scholarly journals Characterization and metal loading capacity of humic acids derived from composted rice straw and olive pomace affected by the humification degree

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed Mahmoud Mostafa ◽  
Abdel Samad Salem Ismail Hegazy ◽  
Osama Mohamed Fathy El-Sedfy ◽  
Zeinab Mostafa Abd El-Rhaman
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Metal Loading ◽  
Maximum Loading ◽  
Humification Degree ◽  
The Impact

<p>Laboratory study was performed to assess the impact of humification degree of humic acids isolated from composted rice straw (RS) and olive pomace (OP) on the metal loading capacity of extracted humic acids with Fe, Mn and Zn at different pH values (4, 5 and 6). The results revealed that the highest values of total acidity, carboxyl and phenolic-OH groups were achieved by HA-c extracted from compost C. Both HA-c and FA-c realized more pronounced values of total carbon and nitrogen content. Adversely, HA-c and FA-c achieved less pronounced values of oxygen and hydrogen as well as H/C, O/C and C/N atomic ratios. The loading capacity of Fe<sup>+2</sup> reached to optimum values at pH 5 for all studied humic acids. While the maximum loading capacity of Mn<sup>+2</sup> or Zn<sup>+2</sup> was achieved at pH 6. In this respect, the maximum loading capacity of Fe<sup>+2</sup>, Mn<sup>+2</sup> and Zn<sup>+2 </sup>were obtained for HA-c followed by HA-d.</p>

scholarly journals Surface Activity of Humic Acids Depending on Their Origin and Humification Degree

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Māris Klaviņš ◽  
Oskars Purmalis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Humic Materials ◽  
Humification Degree ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Humic substances are able to reduce the surface tension of their solutions and thus can act as surface-active substances in the natural environment, which may have industrial application. The ability to influence the surface tension of humic acid solutions depends on the origin of the humic acids. The objective of this study was comparison of the ability of humic acids of different origin (soil, water, peat, lignite etc.) to influence the surface tension of their solutions, and identification of the structural characteristics of peat humic acids that determine their surfactant properties. Industrially produced humic materials demonstrated no or insignificant impact on the surface tension of their solutions. However, humic acids isolated from peat had significant impact of the surface tension of their solutions, acting as weak surfactants. The surface tension of humic acid solutions decreased with increasing concentration, and depended on solution pH. Using a well-characterised bog profile, the ability to influence the surface tension of peat humic acids was shown to depend on age and humification degree. With increase of the humification degree and age, molecular complexity of humic acids and their ability to influence surface tension decreased; but nevertheless, the impact of the biological precursor (peat-forming bryophytes and plants) could be identified.

scholarly journals HUMIC ACIDS OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF RENDZINA SOILS IN DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF SERBIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svjetlana Radmanović ◽  
Nataša Nikolić ◽  
Aleksandar Đorđević
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Temperature Variance ◽  
Humification Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Altitudes

This study examined the impact of climate, altitude and landforms on humic acids (HA) opticalproperties (E4/E6, ΔlogK, RF indexes) in Serbian Rendzina soils. HA humification degree of calcareousand decarbonated Rendzinas under natural vegetation (forest and grassland, separately) decreased withaltitude increasing. This particular rule was not manifested in arable Rendzinas. HA humificationdegree in Rendzinas on flat positions (hilltop and footslope) is significantly higher than in Rendzinas onslope sides. Humification degree of HA is the highest in Rendzinas in eastern Serbia (in the vicinity ofNegotin), followed by central Serbia (Sumadija) and Srem, southeast and finally, southeast andsouthwest Serbia. With respect to the climate change foreseen for the end of this century, i.e. increase ofprecipitation and temperature variance among the regions in Serbia, also an increase in variance ofquality of humic acids in Rendzinas on different altitudes and regions can be expected.

Changes in the Humic Acid–Metal Complexation Characteristics Depending on Humification Degree / Humīnskābju – Metālu Kompleksveidošanās Rakstura Izmaiņas Atkarībā No Humifikācijas Pakāpes

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-237
Author(s):  
D. Dudare ◽  
M. Klavins
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Stability Constants ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Complex Stability ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Raised Bog ◽  
Complexing Capacity ◽  
Humification Degree ◽  
Complexation Process ◽  
Complex Stability Constants

The aim of this study is to determine the Cu(II) complexing capacity and stability constants of Cu(II) complexes of humic acids isolated from two well-characterized raised bog peat profiles in respect to the basic properties and humification characteristics of the studied peats and their humic acids. The complex stability constants significantly change within the studied bog profiles and are well correlated with the age and decomposition degree of the peat layer from which the humic acids have been isolated. Among factors that influence this complexation process, molecular mass and ability to form micellar structures (supramolecules) of humic substances are of key importance.

scholarly journals Carbon Dynamics in the Northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau from 1990 to 2030 Using Landsat Land Use/Cover Change Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingye Li ◽  
Jian Gong ◽  
Jean-Michel Guldmann ◽  
Shicheng Li ◽  
Jie Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Qinghai Lake ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact

Land use/cover change (LUCC) has an important impact on the terrestrial carbon cycle. The spatial distribution of regional carbon reserves can provide the scientific basis for the management of ecosystem carbon storage and the formulation of ecological and environmental policies. This paper proposes a method combining the CA-based FLUS model and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model to assess the temporal and spatial changes in ecosystem carbon storage due to land-use changes over 1990–2015 in the Qinghai Lake Basin (QLB). Furthermore, future ecosystem carbon storage is simulated and evaluated over 2020–2030 under three scenarios of natural growth (NG), cropland protection (CP), and ecological protection (EP). The long-term spatial variations in carbon storage in the QLB are discussed. The results show that: (1) Carbon storage in the QLB decreased at first (1990–2000) and increased later (2000–2010), with total carbon storage increasing by 1.60 Tg C (Teragram: a unit of mass equal to 1012 g). From 2010 to 2015, carbon storage displayed a downward trend, with a sharp decrease in wetlands and croplands as the main cause; (2) Under the NG scenario, carbon reserves decrease by 0.69 Tg C over 2020–2030. These reserves increase significantly by 6.77 Tg C and 7.54 Tg C under the CP and EP scenarios, respectively, thus promoting the benign development of the regional ecological environment. This study improves our understanding on the impact of land-use change on carbon storage for the QLB in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP).

scholarly journals Consumption of Enriched Yogurt with PAF Inhibitors from Olive Pomace Affects the Major Enzymes of PAF Metabolism: A Randomized, Double Blind, Three Arm Trial

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
Maria Detopoulou ◽  
Agathi Ntzouvani ◽  
Filio Petsini ◽  
Labrini Gavriil ◽  
Εlizabeth Fragopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Catabolic Enzymes ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a proinflammatory lipid mediator, plays a crucial role in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, the inhibition of endothelium inflammation by nutraceuticals, such as PAF inhibitors, is a promising alternative for preventing cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a new functional yogurt enriched with PAF inhibitors of natural origin from olive oil by-products on PAF metabolism. Ninety-two apparently healthy, but mainly overweight volunteers (35–65 years) were randomly allocated into three groups by block-randomization. The activities of PAF’s biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes were measured, specifically two isoforms of acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (LPCATs), cytidine 5′-diphospho-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) and two isoforms of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in leucocytes (PAF-AH) and plasma (lipoprotein associated phospholipase-A2, LpPLA2). The intake of the enriched yogurt resulted in reduced PAF-CPT and LpPLA2 activities. No difference was observed in the activities of the two isoforms of lyso PAF-AT. In conclusion, intake of yogurt enriched in PAF inhibitors could favorably modulate PAF biosynthetic and catabolic pathways.

scholarly journals The influence of biochar on the content of carbon and the chemical transformations of fallow and grassland humic acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Cybulak ◽  
Zofia Sokołowska ◽  
Patrycja Boguta
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Humification Degree

AbstractThere is limited information regarding the effect of biochar (BioC) on the fertility of fallow and grassland soils, as well as on the properties of their humic acids (HAs). The objective of this study was to evaluate with a 3-year field experiment the influence of BioC on the organic matter (OM) in Haplic Luvisol. BioC (obtained via wood waste pyrolysis at 650 °C) was applied to the soil of subplots under fallow and grassland at doses of 0, 1, 2 and 3 kg m−2. The soil samples were collected eight times. The physicochemical properties were determined for the soil and BioC by analysing the density, pH, surface charge, ash, and organic carbon content. Based on the changes in the structure of the HAs and their quantity in the soils, the chemical properties of the HAs were determined. The maximum BioC dose caused an increase in the content of Corg and HAs. BioC did not influence the humification degree coefficients of the HAs originated from fallow, whereas in the grassland, there were significant changes observed in these coefficient values, indicating that BioC may stimulate and accelerate the humification process of soil HAs. Increasing the BioC doses caused an increase in the soil’s HA content, suggesting an increase in soil sorption capacity. The fluorescence data showed BioC addition to the soil caused an increase in the number of structures characterised by low molecular weight and a low degree of humification.

The impact of fibropapillomatosis on clinical characteristics, blood gas, plasma biochemistry, and hematological profiles in juvenile green turtles ( Chelonia mydas)

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-734
Author(s):  
Tsung-Hsien Li ◽  
Chao-Chin Chang
Keyword(s):  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumor- forming disease that afflicts all marine turtles and is the most common in green turtles (Chelonia mydas). In this study, the morphometric characteristics, blood gas, biochemistry, and hematological profiles of 28 (6 FP-positive and 22 FP-negative) green turtles from the coast of Taiwan were investigated. The results indicated that body weight ( P < 0.001) and curved carapace length (CCL; P < 0.001) in green turtles with FP were significantly higher than in turtles without FP. Furthermore, green turtles with FP had a significantly lower value of hemoglobin (HB; P = 0.010) and packed cell volume (PCV; P = 0.005) than turtles without FP. Blood cell counts of white blood cells (WBC; P = 0.008) and lymphocytes ( P = 0.022) were observed with significant difference; green turtles with FP had lower counts than turtles without FP. In addition, turtles with FP had significantly higher pH ( P = 0.036), base excess in extracellular fluid (BEecf; P = 0.012), bicarbonate (HCO3– ; P = 0.008), and total carbon dioxide (TCO2 ; P = 0.025) values than turtles without FP. The findings of this study provide valuable clinical parameters for the medical care of the species in sea turtle rehabilitation centers and help us to understand the physiological response of green turtles to different tumor-forming conditions.

The impact of aerobic pretreatment of agro and industrial wastes on their biomethanation potential in Nisargruna technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 548-556
Author(s):  
Shubhada Nayak ◽  
Madhuri Sahasrabuddhe ◽  
Sharad Kale
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Downward Displacement ◽  
Complex Polymers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Anaerobic digestion is among the essential biological techniques used for stabilization of organic sludge from sewage and highly concentrated efflu-ents from food processing industries. It also recycles the municipal solid wastes into compost with simultaneous production of methane. The current study was performed to estimate the biomethanation potential of various agro- and industrial wastes like Jatropha de-oil cake, prawn shells, chicken feathers, bagasse, rice straw and wheat husk by mimicking the conditions in the biphasic Nisargruna biogas plant. A small volume of samples was chemi-cally characterized and allowed to decompose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to determine the effect of aerobic predigestion (i.e. phase 1 of Nisargruna plant) on final methane production. The biogas produced was quantified by downward displacement of water. The observations indicated that approximately 60-80% methane was produced when Jatropha de-oil cake, prawn shells and rice straw was used. Conversely, the wheat straw and sugarcane wastes showed less methane formation, which may be due to the presence of complex polymers like lignocellulose and silica that considerably reduces the metabolic potential of microorganisms.

Effects of organic matter and time of incorporation on root development of tropical maize seedlings

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
U. Sangakkara ◽  
S. Nissanka ◽  
P. Stamp
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
The Impact

Smallholders in the tropics add different organic materials to their crops at different times, based on the availability of materials and labour. However, the time of application could have an effect on the establishment and early growth of crops, especially their root systems, which has not yet been clearly identified. This paper presents the results of a study conducted under greenhouse conditions using soils from a field treated with three organic materials at 4 or 2 weeks before or at the planting of maize seeds, corresponding to the times that tropical smallholders apply these materials. The organic materials used were leaves of Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia or rice straw, incorporated at a rate equivalent to 6 Mt ha −1 . A control treatment where no organic matter was added was used for comparison. The impact of the treatments on soil properties at the planting of maize seed and detailed root analysis based on root lengths were carried out until the last growth stage (V4). The addition of organic matter improved the soil characteristics, and the impact of adding Gliricidia leaves was most pronounced when incorporated 2 weeks before planting. The benefits of leaves of Tithonia or rice straw on soil quality parameters were clearly evident when added 4 weeks before planting. Organic matter enhanced the root number, root length, root growth rate and branching indices. All the organic materials suppressed the growth of maize roots when applied at planting, suggesting the existence of allelopathic effects, which could result in poor growth. The most benefits in terms of root growth were observed with Tithonia .

scholarly journals Fossil and non-fossil source contributions to atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols during extreme spring grassland fires in Eastern Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 5513-5529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Ulevicius ◽  
Steigvilė Byčenkienė ◽  
Carlo Bozzetti ◽  
Athanasia Vlachou ◽  
Kristina Plauškaitė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Nitrogen Isotopes ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Pmf Model ◽  
Source Contributions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In early spring the Baltic region is frequently affected by high-pollution events due to biomass burning in that area. Here we present a comprehensive study to investigate the impact of biomass/grass burning (BB) on the evolution and composition of aerosol in Preila, Lithuania, during springtime open fires. Non-refractory submicron particulate matter (NR-PM1) was measured by an Aerodyne aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) and a source apportionment with the multilinear engine (ME-2) running the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to the organic aerosol fraction to investigate the impact of biomass/grass burning. Satellite observations over regions of biomass burning activity supported the results and identification of air mass transport to the area of investigation. Sharp increases in biomass burning tracers, such as levoglucosan up to 683 ng m−3 and black carbon (BC) up to 17 µg m−3 were observed during this period. A further separation between fossil and non-fossil primary and secondary contributions was obtained by coupling ACSM PMF results and radiocarbon (14C) measurements of the elemental (EC) and organic (OC) carbon fractions. Non-fossil organic carbon (OCnf) was the dominant fraction of PM1, with the primary (POCnf) and secondary (SOCnf) fractions contributing 26–44 % and 13–23 % to the total carbon (TC), respectively. 5–8 % of the TC had a primary fossil origin (POCf), whereas the contribution of fossil secondary organic carbon (SOCf) was 4–13 %. Non-fossil EC (ECnf) and fossil EC (ECf) ranged from 13–24 and 7–13 %, respectively. Isotope ratios of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were used to distinguish aerosol particles associated with solid and liquid fossil fuel burning.

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