes and chromatin than that of control samples (p < 0.05). Furthermore, gene expression showed that RSV supplemented samples showed lower expression of pro-apoptotic (BAX) oxidative stress-related (ROMO1) and oxidative induced DNA damage repair (OGG1) whereas higher expression levels of anti‐apoptotic (BCL2) protamine-2 (PRM2), protamine-3 (PRM3) and sperm acrosome‐associated (SPACA3) genes than control. Our results suggest that RSV, at its optimum concentration, can be efficiently used as an alternative antioxidant in the cryopreservation of dog sperm.

scholarly journals Effects of the addition of docosahexaenoic acid and ?-tocopherol on quality of equine spermatozoa stored at 5°C

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breno Fernandes Barreto Sampaio ◽  
Bruno Gomes Nogueira ◽  
Maria Inês Lenz Souza ◽  
Eliane Vianna da Costa-e-Silva ◽  
Carmem Estefânia Serra Neto Zúccari
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Artificial Vagina

Plasma membrane composition has impact on phase transition from liquid crystal to gel state of cooled sperm cell. The incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids increases its fluidity and can contribute to sperm motility. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of adding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and ?-tocopherol (?-Toh) to the cooling extender, singly or combined, to the equine sperm parameters, submitted to cooling, up to 72 hours. Two ejaculates of ten stallions collected with artificial vagina were used, and evaluated for motility, plasma membrane integrity, chromatin fragmentation, mitochondrial activity and lipid peroxidation, according to the following treatments: C; DHA; ?-Toh; DHA/?-Toh; EtOH 100: and EtOH 140 (corresponding to control; 10 ng mL-1 of DHA; 2 mM of ?-Toh; : 10 ng mL-1 of DHA + 2 mM of ?-Toh; 100 µL of ethanol and 140 µL of ethanol respectively). DHA treatment showed higher motility (68.2 ± 12.3; p < 0.05) when compared to control (62.1 ± 16.2), DHA/?-Toh (61.3 ± 12.7) and EtOH (58.1 ± 8.6) groups. In lipid peroxidation assay, the control group showed 2,506.2 ± 796.4 ng of MDA 108 spermatozoa-1, being significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the groups treated with DHA (2,036.0 ± 687.0), ?-Toh (1,890.8 ± 749.5) and DHA/?-Toh (1,821.1 ± 627.2). In conclusion, ?-Toh was effective in diminishing lipid peroxidation of equine sperm subjected to cooling, and DHA improved sperm motility and, in spite of being a polyunsaturated fatty acid with high susceptibility to peroxidation, reduced lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals High revivability of vitrified–warmed bovine mature oocytes after recovery culture with α-tocopherol

Reproduction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuko Yashiro ◽  
Miho Tagiri ◽  
Hayato Ogawa ◽  
Kazuya Tashima ◽  
Seiji Takashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Number ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Total Cell Number ◽  
Recovery Culture ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

The objective of this study was to investigate whether developmental competence of vitrified–warmed bovine oocytes can be improved by antioxidant treatment during recovery culture. In experiment 1, one of the two antioxidants (either l-ascorbic acid or α-tocopherol) was added as a supplement to the recovery culture medium to which postwarming oocytes were exposed for 2 h before IVF. The exposure to α-tocopherol had a positive effect on rescuing the oocytes as assessed by the blastocyst yield 8 days after the IVF (35.1–36.3% vs 19.2–25.8% in untreated postwarming oocytes). Quality of expanding blastocysts harvested on Day 8 was comparable between α-tocopherol-treated vitrification group and fresh control group in terms of total cell number and chromosomal ploidy. In experiment 2, level of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial activity, and distribution of cortical granules in α-tocopherol-treated postwarming oocytes were assessed. No obvious differences from the control data were found in these parameters. However, the treatment with α-tocopherol increased the percentage of zygotes exhibiting normal single aster formation (90.3% vs 48.0% in untreated postwarming oocytes; 10 h post-IVF). It was concluded that α-tocopherol treatment of vitrified–warmed bovine mature oocytes during recovery culture can improve their revivability, as shown by the high blastocyst yield and the higher mean total cell number in the blastocysts.

scholarly journals Effect of Addition Palmitic Acid and Vitamin E to the Tris-Egg Yolk Diluter in Canine Semen Cryopreservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Antônio Celestino de Sousa Filho ◽  
Luanna Soares de Melo Evangelista ◽  
Filipe Nunes Barros ◽  
Jefferson Hallisson Lustosa da Silva ◽  
Anna Monallysa Silva de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Acrosomal Membrane

Background: Canine sperm is a very delicate cell that is quite susceptible to oxidative stress since the cytoplasm is restricted and features little antioxidant reserves. Furthermore, the sperm membrane has some polyunsaturated fatty acids sensitive to lipid peroxidation, which makes it important to addition antioxidant substances to the diluter aiming at decreasing such stress to the sperm cell, particularly during seminal cryopreservation. Several antioxidants have been used in this process in some domestic animal’s species, however, the use of palmitic acid has been little reported in works on cryopreservation of semen of the canine species. Hence, this study aimed to assess the effect of addition antioxidants palmitic acid and vitamin E to the Tris-egg yolk diluter on the semen quality of dogs after thawing.Materials, Methods & Results: Samples were collected from the ejaculates of 4 adult dogs, apparently healthy, of the American Pit Bull Terrier breed of kennels in the city of Teresina, PI, places where the pre-freezing procedures of the dog’s semen were performed. The samples were diluted in Tris citric acid fructose (3.28 g Tris-hydroxymethyl-aminomethane, 1.78 g citric acid monohydrate and 1.25 g D-fructose), dissolved in 100 mL distilled water, and added 20% egg yolk and 6% glycerol, at the concentration of 100x106 sptz/mL. The semen samples were divided into 3 mL aliquots to form 3 experimental groups: G1 - Only Tris-egg yolk (Control group); G2 - Tris-egg yolk + 100 µM palmitic acid; and G3 - Tris-egg yolk + 116 µM vitamin E. Semen was collected weekly over a period of little over 2 months. After thawing, thermorresistance test (TTR) was carried out at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min to assess spermatics motility and vigor, in addition to analysis of integrity of plasma membrane, acrosomal membrane and mitochondrial activity of the sperm, using fluorescent probes. These assessments were performed out at the Animal Reproduction Biotechnology Laboratory (LBRA/UFPI). In the TTR, G2 and G3 didn´t exhibit significant results for spermatics motility or vigor when compared with the control group. The palmitic acid and vitamin E also had no significant effects on the parameters of acrosomal membrane integrity or mitochondrial activity. However, sperm cryopreserved with the addition of palmitic acid exhibited significant differences for plasma membrane integrity, providing greater protection to the sperm cells in G2.Discussion: The palmitic acid is one of the most saturated fatty acids in human semen, with reports of great proportions also in the seminal plasma of dogs. Its main role is to protect the plasma membrane from external damage, improving viability and fertility of the sperm after cryopreservation. Data is scarce in the literature on the composition of fatty acids in canine semen and regarding the use of palmitic acid as a seminal antioxidant in that species, which grants further studies aiming to investigate such valuable information for canine reproduction. It is concluded that addition palmitic acid at 100 µM concentration to the Tris-egg yolk diluter was able to preserve the integrity of the plasma membrane during the process of cryopreservation of canine semen.Keywords: dog, semen, antioxidants, cryopreservation.Descritores: cão, sêmen, antioxidantes, criopreservação.

scholarly journals The Quality of Frozen-thawed Canine Semen With Respect to Semen Extender Composition and Sequence of Ejaculate Collection in Dogs

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
Jiří Šichtař ◽  
Ondřej Šimoník ◽  
Petra Folková ◽  
Adéla Dokoupilová ◽  
Radko Rajmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Semen Extender

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of clarified egg yolk addition to semen extender, and the semen collection sequence on the quality of frozen-thawed semen in dogs. Semen was collected from 6 dogs in a time interval of 24 hours. As parameter of the quality of frozen-thawed (F-T) semen, the motility by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and plasma membrane integrity by hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOS) were evaluated. All kinematic parameters of sperm motility were higher in F-T samples containing the whole in comparison to the clarified egg yolk. The sequence of semen collection affected sperm movement characteristics of native as well as F-T semen, but it was not possible to determine whether the fresh semen from the 1st or 2nd collection is of higher quality. All motility parameters of sperms frozen with extender containing the whole egg yolk were significantly higher in the case of the 2nd collection. The situation was not so clear in the case of clarified egg yolk addition, but the velocity values were higher in F-T samples from the 2nd collection. In contrast to proven differences in motility, the effect of the addition of clarified egg yolk and the sequence of semen collection were not projected at all on the quality of plasma membrane of canine sperms evaluated by HOS test.

scholarly journals Protective effects of hesperetin on the quality of sperm, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress during the process of cryopreservation: An experimental study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Valipour ◽  
Sina Mojaverrostami ◽  
Beheshteh Abouhamzeh ◽  
Masoumeh Abdollahi
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Background: Hesperetin is a bioflavonoid compound, largely used in Chinese traditional medicine and found plenty in citrus fruits. Hesperetin has beneficial effects against different diseases. The sperm cryopreservation process is a common method that is used in infertility laboratories. It has been reported that during the cryopreservation process, the quality of sperm is significantly reduced. Objective: To investigate the effect of hesperetin on the quality of human spermatozoa during the cryopreservation process. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 22 sperm sample of normozoospermia men who referred to the infertility department of the Shariati Hospital (Tehran, Iran) Between October and November 2019 were collect and divided into three groups as: 1) fresh, 2) control (frozen-thawed group without treatment), and 3) treatment group as frozen-thawed samples supplemented with 20 μM hesperetin. Motility, Viability, morphology, Apoptotic-like changes, intracellular H2O2, intracellular O2−, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) was measured. Results: Hesperetin treatment during the cryopreservation process of human sperm significantly improved the viability, motility, and morphology rates of the spermatozoa after frozen-thawed process in control group (p < 0.01). In addition, it significantly reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, LPO level and increased the percentage of viable sperm cells with intact plasma membrane (p < 0.01) after frozen-thawed process. Conclusion: Hesperetin can improve the quality of human sperm and also protect human sperm against reactive oxygen species, LPO, and apoptosis during the cryopreservation-thawing process. Key words: Cryopreservation, Hesperetin, Spermatozoa, Reactive oxygen species.

scholarly journals How to Increase Post-Thaw Semen Quality in Poor Freezing Stallions: Preliminary Results of the Promising Role of Seminal Plasma Added after Thawing

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Šichtař ◽  
Filipa Bubeníčková ◽  
Jitka Sirohi ◽  
Ondřej Šimoník
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of two types of seminal plasma (SP) after thawing on the functional characteristics of frozen–thawed (F–T) spermatozoa of poor freezing stallions during prolonged incubation periods. Seminal plasma from stallions with 35–40% (standard seminal plasma, (S-SP)) and 60–70% (above standard seminal plasma, (A-SP)) progressively motile spermatozoa after thawing was used. The motility, kinematic parameters (Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis), distribution of spermatozoa into subpopulations, integrity (carboxyfluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide staining), and functionality (hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test) of the spermatozoa plasma membrane were evaluated after thawing (T0) and after 30 min (T30) of incubation at 37 °C. There was no effect of SP addition on spermatozoa motility, but there was a significant positive effect on the kinematic parameters at T0 and T30. The addition of SP significantly increased the percentage of spermatozoa in the fast subpopulation at T0 as well as at T30. Plasma membrane integrity was not affected by the treatment, but functionality significantly decreased by 5% compared to the control group when samples were incubated for 30 min with A-SP. In conclusion, generally, the post-thaw addition of seminal plasma positively affected the post-thaw quality of semen from poor freezing stallions.

scholarly journals Beneficial Influence of Soybean Lecithin Nanoparticles on Rooster Frozen–Thawed Semen Quality and Fertility

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1769
Author(s):  
Lingwei Sun ◽  
Mengqian He ◽  
Caifeng Wu ◽  
Shushan Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Soybean Lecithin ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
The Impact

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) of nano-soybean lecithin (SL) in the extender on sperm quality, sperm motion characteristics, and fertility outcomes of post-thawed rooster semen. Adult Ross broiler breeder roosters (n = 20) were subjected to semen collections twice a week for three weeks. At each collection, semen samples were pooled and allocated into five treatments corresponding to different nano-SL concentrations (control, SL0.5, SL1.0, SL1.5, and SL2.0). Sperm parameters, including motility (collected using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system), plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, and mitochondrial activity were assessed. Sperm malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant activities (total antioxidant capacity (TAC); superoxide dismutase (SOD); glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) were evaluated. The fertility and hatchability obtained with frozen–thawed rooster semen supplemented with the optimum nano-SL concentration were assessed after artificial insemination. The results showed that the addition of 1% nano-SL into the extender led to a higher semen motility in roosters, improved plasma membrane and acrosome integrities, and higher mitochondrial activity of post-thawed rooster semen in comparison to controls (p < 0.05). The MDA levels in the SL0.5 and SL1.0 groups were lower than the other groups (p < 0.05). TAC activities in SL0.5, SL1.0, and SL1.5 groups were significantly higher than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). It was observed that the concentration of SOD was higher in the SL1.0 group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The activity of GPx was not influenced in any of the cases (p > 0.05). Moreover, the percentages of fertility and hatchability in the SL1.0 group were higher (56.36% and 58.06%) than those in the control group (42.72% and 40.43%). In summary, the addition of nano-SL to the extenders enhanced the post-thawed semen quality and fertility of roosters by reducing the level of oxidative stress. The optimum nano-SL concentration was 1.0%. These results may be beneficial for improving the efficacy of semen cryopreservation procedures in poultry breeding.

scholarly journals Effect of Glutathione on Sperm Quality in Guanzhong Dairy Goat Sperm During Cryopreservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahao Zou ◽  
Lixuan Wei ◽  
Dexian Li ◽  
Yongtao Zhang ◽  
Guang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Motility Parameters

In the process of cryopreservation of dairy goat semen, it will face many threats such as oxidative damage, which will affect the motility and plasma membrane function of sperm. As an endogenous antioxidant in animals, glutathione (GSH) can significantly improve the quality of thawed sperm when added to the frozen diluent of semen of pigs and cattle. In this study, different concentration gradients of GSH [0 mmol/L (control), 1, 2, 3, 4 mmol/L] were added to the frozen diluent of Guanzhong dairy goat semen. By detecting the sperm motility parameters, acrosome intact rate and plasma membrane intact rate after thawing, the effect of GSH on the cryopreservation of dairy goat semen was explored. Sperm motility parameters were measured with the computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) system (total power, TM; forward power, PM; linearity, LIN; average path speed, VAP; straight line speed, VSL; curve speed, VCL; beat cross frequency, BCF). The sperm acrosome integrity rate after thawing was detected by a specific fluorescent probe (isothiocyanate-labeled peanut agglutinin, FITC-PNA), and the sperm plasma membrane integrity rate after thawing was detected by the hypotonic sperm swelling (HOST) method. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) kit, malondialdehyde (MDA) kit, superoxide dismutase (SOD) kit, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) kit were used to detect various antioxidant indicators of thawed sperm. in vitro fertilization experiment was used to verify the effect of adding glutathione on sperm fertilization and embryo development. The results showed that when the concentration of glutathione was 2 mmol/l, the sperm viability, plasma membrane intact rate, and acrosome intact rate were the highest after thawing, reaching 62.14, 37.62, and 70.87% respectively, and they were all significantly higher. In terms of antioxidant indexes; the values of SOD and GSH-PX were 212.60 U/ml and 125.04 U/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group; The values of ROS and MDA were 363.05 U/ml and 7.02 nmol/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than the control group. The addition of 2 mmol/L glutathione significantly improves the fertilization ability of sperm. In short, adding 2 mmol/l glutathione to the semen diluent can improve the quality of frozen Guanzhong dairy goat sperm.

Expression of XIAP in Multiple Myeloma Patients

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 5118-5118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Gaponova ◽  
Andrey Misurin ◽  
Larisa Mendeleeva ◽  
Elena Varlamova ◽  
Elena Parovichnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitors ◽  
Proteasome Inhibition ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Xiap Expression ◽  
Group I

Abstract Introduction of novel drugs, in particular, proteasome inhibitors, for the treatment of Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients has significantly improved treatment response and overall survival. One of the effects of proteasome inhibition is down-regulation of the transcription factor NF kB that stimulates the expression of apoptosis inhibitors (IAPs). The expression of IAPs protects cells from the death due to temporary apoptotic stimuli. The overexpression of IAPs is one of the characteristics of malignant cells. A crucial gene of the IAPs family is XIAP which encodes a protein which contains not only the caspase 3 and 7 blocking domain BIR2, but also a unique caspase 9 inhibiting domain BIR3. Therefore, XIAP is able to block both apoptosis pathways: one that depends on external signals and the other that depends on mitochondrial activity. In addition, the RING domain of XIAP has an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The aim of our study was to investigate the XIAP expression in MM patients at diagnosis and during chemotherapy, especially with proteosome inhibitors. Our study included 25 primary MM patients; all of them have given informed consent. The median age was 48 years (range 31–62). IgG MM was diagnosed in 22 cases, IgA MM in 1 and Light Chain MM in 2. Initial treatment consisted of 3 cycles of VAD. If CR or PR were not achieved, the treatment was changed to bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 on days 1,4,8 and 11 and dexamethasone (dex) 40 mg daily on days 1–4 days (4–6 cycles). If CR or PR was attained, Stem Cell mobilization was performed with Cyclophosphamide 6 mg/m2 +G-CSF. Melphalan at 200 mg/m2 was given before auto-SCT. The XIAP expression level was analyzed before therapy (n=25), after VAD (n=12), after bortezomib (n=6) and after auto-SCT (n=4). XIAP expression was evaluated quantitatively by means of RQ-PCR using ABL gene expression for normalization. In primary MM patients the XIAP expression was found in 100%. The meaning of XIAP/ABL*100% varied in the range of 5 to 5382% (median 22%). 24% of MM patients demonstrated XIAP hyperexpression (XIAP/ABL*100%&gt;40%). In the control group of healthy donors the XIAP expression level was not more 13%. We subdivided MM patient into two groups according to XIAP/ABL*100% meaning: I&lt;40%, II&gt;40%. The comparison of M-protein, beta-microglobulin and albumin levels did not reveal any difference between these two groups. However, in group II (with primary XIAP hyperexpression) we observed the decrease of XIAP expression paralled tumor reduction (from more then 40% to 5–20%). On the contrast, in group I the XIAP gene expression increased right after chemotherapy initiation to extremely high levels of 2425%. But, after high dose melphalan and auto-SCT, the XIAP level significantly decreased (22–157%) along with the attainment of CR or very good PR. The level of the XIAP gene expression was also evaluated after the bortezomib treatment. After 4–6 courses of bortesomib + dex in all 6 MM patients CR + PR were achieved, that correlated with XIAP reduction to 8–25%. Conclusion: In MM patients at diagnosis, the level of the XIAP expression is high. The decrease of the XIAP expression correlates with the chemotherapy and proteasome inhibitor treatment efficicacy. XIAP expression comes to the normal values at the time of CR and PR achievement.

Insights into soy lecithin and egg yolk-based extenders for chilling canine spermatozoa

Zygote ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Dalmazzo ◽  
Daniel de Souza Ramos Angrimani ◽  
João Diego A. Losano ◽  
Carolina C. Rocha ◽  
Carlos A. B. Sobrinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Soy Lecithin ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Tbars Assay

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare different concentrations of soy lecithin (LEC0.01%, LEC0.05% and LEC0.1%) with egg yolk (Control) in cooling extenders during the storage of semen at 5ºC for 5 days. Twelve dogs (n = 12) were selected, and semen was cooled and assessed after 2, 24, 48, 72, 96 or 120 h. At each time point, sperm were analyzed for kinetic patterns (using computer-assisted sperm analysis), mitochondrial activity (3′3- diaminobenzidine assay), lipid peroxidation (TBARS assay), DNA fragmentation (SCSA®) and plasma and acrosome membrane integrity (eosin/nigrosin and fast green/rose Bengal stains, respectively). The Control group (1814.4 ± 197.2) presented the highest rates of lipid peroxidation at 120 h. Conversely, progressive motility (42.8 ± 4%), linearity (45.4 ± 1%), and VAP (88 ± 3%) were higher in the Control group. In addition, there was lower mitochondrial activity in the Control group at 72 h. Therefore, our data show that lecithin used at these concentrations was not able to maintain sperm viability at as high qualities as would egg yolk. Moreover, the decrease in high mitochondrial activity and the persistence of sperm motility may indicate a compensatory mechanism in canine spermatozoa (i.e., glycolytic pathway). Furthermore, these higher lipid peroxidation indexes could indicate the necessity for future therapy using extenders and antioxidants over a long cooling time for dog sperm.

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