scholarly journals The role of oat products in the prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and obesity*

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Janda ◽  
Anna Orłowska ◽  
Katarzyna Watychowicz ◽  
Karolina Jakubczyk
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Excess Body Weight

A healthy diet, of which unrefined grain products are an essential element, is crucial to maintaining health and well-being. Both oats and oat products have been used for centuries and are a widely popular dietary component. They are rich in nutrients, vitamins and minerals, as well as other biologically active compounds, which gives them many health-promoting properties. Because of their high nutritional value, these products are widely used in many branches of industry.The aim of this article is to present the current body of knowledge about the influence of oat products on human health, and also their industrial applications. A special emphasis is placed on the relationship between the intake of products made from oats and the development and treatment of such disorders as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and excess body weight. There are many scientific reports indicating that the incorporation of oat products into the diet is associated with beneficial effects in the context of the above conditions, notably due to the high content of water-soluble dietary fibre, particularly β-glucans, which deserve special recognition. According to the body of academic literature, high consumption of the latter is linked to enhanced glycemic control, reduction in blood cholesterol and may also contribute to weight loss in overweight and obesity. For these reasons, oat products deserve special attention and should be recommended for both prophylactic and therapeutic use in metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals The Obesity Paradox in Type 2 Diabetes and Mortality

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre K. Tobias ◽  
JoAnn E. Manson
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Methodological Considerations

The obesity paradox for survival among individuals with type 2 diabetes has been observed in some but not all studies. Conflicting evidence for the role of overweight and obesity in all-cause mortality may largely be a result of differences in study populations, epidemiological methods, and statistical analysis. For example, analyses among populations with long-term prevalent diabetes and the accrual of other chronic health conditions are more likely to observe that the sickest participants have lower body weights, and therefore, relative to normal weight, overweight and even obesity appear advantageous. Other mortality risk factors, such as smoking, also confound the relationship between body weight and survival, but this behavior varies widely in intensity and duration, making it difficult to assess and effectively adjust for in statistical models. Disentangling the potential sources of bias is imperative in understanding the relevance of excess body weight to mortality in diabetes. In this review, we summarize methodological considerations underlying the observed obesity paradox. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that the obesity paradox is likely an artifact of biases, and once these are accounted for, it is evident that compared with normal body weight, excess body weight is associated with a greater mortality risk.

scholarly journals Effects of physical activity on anthropometric variables and functional capacity of patients with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Robson Bonoto Teixeira ◽  
Luciana Moreira Lima ◽  
Yuri Lucas Xavier ◽  
Carlos Gabriel de Lade ◽  
Gabriela Fernandes Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus affects current society, and is associated with overweight and obesity. Physical exercise has been showing favorable results in the anthropometric parameters and in the gain of joint flexibility and body mobility in these individuals. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the interference of an exercise program in anthropometric measures, flexibility and body mobility in type 2 diabetics. Method: This is a longitudinal study, performed with 14 type 2 diabetic patients, with a mean age of 55± 9 years, both genders, separated in aerobic group (n=8) and resistance group (n=6). The body mass index, waist circumference, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, fat percentage, limp-femoral flexibility and body mobility were assessed before and after a 10-week period of aerobic or resistance exercises with a weekly frequency of 3 days. Results: For the analysis of the results, it was applied the paired t test (pre x post exercise) and independent t test (aerobic group x resistance group) with significance level of 5%. No significant differences were found in the anthropometric variables in both groups after the 10-week period of supervised training. In relation to the body mobility test, we observed a significant difference in the total sample (p=0.02), in the aerobic group (p=0.02) and in the resistance group (p=0.04). The coxofemoral flexibility test showed significant improvement (p=0.02) in the total sample and clinical improvement in aerobic (p=0.12) and resistance (p=0.09) groups. Conclusion: Both aerobic and resistance training provided positive effects in the coxofemoral flexibility and body mobility tests. In contrast, there was no significant improvement in anthropometric variables after 10 weeks of physical exercise.

Nutrition and Integrative Nursing

2014 ◽  
pp. 160-170
Author(s):  
Laura Sandquist ◽  
Laurie Kubes
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Human Physiology ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Whole Foods

An integrative nursing approach to nutrition respects the beauty with which nature has designed whole foods to deliver nutrients to the body and the way with which the body is designed to accept and utilize those nutrients. Food today is highly processed, genetically modified and contains additives previously unknown to human physiology. A return to eating whole foods found in nature offers potential to decrease rising rates of human disease such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. The impact of assisting individuals to optimize well-being through healthy food choices must be realized. Nutrition from an integrative nursing perspective supports this realization.

IS THERE A CONNECTION BETWEEN PYLORIC HELICOBACTER INFECTION AND METABOLIC DISORDERS?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Serafima V. German ◽  
A. V Modestova ◽  
I. E Zykova ◽  
I. G Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
High Prevalence

Relevance. There are numerous publications of foreign authors about relationship between Pyloric Helicobacter (H. p.) infection with several gastroduodenal diseases, including metabolic disorders. Russia is one of the countries with high prevalence of H. p. infection and metabolic disorders. Determining their relationship is important for both prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders. Purpose - study the possibility of relationship between H. p. infection and type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, overweight and obesity. Methods and materials. The study included 1487 working residents of Moscow and the Moscow region, 931 men and 556 women, aged 21 to 77 years (median - 46). H. p. infection was diagnosed by detecting antibodies to IgG bacteria in the blood serum. In 698 infected individuals, the presence of a CagA strain, a marker of virulence of the bacterium, was studied using ELISA. Serum levels of basal glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides were studied, and the body mass index was determined. Results. Infection was discovered in 1348 people (90.6%), CagA positive - 392 (56.2%). Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed in 77 people, 74 - H. p. positive (5.5% ), and 3 - H. p. negative (2.1%). CagA was studied for 31 persons with diabetes. CagA-positive bacterial strain was determined in 22 cases out of 31 (70.1%, p 0,05, by criterion χ²). Among H. p. positive, overweight was registered in 884 cases (65.6%), in H. p. negative - in 74 cases (53.2%) (p

scholarly journals Study protocol for the Cities Changing Diabetes programme: a global mixed-methods approach

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e015240 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. David Napier ◽  
John J Nolan ◽  
Malene Bagger ◽  
Louise Hesseldal ◽  
Anna-Maria Volkmann
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Urban Living ◽  
Global Study

IntroductionUrban living has been shown to affect health in various ways. As the world is becoming more urbanised and almost two-thirds of people with diabetes now live in cities, research into the relationship between urban living, health and diabetes is key to improving the lives of many. The majority of people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes, a subset linked to overweight and obesity, decreased physical activity and unhealthy diets. Diabetes has significant consequences for those living with the condition as well as their families, relationships and wider society. Although care and management are improving, complications remain common, and diabetes is among the leading causes of vision loss, amputation, neuropathy and renal and cardiovascular disease worldwide. We present a research protocol for exploring the drivers of type 2 diabetes and its complications in urban settings through the Cities Changing Diabetes (CCD) partnership programme.Methods and analysisA global study protocol is implemented in eight collaborating CCD partner cities. In each city, academic institutions, municipal representatives and local stakeholders collaborate to set research priorities and plan implementation of findings. Local academic teams execute the study following the global study protocol presented here. A quantitative Rule of Halves analysis obtains measures of the magnitude of the diabetes burden, the diagnosis rates in each city and the outcomes of care. A qualitative Diabetes Vulnerability Assessment explores the urban context in vulnerability to type 2 diabetes and identifies social factors and cultural determinants relevant to health, well-being and diabetes.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol steers the collection of primary and secondary data across the study sites. Research ethics board approval has been sought and obtained in each site. Findings from each of the local studies as well as the result from combined multisite (global) analyses will be reported in a series of core scientific journal papers.

scholarly journals Changes of indicators of the oxidative status of rats in experimentaltype 2 diabetes and their correction by a selenium-chrome-lipid substances from Chlorella vulgaris Beij

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Bodnar ◽  
O. Ya. Lukashiv ◽  
G. B. Vinyarska ◽  
V. V. Grubinko
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Oxidative Processes

Introduction. Receiving effective medicines of natural origin is of great importance in modern medicine and pharmacy. It is important to investigate the causes of origin and occurrence of type 2diabetes, that leads to the development of complex concomitant diseases and complications in patients’ organism, primarily metabolic and regulatory. One of the most promising ways to achieve a balanced diet and prevent metabolic disorders is to use biologically active additives (BAAs) made on a basis of unicellular algae. In such BAAs, all minerals are of natural origin and are in the bound form of natural complexes with proteins, carbohydrates or lipids.The aim of the study – to assessthe oxidative processes status in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity under the influence of the seleniumchromlipid complex from Chlorella vulgarisBeij.and inorganic compounds of chromium and selenium.Research Methods. The experiment was performed using conventional hydrobiological methods of algae cultivation, separation of lipids from algae biomass by chloroform-methanol mixture using the Folch method, modeling the pathology of streptozotocine induced diabetes mellitus, studying oxidative processes in blood and liver of rats (determination of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activity, thiobarbituricacid-reactive substances (TBARS) , diene conjugates and restored glutathione) after the corresponding intragastric administration ofseleniumchromlipid substance that was obtained from chlorella.Results and Discussion. The results of the conducted studies showed a positive effect of seleniumchromlipid substance obtained from chlorella for the simulation of type 2 diabetes on the background of obesity. Under these conditions, the body oxidative status indicators in rats comparing with the indicators in animals with diabetes improved, but remained lower than in healthy animals of control group. The mentioned complex leads to the normalization of a number of metabolism indicators and reduction of intoxication background, which accompanies hyperglycemic pathology.Conclusions. Lipid substances obtained from algae and enriched with trace elements are promising in the prevention and correction of metabolic and regulatory processes. 

Serum Ferritin Status of Patients with Type 2 DM Attending OPD of BIRDEM General Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Khadiza Begum ◽  
Fahmida Islam ◽  
Farjana Aktar ◽  
Murshida Aziz ◽  
Tohfa E Ayub Tahiya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Acute Phase Reactant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Normal Healthy Individual ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Background: In recent times much is talked about of serum ferritin, an acute phase reactant a marker of iron stores in the body and its association with diabetes mellitus. Studies implicate that increased body iron stores and subclinical hemochromatosis has been associated with the development of glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes and its micro as well as macrovascular complications. Material & Methods: This study was carried out to examine and to observe for any relationship between serum ferritin with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our study populations were included 163. Among them 81 type 2 diabetes patients as a case (M=49,F=32, mean 44.68 age in years)and 82 normal healthy individual as a control ( M=35, F=47 , mean 34.71 in years). Results: Majority were healthy outpatients who had come for regular checkup and were matched with controls. Serum ferritin and FBS were estimated and other investigations. Results showed that although Serum ferritin was in the normal range value it was increased in type 2 diabetes patients than in controls and was statistically significant, we did get a positive correlation with duration of diabetes. It can be concluded that there were positive associations between serum ferritin and FBG, age, sex among study groups. Conclusion: In conclusion our study shows that there is significant correlation between increased serum ferritin in diabetes compared to individuals with normal blood sugars in this part and hyper ferritinemia may be one of the causes for development of insulin resistance before overt diabetes. Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 11, No. 1: Jan 2020, P 7-10

Psychosocial Consequences of Body Weight and Obesity

2018 ◽  
pp. 274-286
Author(s):  
Deborah Carr ◽  
Vera K. Tsenkova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Integrative Health ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
Adults And Children

The body weight of U.S. adults and children has risen markedly over the past three decades. The physical health consequences of obesity are widely documented, and emerging research from the Midlife in the United States study and other large-scale surveys reveals the harmful impact of obesity on adults’ psychosocial and interpersonal well-being. This chapter synthesizes recent research on the psychosocial implications of body weight, with attention to explanatory mechanisms and subgroup differences in these patterns. A brief statistical portrait of body weight is provided, documenting rates and correlates of obesity, with a focus on race, gender, and socioeconomic status disparities. The consequences of body weight for three main outcomes are described: institutional and everyday discrimination, interpersonal relationships, and psychological well-being. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the ways that recent integrative health research on the psychosocial consequences of overweight and obesity inform our understanding of population health.

scholarly journals Reduction of estimated fluid volumes following initiation of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a secondary analysis of the placebo-controlled, randomized EMBLEM trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Tanaka ◽  
Michio Shimabukuro ◽  
Hiroki Teragawa ◽  
Yosuke Okada ◽  
Toshinari Takamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
The Body

Abstract Backgrounds/Aim Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors promote osmotic/natriuretic diuresis and reduce excess fluid volume, and this improves cardiovascular outcomes, including hospitalization for heart failure. We sought to assess the effect of empagliflozin on estimated fluid volumes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods The study was a post-hoc analysis of the EMBLEM trial (UMIN000024502), an investigator-initiated, multi-center, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized-controlled trial designed primarily to evaluate the effect of 24 weeks of empagliflozin treatment on vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes and established CVD. The analysis compared serial changes between empagliflozin (10 mg once daily, n = 52) and placebo (n = 53) in estimated plasma volume (ePV), calculated by the Straus formula and estimated the extracellular volume (eEV), determined by the body surface area, measured at baseline and 4, 12, and 24 weeks after initiation of treatment. Correlations were examined between the changes from baseline to week 24 in each estimated fluid volume parameter and several clinical variables of interest, including N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration. Results In an analysis using mixed-effects models for repeated measures, relative to placebo empagliflozin reduced ePV by − 2.23% (95% CI − 5.72 to 1.25) at week 4, − 8.07% (− 12.76 to − 3.37) at week 12, and − 5.60% (− 9.87 to − 1.32) at week 24; eEV by − 70.3 mL (95% CI − 136.8 to − 3.8) at week 4, − 135.9 mL (− 209.6 to − 62.3) at week 12, and − 144.4 mL (− 226.3 to − 62.4) at week 24. The effect of empagliflozin on these parameters was mostly consistent across various patient clinical characteristics. The change in log-transformed NT-proBNP was positively correlated with change in ePV (r = 0.351, p = 0.015), but not with change in eEV. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that initiation of empagliflozin treatment substantially reduced estimated fluid volume parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and CVD, and that this effect was maintained for 24 weeks. Given the early beneficial effect of empagliflozin on cardiovascular outcomes seen in similar patient populations, our findings provide an important insight into the key mechanisms underlying the clinical benefit of the drug. Trial registration University Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry, number 000024502

scholarly journals Free Sugars Consumption in Canada

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1471
Author(s):  
Huma Rana ◽  
Marie-Claude Mallet ◽  
Alejandro Gonzalez ◽  
Marie-France Verreault ◽  
Sylvie St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Baked Products

Free sugars (FS) are associated with a higher risk of dental decay in children and an increased risk of weight gain, overweight and obesity and type 2 diabetes. For this reason, Canada’s Food Guide recommends limiting foods and beverages that contribute to excess free sugars consumption. Estimating FS intakes is needed to inform policies and interventions aimed at reducing Canadians’ consumption of FS. The objective of this study was to estimate FS intake of Canadians using a new method that estimated the free sugars content of foods in the Canadian Nutrient File, the database used in national nutrition surveys. We define FS as sugars present in food products in which the structure has been broken down. We found that 12% of total energy (about 56 g) comes from FS in the diet of Canadians 1 year of age and older (≥1 year). The top four sources were: (1) sugars, syrups, preserves, confectionary, desserts; (2) soft drinks; (3) baked products and (4) juice (without added sugars), and accounted for 60% of total free sugars intake. The results show that efforts need to be sustained to help Canadians, particularly children and adolescents, to reduce their FS intake.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document