Consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with abdominal obesity in rotating shift workers

Abstract Background and aims: Higher intake of ultra-processed foods might be associated with an increased risk of obesity. Our objective was to evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods and their association with nutrient intake and excess body adiposity in shift workers.Design: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2016 with 238 male rotating shift workers. Dietary data is obtained by the 24-hour recall and classified according to processing by the NOVA classification system. Body adiposity indicators assessed were waist circumference and body mass index. Logistic regression models were built and adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary variables.Results: Ultra-processed foods represented on average 22.3% of the total caloric value of the individuals' food consumption, with a maximum value of 66.9%. Participants with the highest tercile of ultra-processed foods consumed more carbohydrate (57%), protein (35%), total fat (96%), saturated fat (79%), cholesterol (68%), and sodium (44%) intake compared to the first tercile (p < 0.001). The most frequencies of ultra-processed foods consumed were bread (81.0%), followed by cookies (45.9%), sweetened beverages (45.7%), processed meats (46.8%), and margarine (46.8%). In multivariable analysis, the highest consumption of ultra-processed foods had 183% higher odds of abdominal obesity (OR = 2.83, 95%CI 1.29-6.22), compared with the lowest consumption. Conclusion: Ultra-processed foods are important contributors to the energy intake of these workers, and higher consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with abdominal obesity.

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Daily branch chained amino acid intakes and the risk of obesity among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-202675/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyun Yang ◽

Weiqin Li ◽

Wei Li ◽

Huikun Liu ◽

Leishen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Daily Energy

Abstract Background Some studies have found that branched amino acid (BCAA) is associated with the risk of obesity among general population, however, not all the results were consistent. The present study aimed to investigate the association of daily BCAA intakes with the risk of postpartum overweight and abdominal obesity among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of 1263 women with prior GDM at 1–5 years post-delivery. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of daily dietary intakes of BCAAs with the risk of overweight and abdominal obesity. Results The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) across quartiles of daily BCAA intakes were 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.97), 1.00 (reference), 1.21 (95% CI 0.88–1.68), and 1.31 (95% CI 0.95–1.81) for general overweight, and 1.38 (95% CI 0.99–1.90), 1.00, 1.19 (95% CI 0.86–1.64), and 1.43 (95% CI 1.04–1.98) for abdominal obesity, respectively. Only women with the lowest quartile of daily BCAA intakes significantly increased the risks of general overweight (OR 1.49; 95 %CI 1.06–2.09) and abdominal obesity (OR 1.50; 95 %CI 1.08–2.11) compared with women at quartile 2 of daily BCAA intakes after further adjustment of daily energy intake. Conclusions The present study indicated U-shaped associations between daily BCAA intakes and the risk of general overweight and abdominal obesity among women with prior GDM.

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Sex Differences in the Association Between Food Insecurity and Obesity Among College Students

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 181-181

Author(s):

Aseel El Zein ◽

Karla Shelnutt ◽

Sarah Colby ◽

Geoffrey Greene ◽

Wenjun Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Food ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to assess the association between food insecurity and obesity and to examine whether it varies by sex. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in spring 2017 among college students from eight U.S. institutions. Participants (n = 683) completed the USDA Adult Food Security Survey and had their weight and height measured by researchers. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the sex-specific associations between food insecurity and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), after adjusting for socioeconomic covariates. Results Overall, 25.4% of students identified as food insecure and 10.5% were obese. The prevalence of obesity increased as the level of food insecurity increased, from 5.2% for those with high food security, 13.4% for those with marginal food security, to 17.4% and 21.6% for students with low and very low food security. In logistic regression analysis, marginal, low and very low food security students had an odds ratio of 2.83 (95% CI: 1.43, 5.57), 3.86 (95% CI: 1.88, 7.91), and 5.05 (95% CI:, 2.44, 10.48) of obesity compared to students with high food security, exhibiting a dose-response relationship. Among females, having marginal (OR = 4.21, 95% CI: 1.70, 9.75), low (OR = 4.51, 95% CI: 1.40, 12.47), or very low food security (OR = 7.08, 95% CI: 2.60, 18.41) predicted higher odds of obesity compared to female students with high food security. Among males, those with low food security had higher odds of obesity (OR = 6.40, 95% CI: 1.78, 20.7). Conclusions The association between food insecurity and obesity in U.S. college students remained after adjustment for multiple socio-economic factors. Overall, food insecure females experienced an increase in the risk of obesity as food insecurity increased; however, only males with low food security had an increased risk of obesity. Programs directed toward obesity prevention need to address any level of food insecurity as a risk factor in females, and target males with low food security. Although beyond the scope of this study, it is possible that programs to reduce food insecurity may help prevent obesity in college students. Funding Sources This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2014–67,001-21,851.

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Screen time exposure and reporting of headaches in young adults: A cross-sectional study

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102415620286 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (11) ◽

pp. 1020-1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ilaria Montagni ◽

Elie Guichard ◽

Claire Carpenet ◽

Christophe Tzourio ◽

Tobias Kurth

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Screen Time ◽

Migraine Headache ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Time Exposure ◽

Increased Risk

Objective The objective of this article is to investigate whether excessive screen time exposure is associated with non-migraine headache and migraine in young adults. Background Increased levels of television time have been associated with increased risk of headache. However, time spent using newer electronic devices with a screen (smartphone, tablet) has not been examined yet. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 4927 participants of the French i-Share cohort. Demographic characteristics, screen time exposure (computers, tablets, smartphones and television) as well as headache/migraine symptoms were recorded in a standardized questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between screen time exposure and headache status. Results Participants had a mean age of 20.8 years and 75.5% were female. The multivariable model showed that students in the highest screen time exposure quintile had an increased risk for migraine. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) was 1.37 (1.14 to 1.66) for migraine when compared with students without headache and with low screen time exposure. This association was somewhat stronger for migraine without aura (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.89). We found no significant association between screen time exposure and non-migraine headache. Conclusion High levels of screen time exposure are associated with migraine in young adults. No significant association was found with non-migraine headache.

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Association of hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype with renal function impairment: a cross-sectional study in a population of Chinese adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22590/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yun Qiu ◽

Qi Zhao ◽

Yian Gu ◽

Na Wang ◽

Yuting Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Hypertriglyceridemic Waist ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background: The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype has been suggested as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but evidence on relationship of triglyceride waist phenotypes with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) status and severity is limited. Our aim was to explore the association of triglyceride waist phenotypes with reduced eGFR and various decreased eGFR stages among Chinese adults.Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among Chinese participants aged 20-74 years during June 2016 to December 2017 in Shanghai, China. An eGFR value below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was defined as Decreased eGFR. The HTGW phenotype was defined as a triglycerides (TG) level ≥1.7 mmol/L and a waist circumference (WC) ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women. We examined the association of triglyceride waist phenotypes with decreased eGFR risk using the weighted logistic regression models.Results: A total of 31,296 adults were included in this study. Compared with normal TG level/normal WC (NTNW) phenotype, normal TG level/enlarged WC (NTGW), elevated TG level/normal WC (HTNW), elevated TG level/enlarged WC (HTGW) were associated with the increased risk of decreased eGFR, with an multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 1.77 (1.42-2.20), 1.48 (1.16-1.90), and 2.30 (1.80-2.93), respectively. These positive associations between triglyceride waist phenotypes and decreased eGFR risk remained across almost all the subgroups, including sex, age, BMI, T2DM, and hypertension. NTGW, HTNW, and HTGW phenotype were consistently positively associated with the risk of mildly and moderately decreased eGFR, but not with severely decreased eGFR risk.Conclusions: HTGW was consistently associated with the increased risk of decreased eGFR and various decreased eGFR stages except for severely decreased eGFR. The findings imply that HTGW may be an important risk factor for renal dysfunction or an indicator for prevention and control aiming to reduce renal function decline.

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Association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the practice of breast-feeding in children under 2 years of age who are beneficiaries of the conditional cash transfer programme, Bolsa Família

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898002000244x ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giovana de Montemor Marçal ◽

Marília Moura e Mendes ◽

Manuela Di Guaraldi Mafra Fragoso ◽

Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo Florêncio ◽

Nassib Bezerra Bueno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Feeding ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Conditional Cash Transfer ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cash Transfer ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adequate Diet ◽

Bolsa Familia

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and the practice of breast-feeding in children under 2 years of age assisted by the conditional cash transfer programme, Bolsa Família Programme (PBF). Design: A cross-sectional study. The consumption of UPF and the practice of breast-feeding were assessed using a structured 24-h recall. Associations were calculated using hierarchical Poisson regression, adjusted at the last level by socio-economic, demographic and environmental variables from previous hierarchical levels. Setting: Six counties from the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Participants: Children aged 6−24 months, assisted by PBF. Results: A total of 1604 children were evaluated, 11·7% of whom were overweight, and most had consumed UPF (90·6%) in the last 24 h. The most consumed UPF were biscuits, chocolate milk and baby food with 74·8, 66·8 and 24·9%, respectively. Through multivariable analysis, an association was found between lower consumption of UPF in the continuation of breast-feeding until the second year of life (prevalence ratio (PR) 0·91, 95 % CI 0·86, 0·96) and in the first year of life (PR 0·93, 95 % CI 0·88, 0·99). Conclusions: It was found that the studied population had a high consumption of UPF, which harmed continued breast-feeding. We highlight the importance of strengthening public policies aimed at the promotion, protection and support of breast-feeding and healthy complementary feeding aimed at populations that have difficulties in physical and economic access to a healthy and adequate diet.

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Early consumption of ultra-processed foods among children under 2 years old in Brazil

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020004759 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Ana Maria Spaniol ◽

Teresa Helena Macedo da Costa ◽

Amanda de Moura Souza ◽

Muriel Bauermann Gubert

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Federal District ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Group 2

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the complementary food consumption according to the extent and purpose of food processing based on NOVA classification among children aged 6–24 months of Federal District, Brazil. Design: We performed a cross-sectional study using a 24-h recall to estimate the daily energy intake and nutrients according to NOVA classification. We conducted a linear regression to assess the association between the processed and ultra-processed foods (UPF) energy intake and the daily energy intake from saturated fat, daily energy intake from total sugars and daily intake of sodium. Setting: Federal District, Brazil. Participants: Five hundred and thirty-eight children aged between 6 and 24 months attended at Primary Health Care Units from March 2017 to March 2018. Results: On average, children aged from 6 to 12 and from 12 to 24 months consumed 2393 and 4054 kJ/d, respectively, and processed and UPF represented one-third of dietary energy intake. Group 2 (processed and UPF) was higher carbohydrate contributors, and lower protein, fibre and most micronutrient contributors, when compared with Group 1 (unprocessed, minimally processed foods and processed culinary ingredients). In addition, the higher the energy intake from processed and UPF, the higher was the daily energy intake from saturated fat, daily energy intake from total sugar and daily intake of sodium. Conclusion: Children are being exposed early to processed and UPF and their share affect the diet’s nutritional quality.

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Factors associated with nutritional status, knowledge and attitudes among tuberculosis patients receiving treatment in Ghana: A cross-sectional study in the Tema Metropolis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0258033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0258033

Author(s):

Prince Kubi Appiah ◽

Bright Osei ◽

Hubert Amu

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Nutritional Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Increased Risk

Background Nutritional deficiencies are generally associated with increased risk and severity of tuberculosis. This study investigated the nutritional status, knowledge, and attitudes of tuberculosis (TB) patients receiving treatment in the Tema Metropolis. Method A cross-sectional design was used to collect data on the nutritional knowledge, attitude, and status of TB patients. Nutritional status was analysed using World Health Organization’s formula for body mass index. Pearson’s chi-square and logistic regression models were used to assess associations between predictor and outcome variables. All statistical analyses were considered significant at p-values < 0.05. Result The prevalence of malnutrition among TB patients was 39.7%, 14.4%, and 4.8% for underweight, overweight, and obesity respectively. There was a high (61.0%) knowledge of nutrition among the patients. Also, 65.8% had good attitude towards nutrition. There were significant associations between normal nutritional status and age of the TB patients (p = 0.041), highest educational level attained (p = 0.036), employment status (p = 0.019), status of alcohol intake (p = 0.031), number of months on TB treatment (p = 0.021), and attitude towards nutrition (p = 0.028). Conclusion There was a reasonable nutrition-related knowledge and attitude towards nutrition among the TB patients. However, that did not reflect on their nutritional status. We recommend continuing education on smoking cessation, avoidance of harmful use of alcohol, and the establishment of food aid and other livelihood intervention programs for TB patients.

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Relationship of Anthropometric Indicators of General and Abdominal Obesity with Hypertension and Their Predictive Performance among Albanians: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103373 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3373

Author(s):

Mohammad Redwanul Islam ◽

Md Moinuddin ◽

Samaha Masroor Saqib ◽

Syed Moshfiqur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Predictive Performance ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Anthropometric Indicators ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Conicity Index

Anthropometric indicators of general and abdominal obesity can predict cardiovascular disease outcomes. Their performance in predicting hypertension (HTN) varies across populations. We aimed to analyze the relationship of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and conicity index (CI) with HTN, to examine their predictive performance and to determine their optimal cut-offs in a nationally representative sample of Albanians aged 15–59 years (n = 20,635). Logistic regression models were fitted and sex-specific receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed. The indicators were positively associated with HTN. Sex modified the relationships, as associations appeared significantly stronger among females than males in the highest categories of the indicators. The area under ROC curves (AUCs) for BMI were 0.729 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.720–0.738) among females and 0.648 (95% CI: 0.633–0.663) among males, and AUCs for WHtR were 0.725 (95% CI: 0.716–0.734) among females and 0.637 (95% CI: 0.622–0.652) among males. However, the AUCs for BMI and WHtR did not differ significantly among females (p = 0.279) and males (p = 0.227). BMI outperformed WC and CI in both sexes. The optimal BMI cut-offs were 27.0 kg/m2 among females and 25.6 kg/m2 among males, and that for WHtR were 0.53 among females and 0.54 among males. BMI and WHtR demonstrated similar discriminatory power, and the identified cut-offs may inform initiatives for structured HTN screening in Albania.

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A Cross-sectional study among Hospital Employees- Metabolic Syndrome and Shift Work

The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health ◽

10.20473/ijosh.v10i2.2021.258-264 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 258

Author(s):

Santhosh E Kumar ◽

Antonisamy B ◽

Henry Kirupakaran ◽

Reginald G Alex

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Shift Work ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Sample Size Calculation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Shift Workers ◽

Hospital Employees ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Shift workers and metabolic syndrome are on the rise in developing nations. The link between Metabolic syndrome and shiftwork is not clear. This study aims to measure the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among shift workers and daytime workers and to assess the association between metabolic syndrome and shift work. Methods: Cross- sectional study was done in a South Indian hospital. Participants were selected via systematic random sampling between the age group of 25 -50 years. There were two study groups – day and shift workers. Sample size calculation was done with an alpha error of 0.05 and power of 80% to detect a 12.5% difference for metabolic syndrome prevalence between the two groups. Outcomes studied include the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and odds of developing metabolic syndrome among shift workers. The Chi-square test and independent t-test were the tests of significance used. The impact of relevant parameters on metabolic syndrome was assessed using univariate and multivariable analysis. Results: Eighty employees were studied in each group. At baseline, differences include; daytime workers were older in age, had a better quality of sleep, were less active physically, and consisted of more vegetarians. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome prevalence was thirty-three percent among the participants. The odds ratio (adjusted for relevant confounders) for shift workers to develop metabolic syndrome was 0.55 (95% CI 0.24 -1.29). Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in a third of the hospital employees studied. There was no statistical difference between shift and daytime workers for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Increased awareness, screening, and preventive measures of the disease are recommended.Keywords: daytime, hospital, metabolic syndrome, shift work, sleep

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The Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Its Correlates among the Adults in Dodoma Region, Tanzania: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Advances in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/6123156 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mariam John Munyogwa ◽

Abdalla Hussein Mtumwa

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models

Introduction. Overweight and obesity are a threat to the public health following their association with noncommunicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. Despite this fact, the information on overweight and obesity, particularly in most developing countries, is still scarce to address the problem. This article partly addresses the gap through the findings of a cross-sectional survey that was conducted in Dodoma Region, Central Tanzania, to determine the prevalence and correlates of abdominal obesity among adults. Methods. Using a community-based cross-sectional survey, data were generated from the participants who aged 18 years and above. Simple random sampling and Kish selection table techniques were used to get the sample who responded through a face-to-face-administered questionnaire. Waist circumference was measured using the guideline of the WHO protocol of measuring waist and hip circumference. Abdominal obesity is defined as a condition with waist circumference >102 cm for men and >88 cm for women. Prevalence was computed with a 95% confidence interval. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were fitted to identify the risk factors associated with abdominal obesity. Results. A total of 840 respondents took part in the study. The overall prevalence of abdominal obesity was found to be 24.88% (209/840). The prevalence of abdominal obesity was significantly higher among women than men (35.14% vs. 6.89%, p<0.0001) and higher among urban dwellers (33.56%) than their rural counterparts (15.56%). Correlates of abdominal obesity was found to be gender, marital status, place of residence, age, education level, and the time used in watching television. Conclusion. This study revealed a high prevalence of abdominal obesity among the people living in the Dodoma Region. Increased age, urban residence, more time spent on television, less walking per day, and being ever married were all associated with having abdominal obesity in this population.

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