scholarly journals A comparative and diachronic analysis of film title translations and appellative effect transfer into Croatian and German

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Gabrić ◽  
Iva Brajković ◽  
Letizia Licchetta ◽  
Dorotea Kelčec Ključarić ◽  
Juraj Bezuh
Keyword(s):  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Diachronic Change ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Diachronic Changes

Abstract Studies of film title translations remain scant to this day. The existing studies mainly focus on investigating the sources of difficulties during the translation process. Although the studies employ different analytical approaches, the conclusion in almost all investigations is that the decisive objective during the translation process is the transfer or production of the appellative effect. This study investigates which strategies are employed during translation into Croatian and German and why, as well as possible diachronic changes in the choice of translation strategies. We created a corpus of 935 film titles from 1923 to 2017 and their translations into Croatian and German, which we first classified as either direct translations, free translations, transcreations or transcriptions, and finally we quantitatively and qualitatively analysed the data. Our results show significant differences between the two subcorpora in the choice of translation strategies and motivation, as well as in the patterns of diachronic change. Furthermore, correlations with specific cultural-historical processes are observed.

scholarly journals A comparative and diachronic analysis of film title translations and appellative effect transfer into Croatian and German

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Gabrić ◽  
Iva Brajković ◽  
Letizia Licchetta ◽  
Juraj Bezuh ◽  
Dorotea Kelčec Ključarić
Keyword(s):  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Direct Translation ◽  
Diachronic Change ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Diachronic Changes

Studies of film title translations remain scant to this day. The existing studies mainly focus on investigating the sources of difficulties during the translation process. Although the studies employ different analytical approaches, the conclusion in almost all investigations is that the decisive objective during the translation process is the transfer or production of the appellative effect. This study investigates which strategies are employed during translation into Croatian and German and why, as well as possible diachronic changes in the choice of translation strategies. We created a corpus of 935 film titles from 1923 to 2017 and their translations into Croatian and German, which we first classified as direct translation, free translation, transcreation or transcription, and finally we quantitatively and qualitatively analysed the data. Our results show considerable differences between the two subcorpora in the choice of translation strategies and motivation, as well as in the patterns of diachronic change. Furthermore, correlations with specific cultural-historical processes are observed.

A Survey on Document-level Neural Machine Translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Sameen Maruf ◽  
Fahimeh Saleh ◽  
Gholamreza Haffari
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Current State ◽  
Evaluation Strategies ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Document Level

Machine translation (MT) is an important task in natural language processing (NLP), as it automates the translation process and reduces the reliance on human translators. With the resurgence of neural networks, the translation quality surpasses that of the translations obtained using statistical techniques for most language-pairs. Up until a few years ago, almost all of the neural translation models translated sentences independently , without incorporating the wider document-context and inter-dependencies among the sentences. The aim of this survey article is to highlight the major works that have been undertaken in the space of document-level machine translation after the neural revolution, so researchers can recognize the current state and future directions of this field. We provide an organization of the literature based on novelties in modelling and architectures as well as training and decoding strategies. In addition, we cover evaluation strategies that have been introduced to account for the improvements in document MT, including automatic metrics and discourse-targeted test sets. We conclude by presenting possible avenues for future exploration in this research field.

Simple and complex cognitive modelling in oblique translation strategies in a corpus of English

Target ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Sandra Peña-Cervel ◽  
Carla Ovejas-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Cognitive Modelling ◽  
English Drama ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Peninsular Spanish

Abstract This article provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the translation of English drama film titles into Peninsular Spanish, drawing on cognitive modelling and following preliminary findings in Peña-Cervel (2016). Our study is consistent with the epistemological and ontological grounding of Cognitive Linguistics (Samaniego-Fernández 2007) and contributes to satisfying one of the major challenges Rojo-López and Ibarretxe-Antuñano (2013a, 10) identify for present-day Translation Studies: To reveal the conceptual substratum that guides the translation process. Our approach does not rely on an exhaustive classification of clear-cut and well-defined translation techniques, but rather on a broad distinction between direct and oblique strategies. We demonstrate how the notion of cognitive operation, as proposed by Ruiz de Mendoza-Ibáñez and Galera-Masegosa (2014), can help elucidate the sometimes seemingly arbitrary relationship between original English titles and their counterparts in Spanish, especially in cases of traditionally so-called free translations. Stands-for relations, such as expansion and reduction, are shown to play a fundamental role in the translation process and the fruitful combination of cognitive operations into conceptual complexes is explored. Our study attempts to go beyond descriptive adequacy in order to achieve explanatory adequacy.

scholarly journals Let the Game Begin: Ergodic as an Approach for Video Game Translation

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
SF. Lukfianka Sanjaya Purnama ◽  
SF. Luthfie Arguby Purnomo ◽  
Dyah Nugrahani
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

This paper attempts to propose ergodic as an approach for video game translation. The word approach here refers to an approach for translation products and to an approach for the translation process. The steps to formulate ergodic as an approach are first, Aarseth’sergodic literature is reviewed to elicit a basis for comprehension toward its relationship with video games and video game translation Secondly, taking the translation of Electronic Arts’Need for Speed: Own the City, Midway’s Mortal Kombat: Unchained, and Konami’s Metal Gear Solid, ergodic based approach for video game translation is formulated. The formulation signifies that ergodic, as an approach for video game translation, revolves around the treatment of video games as a cybertext from which scriptons, textons, and traversal functions as the configurative mechanism influence the selection of translation strategies and the transferability of variables and traversal function, game aesthetics, and ludus and narrative of the games. The challenges countered when treating video games as a cybertext are the necessities for the translators to convey anamorphosis, mechanical and narrative hidden meaning of the analyzed frame, to consider the textonomy of the games, and at the same time to concern on GILT (Globalization, Internationalization, Localization, and Translation).KeywordsErgodic ; Translation Approach; Video Game Translation ; Textonomy; Anamorphosis

scholarly journals Multiple drainage reversal episodes and glacial refugia in a Patagonian fish revealed by sequenced microsatellites

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1928) ◽  
pp. 20200468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Ruzzante ◽  
Annie P. Simons ◽  
Gregory R. McCracken ◽  
Evelyn Habit ◽  
Sandra J. Walde
Keyword(s):  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
Analytical Approaches

The rise of the southern Andes and the Quaternary glacial cycles influenced the landscape of Patagonia, affecting the phylogeographic and biogeographic patterns of its flora and fauna. Here, we examine the phylogeography of the freshwater fish, Percichthys trucha, using 53 sequenced microsatellite DNA markers . Fish ( n = 835) were collected from 16 river systems (46 locations) spanning the species range on both sides of the Andes. Eleven watersheds drain to the Pacific, five of which are trans-Andean (headwaters east of Andes). The remaining five drainages empty into the Atlantic. Three analytical approaches (neighbour-joining tree, hierarchical AMOVAs, S tructure ) revealed evidence of historic drainage reversals: fish from four of the five trans-Andean systems (Puelo, Futalaufquen/Yelcho, Baker, Pascua) exhibited greater genetic similarity with Atlantic draining systems than with Pacific systems with headwaters west of Andes. Present-day drainage (Pacific versus Atlantic) explained only 5% of total genetic variance, while ancestral drainage explained nearly 27% of total variance. Thus, the phylogeographic structure of P. trucha is consistent with episodes of drainage reversal in multiple systems and suggests a major role for deglaciation in the genetic and indeed the geographical distribution of P. trucha in Patagonia. The study emphasizes the significant role of historical processes in the current pattern of genetic diversity and differentiation in a fish from a southern temperate region.

scholarly journals Foreignization and domestication strategies in cultural term translation of tourism brochures

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Choirul Fuadi
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
Analysis Strategy ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Special Region

<p>In translating brochure, a translator has to make a decision on the basis of the message and purpose. The translator is faced by two strategies of translation – foreignization and domestication. The purpose of the study is to examine how the interrelationship between cultural term translation and foreignization or domestication strategy in the cultural term translation of tourism brochure from Indonesian into English. This study used qualitative descriptive with discourse analysis strategy. The note-taking technique is used to identify and classify the data. The objects of the study are tourism brochures from Province of Special Region of Yogyakarta and Central Java in 2015. The findings show that the translation strategies used depend on the translation process. When the cultural terms are familiar, translator tends to use domestication strategy and consider the target text. Translator chooses domestication strategy because try to make tourist understand the text and produce communicative and natural translation. On the other hand, when cultural terms are foreign, translator using foreignization strategy and consider source text. Using foreignization strategy, translator tends to introduce traditional cultural term.</p>

scholarly journals The Application of Translation Strategies to Cope With Equivalence Problems in Translating Texts

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dhini Aulia
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Problem ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Specific Concept ◽  
Equivalence Problems

Translation is a process to render the meaning from the source text into the target text. A translator, however, will find some problems during translation process. Equivalence is the case which often appears (i.e. culture specific concept, the source-language concept is not lexicalized in the target language, source-language word is semantically complex, etc). To cope with equivalnce problems in translation process, some experts suggest some strategies which can be applied in doing translation. Some strategies are transference, naturalization, cultural equivalent, etc. The strategies which often appears in the example texts in this paper are transference, naturalization, descriptive equivalent, couplet and  through-translation. It is recomended that translator apply the strategies if only there is no equivalence problem in target language. 

scholarly journals Overloads resulting from the volume of movements in choreography and sports. Message IV. Pelvis and hip joints apophysitis (diachronic analysis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-199
Author(s):  
O.S. Vasiliev ◽  
◽  
I.A. Stepanik ◽  
S.P. Levushkin ◽  
A.V. Rokhlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sports Injuries ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Acute Injuries ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Almost All

High-amplitude movements in ballet and sports significantly increase the load on the tendon-muscleligament apparatus of the pelvis and hip joints, which leads to apophysites. The aesthetic demands for movements requiring leg turnout significantly modifies the biomechanics of musculoskeletal motion, creating overuse in structures that are rarely "overused" during natural (without turning legs out) movements. Overuse injuries in these children and adolescents are much more common than acute injuries. Most apophysitis, especially apophysitis of pelvic bones and hip joints, remain undiagnosed and mixed up with usual sports injuries. The difficulty in diagnosing the apophysites is that almost all modern methods of instrumental diagnostics are not apophysitis specific and, in most cases, visualize a variety of age norm. Physical examination still remains the optimal method of apophysites diagnostics

scholarly journals TRANSLATION AS A HUMAN ACTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Coşkun Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Cultural Transfer ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Individual Structure ◽  
The Individual

Translation act, which has been regarded as a sub-discipline of linguistics for many years, has a theoretical structure as an independent science. In this context, his understanding of translation act has also changed. The act of translation does not only consist of linguistic and textual problems. The act of translation is no longer an interlanguage transfer process and is carried out within the framework of multilateral cooperation. The translator, who is expected to perform the translation act in all its dimensions alone, now directs translation in the context of cooperation as a social business. This new understanding of translation, which puts the translator at the center of the translation act, imposes a social responsibility on the translator. As an expert, the translator undertakes a social role by planning the translation act. Translation, which is an act of cultural transference from the source text, is expected to be reflected in accordance with its function in culture. In this sense, the emotions, creativity and conditions of the translator as a person affect the cultural transfer through the act of translation. Translation act is a process planned by the translator. This process is determined individually. In this respect, the individual structure characteristics and experiences of the translator who directs the translation act are also of great importance. While analyzing the text in the translation process, the translator must also implement translation strategies according to text differences. Otherwise, the balance between the source text and the target text will be disrupted. The act of translation, as an act of thought, is a human act of the translator that bridges different socio-cultural structures. In this study, the problems experienced by the translator while performing the translation act as a human will be examined. The importance of the identity of the translator who performs the act of translation as a cultural transfer function in the context of social cooperation will be examined. Problems arising from the fact that translation act is a human act will be interpreted as a qualitative research by scanning the relevant sources. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0750/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals A Study on Zeng Hu’s Translation of The Thorn Birds from the Perspective of Chesterman’s Norm Theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Chengyi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Professional Norms ◽  
Norm Theory ◽  
Further Development

Based on the norm theory of Toury and Hermans, Chesterman makes a further development on the study of translation norms. In his theory, translation norms fall into two categories: expectancy norms and professional norms. Expectancy norms are from the expectations of target readers and influenced by the economic, political and cultural factors of the target society. Professional norms manipulate the translation process and are subject to expectancy norms. Professional norms can be further divided into accountability norms, communication norms and relation norms. Chesterman’s norm theory covers the ethical, social and skill norms during the whole translation process, which has great significance for translation studies and practice. The author of this paper has conducted an overall study on The Thorn Birds translated by Zeng Hu from the perspective of Chesterman’s norm theory, aiming to analyze the translator’s conformity to these norms and how these norms influence his translation. It can be concluded that translation is a norm-governed activity. During the translation of The Thorn Birds, the translator Zeng Hu has, in his own way, ingeniously conformed to the translation norms by Chesterman: he not only conforms to the expectancy norms by adopting different translation strategies and styles according to the target readers’ needs, but also applies professional norms to make his translation work well accepted by readers and enjoy lasting popularity. Thus, it can be seen that the instructional and normative effects of translation norms is of vital importance to the success of a translation.

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