scholarly journals Pemanfaatan tanaman sorgum sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia di lahan kering

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Harmini Harmini
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Feed Source

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to review the use of sorghum as a feed source for ruminants that it can developed on dry land.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results</strong><strong>: </strong>Sorghum is a cereals that can grow on dry land. Sorghum is source of food, biofuel and animal feed. Sorghum plants have high nutritional value and can replace other feed sources, because they have a high chemical composition, vitamins, minerals, and energy content. Sorghum contains crude protein, fat and ash 9.9; 2.7 and 11.45% respectively. In fresh conditions, sorghum leaves and stems cannot last long, therefore it can be stored in silage to extend their shelf life so that they can be used in the dry season.Feeding leaves, straw, byproducts with sorghum have been positively influenced such as increased antilmytic effect in sheep, feed consumption, digestibility in livestock, rumen fermentation, VFA, pH-rumen, digestibility and feed efficiency of the feed of the animal also meat and milk production of goats.<strong></strong></p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sorghum is potentially produced as a feed source for ruminants due to good nutritional content and can be developed in dry land.

FEED CONSUMPTION AND GROWTH OF DAIRY HEIFER AND BULL CALVES FED CALF STARTERS DIFFERING IN PROTEIN CONTENT

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. JONES ◽  
L. P. JACOBS ◽  
L. J. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Four groups of five Holstein heifer calves were fed calf starter ad libitum from the 5th through the 16th wk. Diets differed in crude protein (CP) content (9.3, 17.8, and 22.2% CP) and were compared to a 21% CP, high-fat milk replacer (HFMR) during 28-day periods. Voluntary intake was not affected by starter CP content. However, increasing dietary CP content increased gains and feed efficiency. Gains were similar between the high-protein starter and the HFMR. When calves in one group received a different starter each day, voluntary consumption of the low-protein starter was reduced. In the second experiment, the HFMR and a starter containing either 10.6, 15.3, or 22.8% CP were fed to Holstein bull calves from wk 2 through 4. The starters were each fed for 21-day periods to each group of calves after weaning from HFMR. A fourth group received a starter of different CP content each day. A fifth group received only HFMR for the entire period. After the 4th wk, calves fed HFMR consumed less dry matter (DM) but gained weight most rapidly. Average daily gains were increased by the medium- and high- over the low-protein calf starter (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency was subsequently reduced by this diet. A ration containing no more than 18% CP was satisfactory for dairy-replacement heifers. However, additional studies should examine the feasibility of marketing 136-kg calves on high-energy calf starters.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nutrient and antioxidant activity on steam blanching of Moringa oleifera leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 04016
Author(s):  
Ryzal Satria Aditama ◽  
Heri Ahmad Sukria ◽  
Rita Mutia
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves

Moringa oleifera is a plant that has high nutritional content. Post-harvest treatment take effect in improving product quality. This study was carried out to evaluate nutrient and antioxidant activity of steam blanched moringa oleifera leaves. Sample of moringa oleifera were prepared where the temperature 80°C in ±5 minutes for the steam blanched. The fresh M. oleifera and steam blanched M. oleifera leaves dried at 60°C were analyzed for their proximate, mineral, total phenol, total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity contents. The analysis revealed that steam blanched leaves contained more dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, phenolic total, and flavonoid than unblanched leaves. Therefore, its less fibre and mineral. This study showed steam blanching can serve as alternative post-harvest treatment to increase nutritional value of moringa oleifera leaves.

scholarly journals Selecting squash (Cucurbita sp.) introductions by seed nutritional quality and seed meal

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
Sanín Ortiz-Grisales ◽  
Magda-Piedad Valdés-Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Whole Seed

Squash (Cucurbita sp.) is widely used in Colombia as both food and animal feed. However, its seeds are discarded. This study  aimed to identify squash genotypes with a high nutritional value in the whole seed meal (WSM) and defatted seed meal (DSM) within a group of 19 introductions (14 of Cucurbita moschata and 5 of C. sororia). For WSM, 70% of the introductions presented above-average values for extract (36.9%) and crude protein (26.34%); the fiber values were 20.34% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 13% acid detergent fiber (ADF). For DSM, 57% of the introductions presented above-average crude protein (43.5%) and 52% above-average crude energy values (4078 cal g-1).  Based on the relative feed value (RFV), introductions 1229, 1200, 1201, 1219 and 1206 were selected for WSM, and 1206 1229, 932, 1200, 786 and 954 were selected for DSM. In the selected C. moschata introductions, parents with general and specific combining abilities for ether extract and crude protein in WSM or high RFV in DSM should be identified. C. soraria introductions 1202 and 954 should be used in crosses that aim to obtain F2 segregants for seeds with a high oil content and high RFV in DSM.

scholarly journals Utilization of Soursop (Annona muricta) Flour for the Production of Chin-Chin

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
N.J. Deedam ◽  
M.A. China ◽  
H.I. Wachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Protein Energy

The present study was aimed at utilizing soursop flour for the production of chin-chin. Soursop (SS) was processed to flour. Chin-chin was prepared from blends of wheat and soursop flours using 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 of wheat flour to soursop flour (SSF), and 100% wheat flour as control. Proximate and sensory analysis of the chin-chin was determined using standard methods. The samples were also stored for 3 weeks and evaluated at weekly intervals for total bacterial and fungal counts. Proximate composition of the chin-chin revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in ash (0.42-0.96%), fat (33.31-39.29%), crude protein (5.32-7.94% protein), crude fibre (0.95-1.12%), and moisture content (4.85-7.65%) with a decrease in carbohydrate content (55.14-42.94%) as substitution of soursop flour increased. Energy content decreased as substitution of soursop flour increased, but beyond 30%, level, the energy content was observed to increase significantly. Substitution of soursop flour with wheat flour at the level of 10% compared favorably with the control sample suggesting that acceptable chin-chin could be produced at SSF substitution of up to 10%. The samples presented adequate microbiological conditions after storage of 3 weeks with counts ranging from 5.20×103-7.00×104cfu/g and 4.00×104-6.00×104cfu/g, for total bacterial and fungal counts, respectively. The study therefore showed that soursop can be utilized for the development of chin-chin with improved nutritional value over 100% wheat flour thereby serving as a nutritious household food which will help address the problem of protein-energy malnutrition.

FEEDING VALUE OF PURPLE 606-A, C. W. RED SPRING AND WHITE 607-A WHEAT CULTIVARS COMPARED TO CORN IN BROILER RATIONS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
R. J. GRÉGOIRE ◽  
G. J. BRISSON ◽  
G. J. ST-LAURENT ◽  
R. J. BELZILE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen

A factorial experiment (3 × 5) lasting 8 wk was conducted with Hubbard male broiler chicks to compare the nutritive value of rations containing three wheat cultivars, namely Purple 606-A, C. W. Red Spring and White 607-A, in five corn:wheat combinations in the respective proportions of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. Although the calculated crude protein and energy content of the rations were similar, body weight and feed efficiency of chickens were markedly influenced by two of the wheat cultivars studied and by the proportions of these cultivars in the rations. Performance of birds fed the rations based on White 607-A was similar to that of birds fed corn, even when wheat constituted the sole feed grain. By contrast, birds fed the rations based on Purple 606-A and C. W. Red Spring had significantly [Formula: see text] lower body weight and feed efficiency than those fed rations containing high proportions of corn or any of the rations based on White 607-A. The concentration of lysine and methionine in the high protein wheat cultivars (Purple 606-A and C. W. Red Spring) was markedly lower than that in White 607-A. Furthermore, amino acid analyses showed a greater content of nonprotein nitrogen in Purple 606-A and C. W. Red Spring as compared to White 607-A and corn. These observations suggest that the lower performance of chicks fed the high protein wheat rations may have been related to their amino acid profile as well as the greater amount of soybean meal needed to make the rations of equal crude protein content.

The nutritional value for meat chickens of water-damaged wheat from temporary bulk stores in Queensland

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF Mannion ◽  
BJ Blaney ◽  
MS Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
And Control

The nutritional value of water-damaged wheat and free-flowing wheat from temporary bulk stores at Goondiwindi was determined. Each was fed to meat chickens as the sole grain component or combined in several proportions, and compared with a control wheat in diets of similar nutrient composition. In addition, the nutrient composition of water-damaged and free-flowing wheat from temporary stores at Meeandarra, Thallon, Jandowae and Millmerran in southern Queensland was determined.A progressive reduction in the ratio of total amino acids to crude protein (0.98-0-70 w/w) and innitrogen-free extract (789-685 g kg-1 dry matter) was associated with increasing severity of water damage. Ether extract and gross energy contents of the dry matter were low in water-damaged wheat from all sites, but only the wheat with the most damage had a lower metabolizable energy content (12.99 versus 14.12 MJ kg-1) in the dry matter and as a proportion of gross energy (71% versus 76%) than free-flowing wheat from the same site.The three diets containing high levels of rotten (two diets) and severely water-damaged wheat (one diet) resulted in an average liveweight gain (26.1 g day-1) and feed conversion (1.86) which was poorer than that of the free-flowing wheat (28.1 g day-1, 1.59) and the average of other less water-damaged wheat treatments (29.7 g day-1, 1.57). The higher average liveweight gain of the latter treatments relative to the free-flowing wheat and control (27.3 g day-1) treatments was significant but was not reflected in better feed conversion. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals ADDITION OF TOFU WASTE TO CONCENTRAT FEED ON RUMINANT ANIMAL VALUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Engkus Ainul Yakin ◽  
Sri Sukaryani ◽  
Catur Suci Purwati ◽  
Desi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ruminant Animal ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of tofu waste in concentrate feed on the nutritional value of ruminant animal feed. Concentrate feed used in this study uses concentrated feed for sheep. Tofu waste was obtained from the place of making tofu in Girimarto sub-district, Wonogiri Regency. The research method used was concentrate feed for sheep given the addition of tofu waste. The study used 3 treatments namely T0 = Concentrate without the addition of tofu waste (control), T1 = Concentrate with 10% tofu waste addition, and T2 = Concentrate with 20% tofu waste addition. The results of the study were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the nutritional value of sheep feed. The study was designed with a completely randomized design. Observation parameters of nutritional value of feed include dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and in vitro digestibility. The results showed that dry matter content was 78.54 ± 0.23% and crude protein was 16.63 ± 0.46% with the addition of tofu waste until 20% showed a significant difference, whereas crude fiber was 20.37 ± 0.48 % showed no significant difference, while the dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility  showed no significant difference. The conclusion of this study was the addition of tofu waste in the concentrate had an effect on the dry matter and crude protein, but not significantly different on crude fiber. The addition of tofu waste to the concentrate did not affect the digestibility of dry matter or the digestibility of organic matter.Key words : Animal feed, concentrate,  in vitro digestibility, tofu waste

scholarly journals Valorisation of food waste as new raw materials in broiler feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Latifa Mechkirrou ◽  
Mohammed Ouhssine ◽  
Mohamed El Amine Afilal
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Consumption Index ◽  
Feed Source ◽  
Broiler Feed

In Morocco, the food waste fraction constitutes a large part of the total municipal solid waste generated. In order to promote this fraction as a feed source for poultry, a study was carried out to evaluate its digestive and metabolic effects, as well as its nutritional value on broilers. Indeed, comparative tests were carried out on two separate batches of small broilers fed, successively, with a commercial compound feed (CCF), and a feed prepared in the laboratory using kitchen waste as a substitute (LPF). The results obtained throughout the rearing period revealed the feasibility of the valorization of food waste as a substitute promoted in the poultry feed sector. In addition, the prefabricated feeds gave the same feed consumption index (1.03), compared to the commercial compound feed applied in the same rearing farm, while the weight gain index results were more advantageous for FPL. The study demonstrates the valorisation of feed waste as a new substitute for poultry feed.

EFFECTS OF LEVELS OF DRIED APPLE POMACE IN SWINE RATIONS ON GROWTH RATE, FEED EFFICIENCY, CARCASS QUALITY AND SIZE OF CERTAIN ORGANS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Bowden ◽  
J. C. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Daily Gain

Two experiments, involving 84 Yorkshire feeder pigs, were conducted to test rations containing various levels of dried apple pomace. In the first experiment dried apple pomace was used at levels of 0,10,20, and 30 per cent by weight of the ration and in the second experiment at 0,20, and 40 per cent.At pomace levels up to 20 per cent no significant change occurred in daily gain, dressing percentage, carcass quality or weight of heart, liver, spleen or small intestine, in either experiment. In the second experiment, there was significantly greater feed consumption per unit of gain, heavier large intestine and lighter stomach at the 20 per cent pomace level. Increasing the pomace level to 40 per cent resulted in significantly slower growth, lower dressing percentage, greater feed consumption per unit gain, leaner carcass, heavier liver, lighter stomach, and heavier large intestine.In the second experiment, an estimated difference of 2–3 per cent crude protein in the two rations fed at each pomace level had no significant effect on any of the characteristics or organs studied.

The nutrition of the early weaned lamb. IV. Effects on growth rate, food utilization and body composition of changing from a low to a high protein diet

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
D. A. Grubb ◽  
K. Pennie
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Feed Conversion

SummaryAbout sixty male lambs were fed ad libitum from 6 weeks of age on low- or highprotein diets based on barley or barley and fishmeal and containing respectively 120 and 200 g crude protein/kg dry matter. Some lambs were changed from one diet to the other when they reached 28 kg live weight. All were slaughtered as they attained a predetermined series of live weights ranging from 20 to 75 kg.Throughout the experiment, rates of live-weight gain were substantially higher with the high-protein (HP) than with the low-protein (LP) diet, but were highest after a change from low to high protein (LHP). The feed consumption of the LHP lambs did not exceed that of the HP lambs, but the former showed a substantial superiority in feed conversion ratio at the same live weight.At similar empty body weights, the LP lambs contained more fat and less water in the empty body than the HP lambs. Although the percentage differences decreased at higher weights, differences were still apparent at 70 kg live weight.The LHP lambs showed dramatic and rapid changes in body composition, particularly in water and fat content. By 40 kg live weight, their composition approached that of the HP lambs.The ratio of water to protein was consistently lower for the LP lambs. The ratio of protein to ash also differed between LP and HP lambs. It was initially highest for the HP lambs, at about 40 kg live weight it was the same, and at 70 kg live weight it was highest for the LP lambs.The ash content of the LHP lambs remained virtually constant during the period of rapid growth and rapid deposition of water, protein and fat which took place immediately after the change of diet, and only showed compensatory increases after 35 kg live weight. This finding was supported by the pattern of changes in weight and specific gravity of the femur and tibia + fibula.Use was made of separate relationships between live weight and body composition for the LP, HP and LHP lambs to estimate rates of accretion of crude protein, fat and water in the empty body. There was a particularly striking increase in the rate of accretion of water immediately following the change of diet. There was an increase in the water content of empty-body gain and a reduction in the ratio of gain in fat to gain in protein.Derived estimates of the ratio of metabolizable energy intake above maintenance to the energy content of empty-body gain gave some suggestion of an improvement in efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy for gain following the change from low to high protein. It is concluded however that the improvement in food conversion ratio following the change is attributable mostly to difference in the composition of gain.

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