scholarly journals EFFECT OF LIGNOSELULOLITIC FUNGUS TO ENZIMATIC ACTIVITY, FIBER FRCTION, AND DIGESTIBILITY ON FERMENTATION PROCESS OF COCOA POD

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Engkus Ainul Yakin ◽  
Zaenal Bachruddin ◽  
Ristianto Utomo ◽  
Ria Millati
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Fraction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Range Test

The study was conducted to determine the enzyme activity, fiber fraction and digestibility in the fermentation process of cocoa pod. The substrate was used the cocoa pod while the fungi used Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus and Schizophyllum commune. Preparation of cocoa pod was chopped, finely ground and then dried. Preparation of fungi by growing fungi in liquid medium. Research methodology was the fermentation conducted with different fungi used four treatments and five replications. T1 = fermentation of cocoa pod without fungi addition, T2 = fermentation of cocoa pod with P. chrysosporium addition, T3 = fermentation of cocoa pod with  P. ostreatus addition, and T4 = fermentation of cocoa pod with S. commune. Fermentation used Erlenmeyer 250 ml and weight of cocoa pod was 100 gram. Fungi added on 5% from substrat weight bassis dry matter. Variables observed was enzyme activity, fiber fraction and digestibility . This study was designed using research design completely randomized design with a unidirectional pattern analysis of variance. Significant variables followed Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed fermentation used P. chrysosporium has highest lignin peroxidase enzyme activity of 0.52±0.04 U/mL and mangan peroxidase 0.06±0.00 U/mL, neutral detergent fiber 75,54±0,41%, acid detergent fiber 68,10±0,30%, lignin 26,86±0,19%, cellulose 27,17±0,25%, hemicellulose 6,77±0,52%, dry matter digestibility 69,70±0,43% and organic matter digestibility 69,59±1,03%. The conclusion from this research that the fermentation by using fungi P. chrysosporium addition has the best result to degradated lignin. 

scholarly journals Nutrient content, fiber fraction and ethanol production of three cultivars (Pennisetum purpureum Scumach.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Nafiatul Umami ◽  
Dwi Ananta ◽  
Zaenal Bachruddin ◽  
Bambang Suhartanto ◽  
Chusnul Hanim
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Fiber Fraction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Range Test

This study aimed to determine nutrient content, fiber fraction, and ethanol production of three cultivars Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Cultivars: tifton, king Thailand and local. The design of this study completed a randomized design of three Pennisetum purpureum Schumach cultivars, with three replications for each dose.Grasses were planted with space 1x1 m and then divided into three plots. Variables observed in the study included nutrient content (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, and nitrogen-free extract), fiber fraction (crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) and ethanol production. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance as completed randomized design and continued with Duncan’s new multiple range test for any difference detected. The results showed that cultivar’s variety of napiergrass was significant (P<0.05) on dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ethanol production. King Thailand produced the highest dry matter (20.82%), crude protein (11.85%), neutral detergent fiber (69.55%), and ethanol production (55, 90 l/ton). Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that napiergrass cultivars give different results on dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ethanol production. The best cultivar is King Thailand because it has the highest value on dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and ethanol production.

scholarly journals Production and quality of Tifton 85 pastures overseeded with black oat: effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2071
Author(s):  
João De Assis Farias Filho ◽  
Fabiana Luiza Matielo de Paula ◽  
Adalberto Luiz de Paula ◽  
Wagner Paris ◽  
Fabrício Ghinzelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dead Material

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the bromatological quality, forage production, and botanical and structural composition of Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) pastures overseeded with black oat (Avena strigosa). Four treatments were evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme (irrigated and non-irrigated × fertilized and non-fertilized), with three replicates, in a completely randomized design. In irrigated paddocks, the irrigation system was activated when the soil matric potential reached a value equal to, or higher than, 10 kPa and 135 kg N ha-1 was applied to fertilized paddocks, divided into four applications. The forage mass pre- and post-grazing, total forage production, and the botanical, structural, and bromatological composition of the pastures were evaluated. No interaction was observed between the irrigation and nitrogen fertilization factors for any of the variables and no significant differences were observed in forage mass between pre- and post-grazing or in Tifton leaf and stem percentages. Nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on forage production, which was 2626.41 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1 higher in fertilized pastures than in unfertilized pastures. In addition, fertilization resulted in a lower percentage of dead material (6.66%), higher percentage of oat leaves (30.84%), higher leaf:stem ratio (1:45), higher crude protein content (24.13%), lower levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (64.57%) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (32.86%), and higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (73.01%) than in unfertilized pastures. The use of irrigation did not influence total forage production, however, it resulted in pastures with lower NDF (65.97%) and ADF (33.54%), and higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (73.48%) than unirrigated pastures. Nitrogen fertilization produced improvements in pasture structure, associated with higher dry matter yield and bromatological quality, while irrigation only produced pastures with lower fiber content and greater digestibility.

scholarly journals Fermentative characteristics and nutritional value of elephant grass silage added with dehydrated banana peel

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Maria Santos Brant ◽  
Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
Dorismar David Alves ◽  
Mateus Alves Macedo Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inclusion Level

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fermentative losses and nutritional value of elephant grass silages with the increasing of inclusion levels of dehydrated banana peel. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and four replications, being the silage exclusively from elephant grass, and five levels of inclusion of banana peel to the elephant grass silage, as the following - 5; 10; 15; 20 and 25%, being added based on natural matter. The addition of the banana peel in the silage reduced linearly (p < 0.05) the pH, the ammoniacal nitrogen and the losses of the fermentative process. In addition, the inclusion of banana peel increased linearly (p < 0.05) the dry matter and non-fibrous carbohydrates. On the other hand, the neutral detergent fiber and the acid detergent fiber were linearly reduced with the inclusion of the banana peel (p < 0.05), but there was no change in the dry matter digestibility in situ. The inclusion of dehydrated banana peel in elephant grass silage reduces the losses of the fermentation process with more consistent results at the 25% inclusion level, however, it reduces the silage nutritional value due to fibrous and protein quality. 

scholarly journals Chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of elephant grass silage with biodiesel industry co-products

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-723
Author(s):  
Eric Haydt Castello Branco van Cleef ◽  
José Cleto da Silva Filho ◽  
Arnaldo Prata Neiva Júnior ◽  
René Maurício Patiño Pardo ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three concentrations (3, 6, and 9%) of forage turnip (Raphanus sativus) and physic nut (Jatropha curcas) cakes on dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen contents, in vitro dry matter digestibility, pH values and concentrations of N-NH3 in elephant grass silages. It was used an entirely randomized design in factorial arrangement [(2×3)+1]. Experimental PVC silos were used and ensiled material was kept for 62 days. The addition of cakes increased the dry matter contents (P<0.05). The fibrous fractions were reduced (P<0.05) with the inclusion of cakes during the grass ensilage and the CP contents increased (P<0.05). The forage turnip cake provided the same pH and N-NH3 values in ideal levels and the physic nut, added to 9%, increased those values (P<0.05). IVDMD was reduced (P<0.05) when the cakes were added. These co-products can be used in small amounts for elephant grass ensilage in order to provide improvement in chemical and fermentation characteristics of the silages. Nevertheless, physic nut cake shows limitations for its use in animal feeding due to the presence of toxic compounds, making necessary studies for their identification and elimination.

Production of Jiggs bermudagrass and the impact of quality milk production and quality of Holstein dairy cows under an intermittent grazing system

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Brandstetter ◽  
K.A.P. Costa ◽  
M.A.P. da Silva ◽  
F.R. Araújo Neto ◽  
V.R. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
The Impact

Dairy production plays a fundamental role in the Brazilian economy and high-quality forage is necessary for ruminants to produce satisfactory milk levels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the production and quality of Jiggs bermudagrass and its effects on the production and quality parameters of milk from Holstein cows under an intermittent grazing system throughout the year. The experiment was conducted in a randomized design with the four seasons as treatments, replicated five times. The season had a significant effect on the production and nutritional parameters of Jiggs bermudagrass with the highest total dry matter production observed during summer, followed by spring and fall. The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were significantly higher in winter. The in vitro dry matter digestibility was significantly higher in summer, spring, and fall. Jiggs bermudagrass is a promising forage for the enhancement of milk production under intermittent stocking. However, its effects vary seasonally which exerts a greater influence during the winter, even with irrigation, because it directly affects the milk production and quality. The correlation results demonstrated the importance of better quality forage for increasing milk production without compromising the levels of milk solids.

scholarly journals Application of Selected Inoculant Producing Antifungal and Fibrinolytic Substances on Rye Silage with Different Wilting Time

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Seong-Shin Lee ◽  
Jeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽  
Young-Ho Joo ◽  
Hyuk-Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

This research was conducted to determine the effects of selected inoculant on the silage with different wilting times. The ryes were unwilted or wilted for 12 h. Each rye forage was ensiled for 100 d in quadruplicate with commercial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum sp.; LPT) or selected inoculant (Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 at 1:1 ratio; MIX). In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility were highest in the unwilted MIX silages (p < 0.05), and the concentration of ruminal acetate was increased in MIX silages (p < 0.001; 61.4% vs. 60.3%) by the increase of neutral detergent fiber digestibility. The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was increased in wilted silages (p < 0.001; 34.8% vs. 21.1%). The yeast count was lower in the MIX silages than in the LPT silages (p < 0.05) due to a higher concentration of acetate in MIX silages (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability was highest in the wilted MIX silages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the MIX inoculation increased aerobic stability and improved fiber digestibility. As a result of the wilting process, ammonia-N in silage decreased but ruminal ammonia-N increased. Notably, the wilted silage with applied mixed inoculant had the highest aerobic stability.

EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS OF FORAGES ON POTENTIALLY DIGESTIBLE FIBER, INTAKE, AND TRUE DIGESTIBILITY BY RUMINANTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. GIRARD ◽  
G. DUPUIS
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
True Digestibility

In view of the large variation found in plant cell wall digestibilities with ruminants, an attempt was made to group 124 feeds into different lignification classes (clusters) on the basis of chemical characteristics. Each feed cluster was described using a structural coefficient [Formula: see text] that related the potentially digestible fiber (PDF, %) to the ratio between lignin and cell wall volume. The optimum number of clusters was determined iteratively by performing a regression of the apparent digestibility of dry matter at maintenance level (DDM1, %) against the PDF and cell soluble (SOL, %) contents of feeds. The [Formula: see text] coefficients varied from 0.05 (grains, N = 13) to 1.85 (corn silage, N = 3) and increased with the maturity of the grasses from 0.88 (legumes, vegetative cool season grasses, N = 26) to 1.33 (mature, cool season grasses, N = 19). Predicted PDF were closely correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.01) to in vitro cell wall disappearances (IVCWD). Apparently digestible cell wall in four grasses and four legumes increased linearly with 96-h IVCWD and standard error (SE) was similar to the SE of predicted apparent digestible SOL from SOL concentrations. Assuming that similarity between SE could be also observed in larger samples, PDF and SOL were used in summative equations to predict apparent dry matter digestibility. DDM1 discounted for intake (DDM1 – 4, %) was regressed against SOL and PDF concentrations of 87 feeds:[Formula: see text]with ds and df, the true digestibilities of SOL and PDF. Estimates of ds and df were 0.98 and 0.95 for a zero-production (maintenance) level of intake, and 0.91 and 0.79 for an intake level four times maintenance. Since the true digestibility of the PDF component was only 4% – 13% lower than that of the cell soluble component, the concentration of PDF in cell wall was the major determinant in the variation in apparent digestibility of forages. Key words: lignin, neutral detergent fiber, true digestibility, cluster analysis, feeds

scholarly journals The Effect of Multistage Ammoniation on Fiber Fraction and Digestibility of Maize Stover in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Dakaew ◽  
A. Abrar ◽  
A. Cherdthong
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Fraction ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

The main objective of this experiment was to assess the effect of multistage ammoniation on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover in vitro. Maize stover was treated by a multistage technique of different urea connect ration (8%, 4%, and 2%) and incubation for 14 days at room temperature.Digestibility of NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose, and cellulose, in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), NH3-N, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and pH concentration were observed. However treatment maize stover and multistage ammoniation maize stover were composed by using T-test student as the statistic. There were not significantly different on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover. However, multistage ammoniation decreased ADF fraction by 56.67% to45.39%. The DM digestibility of multistage ammoniation on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover also increased by 35.18 to 45.91. The total VFA and N-ammonia of multistage ammoniation on fiber fraction and digestibility of maize stover also higher than control.Keywords: Ammoniation, Digestibility, in vitro, Maize stover

scholarly journals KECERNAAN IN VITRO SILASE SAMPAH SAYUR DAN DAUN GAMAL MENGGUNAKAN MIKROORGANISME RUMEN KAMBING

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Indrayani Indrayani ◽  
Harapin Hafid ◽  
Dian Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter level waste silage mixed vegetables and Gliricidia leaves were tested in vitro. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Each of these treatments is R0 (Gliricidia leaves 100%), R1 (Gliricidia leaves 70% + 30% silage vegetable waste), and R2 (Gliricidia leaves 40% + 60% silage vegetable waste). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further testing using the test Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). The results of ANOVA showed that the mixture of vegetable waste silage was highly significant (p <0.05) on dry matter digestibility and significantly (p <0.05) on the digestibility of organic matter. It can be concluded that the mixed of vegetable waste silage and Gliricidia leaves can improved digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, treatment of 40% and 60% Gliricidia leaves plus waste vegetable produce silage dry matter digestibility and percentage of organic matter is best (72,24% and 68,19%).Keyword: Silage vegetable waste, gliricidia leaves, dry and organic matter digestibilityABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecenaan bahan kering dan bahan organik tingkat campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal yang diuji secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Masing-masing perlakuan tersebut ialah R0 (daun gamal 100%), R1 (daun gamal 70% + silase sampah sayur 30%), dan R2 (daun gamal 40% + silase sampah sayur 60%). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa campuran silase sampah sayur berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan organik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal dapat meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik, perlakuan 40% daun gamal dan 60% silase sampah sayur menghasilkan persentase kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik yang terbaik yaitu (72,24% dan 68,19%).Kata kunci : Silase sampah sayur, daun gamal, kecernaan bahan kering, dan bahan organik.

scholarly journals Digestibility markers of sheep diets containing hydrolyzed sugarcane-top hay

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Arcanjo MOREIRA FILHO ◽  
Arnaud Azevêdo ALVES ◽  
Bruno Spíndola GARCEZ ◽  
Antonia Leidiana MOREIRA ◽  
Danielle Maria Machado Ribeiro AZEVÊDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Internal Marker ◽  
Male Sheep

SUMMARY This experiment evaluated the correlation between the estimates of fecal digestibility and dry matter digestibility (DMD) and nutrients obtained using internal (indigestibles dry materiDM, neutral detergent fiber-iNDF, acid detergent fiber-iADF and acid detergent ligniniADL) and external (chromium oxide-Cr2O3, titanium dioxide-TiO2, and purified and enriched lignin from eucalyptus-LIPE®) markers and the values obtained by the total feces collection method. Twenty uncastrated male sheep, with 29.64±5.53 kg average live weight; approximately 12 months old, were kept in metabolic cages and fed diets containing untreated sugarcane-top hay or sugarcane-top hay hydrolyzed with 3 and 6% urea or 1.5 and 3% calcium oxide (CaO). There was a positive correlation (P<.05) between the fecal production estimated by the markers and via total feces collection, with coefficients higher than 90% for iDM, Cr2O3, and TiO2. The DMD and nutrients estimated with the use of markers was positively correlated (P<.05) with that obtained by total feces collection. Coefficients of correlation for digestibility obtained by total collection were higher than those obtained with Cr2O3, but close to those obtained using TiO2. The coefficient of correlation between the digestibility of protein and fiber fraction estimated with iDM and iNDF and that obtained by total collection was higher than 70%. Internal marker iDM and external markers Cr2O3 and TiO2 are effective in estimating fecal production and DMD and nutrients.

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