Complete Genome Sequence of Bacteriophage EFC1 Infecting Enterococcus Faecalis From Chicken

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Na Liu
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Lytic Phage ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Circular Dna ◽  
Intron Structure ◽  
Comparative Phylogenetic Analysis

Abstract In response to Enterococcus faecalis infection of chicken origin, a multi host lytic phage, EFC1 was isolated and characterized the double-stranded circular DNA genome with size of 56099 bp, containing 89 predicted protein coding genes as well as 2 tRNAs involved in intron, structure, transcription, packaging, DNA replication, modification, lysis. Observation of the structure by electron microscopy and comparative phylogenetic analysis of terminase large subunit showed that the phage EFC1 belongs to a new member of Siphoviridae, which is relatively distantly related to its high similarity phages. The phage EFC1 has no relevant virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes.

scholarly journals Genomic Insights into Biofilm-Forming Enterococcus faecalis SK460 Isolated from a Chronic Diabetic Ulcer Patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthika Suryaletha ◽  
Lekshmi Narendrakumar ◽  
Joby John ◽  
Dinesh Reghunathan ◽  
Manoj Prasannakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Ulcer Patient ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Ulcer

ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecalis is recognized as one of the leading pathogens causing nosocomial infections. Here we report a draft genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis SK460, isolated from a chronic diabetic foot ulcer patient. This strain exhibits various biofilm-associated genes, virulence genes, and antibiotic-resistance genes related to aminoglycoside, macrolide, and tetracycline resistance.

scholarly journals Molecular characteristics and virulence gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Hainan, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehan Li ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Kai Xu ◽  
Chenglin Li ◽  
Yirong Li
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A

Abstract Background There have been no reports regarding the molecular characteristics, virulence features, and antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from Hainan, the southernmost province of China. Methods Two hundred twenty-seven S. aureus isolates, consisting of 76 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 151 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), were collected in 2013–2014 and 2018–2019 in Hainan, and investigated for their molecular characteristics, virulence genes, antibiotic resistance profiles and main antibiotic resistance genes. Results Forty sequence types (STs) including three new STs (ST5489, ST5492 and ST5493), and 79 Staphylococcal protein A (spa) types were identified based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing, respectively. ST398 (14.1%, 32/227) was found to be the most prevalent, and the prevalence of ST398-MSSA increased significantly from 2013 to 2014 (5.5%, 5/91) to 2018–2019 (18.4%, 25/136). Seventy-six MRSA isolates were subject to staphylococcus chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing. SCCmec-IVa was the predominant SCCmec type, and specifically, ST45-SCCmec IVa, an infrequent type in mainland China, was predominant in S. aureus from Hainan. The antibiotic resistance profiles and antibiotic resistance genes of S. aureus show distinctive features in Hainan. The resistant rates of the MRSA isolates to a variety of antibiotics were significantly higher than those of the MSSA isolates. The predominant erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes were ermC (90.1%, 100/111) and tetK (91.8%, 78/85), respectively. Eleven virulence genes, including the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) and eta, were determined, and the frequency of eta and pvl were found to be 57.3 and 47.6%. Such high prevalence has never been seen in mainland China before. Conclusion S. aureus isolates in Hainan have unique molecular characteristics, virulence gene and antibiotic resistance profiles, and main antibiotic resistance genes which may be associated with the special geographical location of Hainan and local trends in antibiotic use.

scholarly journals CRISPR-Cas and Restriction-Modification Act Additively against Conjugative Antibiotic Resistance Plasmid Transfer in Enterococcus faecalis

mSphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie J. Price ◽  
Wenwen Huo ◽  
Ardalan Sharifi ◽  
Kelli L. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Restriction Modification

ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterium that normally inhabits the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other animals. Although these bacteria are members of our native gut flora, they can cause life-threatening infections in hospitalized patients. Antibiotic resistance genes appear to be readily shared among high-risk E. faecalis strains, and multidrug resistance in these bacteria limits treatment options for infections. Here, we find that CRISPR-Cas and restriction-modification systems, which function as adaptive and innate immune systems in bacteria, significantly impact the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in E. faecalis populations. The loss of these systems in high-risk E. faecalis suggests that they are immunocompromised, a tradeoff that allows them to readily acquire new genes and adapt to new antibiotics. Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen and a leading cause of nosocomial infections. Conjugative pheromone-responsive plasmids are narrow-host-range mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that are rapid disseminators of antibiotic resistance in the faecalis species. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas and restriction-modification confer acquired and innate immunity, respectively, against MGE acquisition in bacteria. Most multidrug-resistant E. faecalis isolates lack CRISPR-Cas and possess an orphan locus lacking cas genes, CRISPR2, that is of unknown function. Little is known about restriction-modification defense in E. faecalis. Here, we explore the hypothesis that multidrug-resistant E. faecalis strains are immunocompromised. We assessed MGE acquisition by E. faecalis T11, a strain closely related to the multidrug-resistant hospital isolate V583 but which lacks the ~620 kb of horizontally acquired genome content that characterizes V583. T11 possesses the E. faecalis CRISPR3-cas locus and a predicted restriction-modification system, neither of which occurs in V583. We demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas and restriction-modification together confer a 4-log reduction in acquisition of the pheromone-responsive plasmid pAM714 in biofilm matings. Additionally, we show that the orphan CRISPR2 locus is functional for genome defense against another pheromone-responsive plasmid, pCF10, only in the presence of cas9 derived from the E. faecalis CRISPR1-cas locus, which most multidrug-resistant E. faecalis isolates lack. Overall, our work demonstrated that the loss of only two loci led to a dramatic reduction in genome defense against a clinically relevant MGE, highlighting the critical importance of the E. faecalis accessory genome in modulating horizontal gene transfer. Our results rationalize the development of antimicrobial strategies that capitalize upon the immunocompromised status of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis. IMPORTANCE Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterium that normally inhabits the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other animals. Although these bacteria are members of our native gut flora, they can cause life-threatening infections in hospitalized patients. Antibiotic resistance genes appear to be readily shared among high-risk E. faecalis strains, and multidrug resistance in these bacteria limits treatment options for infections. Here, we find that CRISPR-Cas and restriction-modification systems, which function as adaptive and innate immune systems in bacteria, significantly impact the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in E. faecalis populations. The loss of these systems in high-risk E. faecalis suggests that they are immunocompromised, a tradeoff that allows them to readily acquire new genes and adapt to new antibiotics.

Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Enterococcus faecalis Isolated From Human Dental Plaque

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Bakhti ◽  
Mona Akhondnezhad ◽  
Mehrdad Gholami ◽  
Mohtaram Nasrolahei ◽  
Hamid Reza Goli
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Virulence Genes

scholarly journals Molecular characterisation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic and healthy rabbits in Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Raouia Ben Rhouma ◽  
Ahlem Jouini ◽  
Amira Klibi ◽  
Safa Hamrouni ◽  
Aziza Boubaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1

The purpose of this study was to identify <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolates in diarrhoeic and healthy rabbits in Tunisia and characterise their virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. In the 2014-2015 period, 60 faecal samples from diarrhoeic and healthy rabbits were collected from different breeding farms in Tunisia. Susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents was tested by disc diffusion method and the mechanisms of gene resistance were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing methods. Forty <em>E. coli</em> isolates were recovered in selective media. High frequency of resistance to tetracycline (95%) was detected, followed by different levels of resistance to sulphonamide (72.5%), streptomycin (62.5%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (60%), nalidixic acid (32.5%), ampicillin (37.5%) and ticarcillin (35%). <em>E. coli</em> strains were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and imipenem. Different variants of bla<sub>TEM</sub>, <em>tet</em>, <em>sul</em> genes were detected in most of the strains resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and sulphonamide, respectively. The presence of class 1 integron was studied in 29 sulphonamide-resistant <em>E. coli</em> strains from which 15 harboured class 1 integron with four different arrangements of gene cassettes, <em>dfrA17</em>+<em>aadA5</em> (n=9), <em>dfrA1</em> + <em>aadA1</em> (n=4), <em>dfrA12</em> + <em>addA2</em> (n=1), <em>dfrA12</em>+<em>orf</em>+<em>addA2</em> (n=1). The <em>qnrB</em> gene was detected in six strains out of 13 quinolone-resistant <em>E. coli</em> strains. Seventeen <em>E. coli</em> isolates from diarrhoeic rabbits harboured the enteropathogenic eae genes associated with different virulence genes tested (<em>fimA</em>, <em>cnf1</em>, <em>aer</em>), and affiliated to B2 (n=8) and D (n=9) phylogroups. Isolated <em>E. coli</em> strains from healthy rabbit were harbouring <em>fim A</em> and/or <em>cnf1</em> genes and affiliated to A and B1 phylogroups. This study showed that <em>E. coli</em> strains from the intestinal tract of rabbits are resistant to the widely prescribed antibiotics in medicine. Therefore, they constitute a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant genes, which may play a significant role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. In addition, the eae virulence gene seemed to be implicated in diarrhoea in breeder rabbits in Tunisia.

Occurrence of virulence-associated genes in clinical Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated in Londrina, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1069-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Bittencourt de Marques ◽  
Sérgio Suzart
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
Serious Infections

Epidemiological studies have reinforced the importance of Enterococcus faecalis in causing serious infections, and to date, our understanding of how certain virulence factors are involved in the pathogenesis of enterococcal infections is still limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the occurrence of known virulence determinants in a group of E. faecalis strains isolated from different clinical sources in Brazil. A total of 95 E. faecalis strains were investigated for the presence of nine virulence genes including aggA, cylA, cylB, cylM, eep, efaA, enlA, esp and gelE by using PCR. The data showed a relatively wide distribution of the virulence genes among the investigated strains. The clinical strains carried at least one and concomitantly up to as many as eight virulence markers, with two or three being the most common pattern. Most of the strains carried efaA (58.9 %), eep (58.9 %) and esp (57.9 %) genes, whereas the remaining virulence markers were detected in variable percentages ranging from 9.5 to 45 %. Simultaneous presence of virulence markers was observed among clinical strains regardless of their sources. In this study, the efaA + esp + gelE + profile was the virulence genotype most frequently detected among E. faecalis strains. Finally, there was no significant association between virulence markers and clinical sources.

scholarly journals Effects of Biofilm Growth on Plasmid Copy Number and Expression of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Enterococcus faecalis

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Cook ◽  
G. M. Dunny
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Plasmid Copy Number ◽  
Plasmid Copy ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTBiofilm growth causes increased average plasmid copy number as well as increased copy number heterogeneity inEnterococcus faecaliscells carrying plasmid pCF10. In this study, we examined whether biofilm growth affected the copy number and expression of antibiotic resistance determinants for several plasmids with diverse replication systems. Four differentE. faecalisplasmids, unrelated to pCF10, demonstrated increased copy number in biofilm cells. In biofilm cells, we also observed increased transcription of antibiotic resistance genes present on these plasmids. The increase in plasmid copy number correlated with increased plating efficiency on high concentrations of antibiotics. Single-cell analysis of strains carrying two different plasmids suggested that the increase in plasmid copy number associated with biofilm growth was restricted to a subpopulation of biofilm cells. Regrowth of harvested biofilm cells in liquid culture resulted in a rapid reduction of plasmid copy number to that observed in the planktonic state. These results suggest a possible mechanism by which biofilm growth could reduce susceptibility to antibiotics in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Emerging MDR-Pseudomonas aeruginosa in fish commonly harbor oprL and toxA virulence genes and blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and tetA antibiotic-resistance genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelazeem M. Algammal ◽  
Mahmoud Mabrok ◽  
Elayaraja Sivaramasamy ◽  
Fatma M. Youssef ◽  
Mona H. Atwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Total Prevalence

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antibiogram of Pseudomonasaeruginosa (P.aeruginosa), and the distribution of virulence genes (oprL,exoS, phzM, and toxA) and the antibiotic-resistance genes (blaTEM, tetA, and blaCTX-M). A total of 285 fish (165 Oreochromisniloticus and 120 Clariasgariepinus) were collected randomly from private fish farms in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. The collected specimens were examined bacteriologically. P. aeruginosa was isolated from 90 examined fish (31.57%), and the liver was the most prominent infected organ. The antibiogram of the isolated strains was determined using a disc diffusion method, where the tested strains exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR) to amoxicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, and gentamicin. The PCR results revealed that all the examined strains harbored (oprL and toxA) virulence genes, while only 22.2% were positive for the phzM gene. On the contrary, none of the tested strains were positive for the exoS gene. Concerning the distribution of the antibiotic resistance genes, the examined strains harbored blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and tetA genes with a total prevalence of 83.3%, 77.7%, and 75.6%, respectively. Experimentally infected fish with P.aeruginosa displayed high mortalities in direct proportion to the encoded virulence genes and showed similar signs of septicemia found in the naturally infected one. In conclusion, P.aeruginosa is a major pathogen of O.niloticus and C.gariepinus.oprL and toxA genes are the most predominant virulence genes associated with P.aeruginosa infection. The blaCTX-M,blaTEM, and tetA genes are the main antibiotic-resistance genes that induce resistance patterns to cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and tetracycline, highlighting MDR P.aeruginosa strains of potential public health concern.

scholarly journals Genetic relatedness of the Enterococcus faecalis isolates in stool and urine samples of patients with community-acquired urinary tract infection

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Ghalavand ◽  
Masoud Alebouyeh ◽  
Kiandokht Ghanati ◽  
Leila Azimi ◽  
Marjan Rashidan
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Molecular Fingerprints ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Mic Value

Abstract Background Community-acquired urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) could be caused by endogenous or exogenous routes. To show this relationship, we investigated molecular fingerprints and genotypes of paired Enterococcus faecalis isolated from the urine of symptomatic patients and their fecal samples. Results Out of the studied patients, 63 pairs of E. faecalis isolates were obtained simultaneously from their urine and feces samples. All the strains were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, nitrofurantoin, and daptomycin (MIC value: ≤ 4 µg/ml), while resistance to tetracycline (urine: 88.9%; stool: 76.2%) and minocycline (urine: 87.3%, stool: 71.4%) was detected in most of them. The most common detected virulence genes were included efbA, ace, and gelE. RAPD-PCR and PFGE analyses showed the same patterns of molecular fingerprints between paired of the isolates in 26.9% and 15.8% of the patients, respectively. Conclusions Similarity of E. faecalis strains between the urine and feces samples confirmed the occurrence of endogenous infection via contamination with colonized bacteria in the intestinal tract. Carriage of a complete virulence genotype in the responsible strains was statistically in correlation with endogenous UTI, which shows their possible involvement in pathogenicity of uropathogenic E. faecalis strains.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document