Medicinal Plant Iris Japonica as Histidine Kinase Inhibitor Candidate Can Enhance Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Resistant to β-Lactam Antibiotics

Abstract Background Bacteria can respond to antibiotics in the environment by histidine kinase (HK) sensor then induce drug-resistance. In this article,antibiotic susceptibility and ESBLs genes of β-lactam-resistant E. coli interfered by I. japonica were investigated to reveal I. japonica can be HK inhibitor candidate[1]. Methods E-test were applied to measure the MIC of E. coli to penicillin G and cefotaxime sodium according to 2017CLSI. Microplate dilution methods were applied to explore sensitivity variation of penicillin G and cefotaxime sodium of Escherichia coli, which contain only one single β-lactamase gene. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR were performed to determine the inducing effects of penicillin G and cefotaxime sodium to E. coli TEM, SHV, CTX-M and KPC single gene expression, and the interrupting effect of I. japonica extracts. Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography and bacterial protein phosphorylation detection kit were performed to determine the change of bacterial protein phosphorylation concentration of Escherichia coli, after the induction of 1/4 penicillin G and cefotaxime sodium, and the interrupting effect of I. japonica extracts,HK inhibitor closantel was used as the positive control. Results 1/4 MIC penicillin G or cefotaxime sodium could induce more than 10 times elevation of TEM, SHV and CTX-M mRNAs. While, I. japonica aqueous extracts (250 mg/mL) and ethanol extracts (100 µg/mL or 50 µg/mL) could decreased more than 40% of gene expression induced by antibiotics. I. japonica extracts could significantly enhance the sensitivity of β-lactam antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains to penicillin G or cefotaxime sodium, and could block the TEM, CTX-M and SHV mRNA induced by 1/4 MIC concentration antibiotics. Penicillin G and cefotaxime sodium at 1/4 MIC induced the protein phosphorylation of TEM, SHV and CTX-M promoted. Closantel (132.5 µg/mL), I. japonica aqueous extracts (250 mg/mL) and ethanol extracts (100 µg/mL) could inhibit the protein phosphorylation induced by above mentioned antibiotics. Conclusion I. japonica extracts can enhance the sensitivity of β-lactam antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. The mechanism may be that I. japonica extracts can be used as the inhibitor of HK phosphorylation, inhibit the transmission of antibiotic signal in TCSS, and reduce the expression of ESBLs gene.

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Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Khaya senegalensis bark extracts on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis

International Journal of Phytomedicine ◽

10.5138/09750185.1784 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 333 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdullahi Aliyu ◽

Alkali BR ◽

Yahaya MS ◽

Garba A ◽

Adeleye SA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Proteus Mirabilis ◽

Traditional Healers ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

E Coli ◽

Khaya Senegalensis ◽

Ethanol Extracts

The aqueous and ethanol extracts of the bark of Khaya senegalensis were screened for their phytochemical constituents and preliminary antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant on the tested organisms was determined using multiple tubes method.Alkaloids, anthraquinones, glycosides, tannins and steroids were detected in both extracts.The ethanol and aqueous extracts of the plant showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli, with the aqueous extracts having more activity than those of ethanol. However the growth of P. mirabilis was not inhibited by either of the extracts. The MIC value was determined to be 50 mg/ml for B. subtilis and E. coli. The results are suggestive of considerable antibacterial activity of K. senegalensis and may justify its use in the treatment of bacterial diseases by herbalists or traditional healers.

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Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Moringa oleifera Leaves Extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.9734/ajbgmb/2021/v7i130166 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-43

Author(s):

Sheriffdeen Bale Issa ◽

Muhyiddeen Muazu ◽

Isma’il Rabi’u

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

E Coli ◽

Ethanol Extracts

This study tests the antibacterial activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, obtained from Microbiology laboratory, Al-Hikmah University Ilorin. Phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of tannins in all the three extracts (Aqueous, ethanolic and N-hexane), while. flavonoids, alkaloids and Saponins were only present in the Aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The leaves extracts were screened for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method, employing five different extracts concentrations (100mg/ml, 80mg/ml, 60mg/ml, 40mg/ml and 20mg/ml). The aqueous extracts had a mean activity of 11.50±0.70mm, 7.50±0.70mm and 8.5±0.70mm for S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa respectively. The ethanol extracts had a mean activity of 12.00±1.41mm, 10.00±1.41mm and 8.00±1.21mm for S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa respectively, while the N-hexane extracts exert no any activity. The antibiotics discs exert more inhibitory effect compared to the extract. The MIC for the aqueous extracts are at a concentrations of 60mg/ml for S. aureus, 80mg/ml for P. aeruginosa and 80mg/ml for E. coli. While that of the ethanol extract of the leaves are at a concentration of 60mg/ml for S. aureus, 80mg/ml for E. coli and 100mg/ml for P. aeruginosa. The MBC for the aqueous Extract of the leaves are at a concentration of 80mg/ml for S. aureus, 100mg/ml for P. aeruginosa and 100mg/ml for E. coli, while that of the ethanol extract are at a concentration of 80mg/ml for S. aureus and 100mg/ml for E. coli), while no any MBC was recorded for P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity tests indicate that the ethanol extract was more active. Among the three isolates, S. aureus is more sensitive to the aqueous and ethanol extracts. The activity exhibited by the extracts may be related to the presence of a number of Phytoconstituents.

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Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ready-to-Eat Street Foods

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10070850 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 850

Author(s):

Shobha Giri ◽

Vaishnavi Kudva ◽

Kalidas Shetty ◽

Veena Shetty

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Food Safety ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum

As the global urban populations increase with rapid migration from rural areas, ready-to-eat (RTE) street foods are posing food safety challenges where street foods are prepared with less structured food safety guidelines in small and roadside outlets. The increased presence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in street foods is a significant risk for human health because of its epidemiological significance. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have become important and dangerous foodborne pathogens globally for their relevance to antibiotic resistance. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential burden of antibiotic-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae contaminating RTE street foods and to assess the microbiological quality of foods in a typical emerging and growing urban suburb of India where RTE street foods are rapidly establishing with public health implications. A total of 100 RTE food samples were collected of which, 22.88% were E. coli and 27.12% K. pneumoniae. The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae was 25.42%, isolated mostly from chutneys, salads, paani puri, and chicken. Antimicrobial resistance was observed towards cefepime (72.9%), imipenem (55.9%), cefotaxime (52.5%), and meropenem (16.9%) with 86.44% of the isolates with MAR index above 0.22. Among β-lactamase encoding genes, blaTEM (40.68%) was the most prevalent followed by blaCTX (32.20%) and blaSHV (10.17%). blaNDM gene was detected in 20.34% of the isolates. This study indicated that contaminated RTE street foods present health risks to consumers and there is a high potential of transferring multi-drug-resistant bacteria from foods to humans and from person to person as pathogens or as commensal residents of the human gut leading to challenges for subsequent therapeutic treatments.

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Antimicrobial activity of Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oil on extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-020-00458-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Author(s):

E. L. Mejía-Argueta ◽

J. G. Santillán-Benítez ◽

M. M. Canales-Martinez ◽

A. Mendoza-Medellín

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background To test the antimicrobial potential of clove essential oil that has been less investigated on antimicrobial-resistant organisms (extended-spectrum β-lactamase-ESBL-producing Escherichia coli), we collected 135 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains given that E. coli is the major organism increasingly isolated as a cause of complicated urinary and gastrointestinal tract infections, which remains an important cause of therapy failure with antibiotics for the medical sector. Then, in this study, we evaluated the relationship between the antibacterial potential activity of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil (EOSA) and the expression of antibiotic-resistant genes (SHV-2, TEM-20) in plasmidic DNA on ESBL-producing E. coli using RT-PCR technique. Results EOSA was obtained by hydrodistillation. Using Kirby-Baüer method, we found that EOSA presented a smaller media (mean = 15.59 mm) in comparison with chloramphenicol (mean = 17.73 mm). Thus, there were significant differences (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, EOSA had an antibacterial activity, particularly on ECB132 (MIC: 10.0 mg/mL and MBC: 80.0 mg/mL), and a bacteriostatic effect by bactericidal kinetic. We found that the expression of antibiotic-resistant gene blaTEM-20 was 23.52% (4/17 strains) and no expression of blaSHV-2. EOSA presented such as majority compounds (eugenol, caryophyllene) using the GC–MS technique. Conclusions Plant essential oils and their active ingredients have potentially high bioactivity against a different target (membranes, cytoplasm, genetic material). In this research, EOSA might become an important adjuvant against urinary and gastrointestinal diseases caused by ESBL-producing E. coli.

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Amdinocillin (Mecillinam) Resistance Mutations in Clinical Isolates and Laboratory-Selected Mutants of Escherichia coli

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.04819-14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 1718-1727 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Elisabeth Thulin ◽

Martin Sundqvist ◽

Dan I. Andersson

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Cysteine Biosynthesis ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Major Mechanism ◽

Laboratory Selection ◽

Lactam Antibiotic ◽

Tract Infections

ABSTRACTAmdinocillin (mecillinam) is a β-lactam antibiotic that is used mainly for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. The objectives of this study were to identify mutations that confer amdinocillin resistance on laboratory-isolated mutants and clinical isolates ofEscherichia coliand to determine why amdinocillin resistance remains rare clinically even though resistance is easily selected in the laboratory. Under laboratory selection, frequencies of mutation to amdinocillin resistance varied from 8 × 10−8to 2 × 10−5per cell, depending on the concentration of amdinocillin used during selection. Several genes have been demonstrated to give amdinocillin resistance, but here eight novel genes previously unknown to be involved in amdinocillin resistance were identified. These genes encode functions involved in the respiratory chain, the ribosome, cysteine biosynthesis, tRNA synthesis, and pyrophosphate metabolism. The clinical isolates exhibited significantly greater fitness than the laboratory-isolated mutants and a different mutation spectrum. ThecysBgene was mutated (inactivated) in all of the clinical isolates, in contrast to the laboratory-isolated mutants, where mainly other types of more costly mutations were found. Our results suggest that the frequency of mutation to amdinocillin resistance is high because of the large mutational target (at least 38 genes). However, the majority of these resistant mutants have a low growth rate, reducing the probability that they are stably maintained in the bladder. Inactivation of thecysBgene and a resulting loss of cysteine biosynthesis are the major mechanism of amdinocillin resistance in clinical isolates ofE. coli.

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Mechanisms of Resistance in Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains of Human, Animal, and Food Origins

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.48.10.3996-4001.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 3996-4001 ◽

Cited By ~ 269

Author(s):

Yolanda Sáenz ◽

Laura Briñas ◽

Elena Domínguez ◽

Joaquim Ruiz ◽

Myriam Zarazaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Class 1 ◽

Human Animal

ABSTRACT Seventeen multiple-antibiotic-resistant nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains of human, animal, and food origins showed a wide variety of antibiotic resistance genes, many of them carried by class 1 and class 2 integrons. Amino acid changes in MarR and mutations in marO were identified for 15 and 14 E. coli strains, respectively.

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Synergism of the Combination of Traditional Antibiotics and Novel Phenolic Compounds against Escherichia coli

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9100811 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 811

Author(s):

Md. Akil Hossain ◽

Hae-Chul Park ◽

Sung-Won Park ◽

Seung-Chun Park ◽

Min-Goo Seo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Epicatechin Gallate ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Novel Approaches ◽

Rapid Emergence

Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli)-associated infections are becoming difficult to treat because of the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Novel approaches are required to prevent the progression of resistance and to extend the lifespan of existing antibiotics. This study was designed to improve the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics against E. coli using a combination of the gallic acid (GA), hamamelitannin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and epicatechin. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of each of the phenolic compound-antibiotic combinations against E. coli was ascertained. Considering the clinical significance and FICI, two combinations (hamamelitannin-erythromycin and GA-ampicillin) were evaluated for their impact on certain virulence factors of E. coli. Finally, the effects of hamamelitannin and GA on Rattus norvegicus (IEC-6) cell viability were investigated. The FICIs of the antibacterial combinations against E. coli were 0.281–1.008. The GA-ampicillin and hamamelitannin-erythromycin combinations more effectively prohibited the growth, biofilm viability, and swim and swarm motilities of E. coli than individual antibiotics. The concentration of hamamelitannin and GA required to reduce viability by 50% (IC50) in IEC-6 cells was 988.54 μM and 564.55 μM, correspondingly. GA-ampicillin and hamamelitannin-erythromycin may be potent combinations and promising candidates for eradicating pathogenic E. coli in humans and animals.

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Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.984-993 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 984-993 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Md. Abdus Sobur ◽

Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj ◽

Ripon Sarker ◽

A. M. M. Taufiqur Rahman ◽

S. M. Lutful Kabir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

One Health ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine load of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in dairy farm and its environmental components. In addition, the antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria having public health impact was also determined along with identification of virulence and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under a one-health approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples of six types (cow dung - 15, milk - 10, milkers' hand wash - 10, soil - 10 water - 5, and vegetables - 10) were collected from four dairy farms. For enumeration, the samples were cultured onto plate count agar, eosin methylene blue, and xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar and the isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by PCR. The pathogenic strains of E. coli stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 were also identified through PCR. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes ereA, tetA, tetB, and SHV were performed by PCR. Results: The mean total bacterial count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. count in the samples ranged from 4.54±0.05 to 8.65±0.06, 3.62±0.07 to 7.04±0.48, and 2.52±0.08 to 5.87±0.05 log colony-forming unit/g or ml, respectively. Out of 240 samples, 180 (75%) isolates of E. coli and 136 (56.67%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered through cultural and molecular tests. Among the 180 E. coli isolates, 47 (26.11%) were found positive for the presence of all the three virulent genes, of which stx1 was the most prevalent (13.33%). Only three isolates were identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found highly resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and ertapenem and susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Among the four antibiotic resistance genes, the most observable was tetA (80.51-84.74%) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. and SHV genes were the lowest one (22.06-25%). Conclusion: Dairy farm and their environmental components carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. that are potential threat for human health which requires a one-health approach to combat the threat.

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Retail Chicken Carcasses as a Reservoir of Antimicrobial- Resistant Escherichia coli

University of the Future: Re-Imagining Research and Higher Education ◽

10.29117/quarfe.2020.0115 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nahla Omer Eltai ◽

Hadi M. Yassine ◽

Sara H. Al-Hadidi ◽

Tahra ElObied ◽

Asmaa A. Al Thani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Esbl Producers

The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria has been associated with the inappropriate use of antibiotics in both humans and animals and with the consumption of food contaminated with resistant bacteria. In particular, the use of antibiotics as prophylactic and growth promotion purposes in food-producing animals has rendered many of the antibiotics ineffective. The increased global prevalence of AMR poses a significant threat to the safety of the world’s food supply. Objectives: This study aims at determining the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from local and imported retail chicken meat in Qatar. Methodology: A total of 270 whole chicken carcasses were obtained from three different hypermarket stores in Qatar. A total of 216 E. coli were isolated and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against 18 relevant antibiotics using disc diffusion and micro- dilution methods. Furthermore, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was determined via a double-disc synergetic test. Isolates harboring colistin resistance were confirmed using multiplex-PCR and DNA sequencing. Results: Nearly 89% (192/216) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotics. In general, isolates showed relatively higher resistance to sulfamethoxazole (62%), tetracycline (59.7%), ampicillin and trimethoprim (52.3%), ciprofloxacin (47.7%), cephalothin, and colistin (31.9%). On the other hand, less resistance was recorded against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (6%), ceftriaxone (5.1%), nitrofurantoin (4.2%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (4.2%), cefepime (2.3%), meropenem (1.4%), ertapenem (0.9%), and amikacin (0.9%). Nine isolates (4.2%) were ESBL producers. Furthermore, 63.4% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The percentage of MDR, ESBL producers, and colistin-resistant isolates was significantly higher among local isolates compared to imported chicken samples. Conclusion: We reported a remarkably high percentage of the antibiotic-resistant E. coli in chicken meat sold at retail in Qatar. The high percentage of MDR and colistin isolates is troublesome to the food safety of raw chicken meat and the potential of antibiotic resistance spread to public health. Our findings support the need for the implementation of one health approach to address the spread of antimicrobial resistance and the need for a collaborative solution.

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Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Lake Nainital, Uttarakhand State, India

Journal of Mountain Research ◽

10.51220/jmr.v16i1.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Neha Giri ◽

Anchal Lodhi ◽

Devendra Singh Bisht ◽

Suvarna Bhoj ◽

Deepak Kumar Arya

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Health Concern ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Sample Collection ◽

E Coli ◽

Mar Index ◽

Collection Sites

Researchers have encountered new challenges with the discovery of multiple drug resistance in microbes. Currently, multidrug resistant bacteria are considered a major public health concern and an emerging global epidemic. Presence of Escherichia coli in water is used as a faecal pollution measure. In this study E. coli isolates were collected from 20 sample collection sites at Lake Nainital. 20 E. coli isolates, 1 from each sample collection sites, were examined for their antibiotic response patterns against a panel of widely used 15 antibiotics. The result of this study showed 100% resistance to Penicillin G followed by Erythromycin (80%). All isolates (100%) were found susceptible for Gentamycin. The susceptibilities for Chloramphenicol and Co-trimoxazaole were found next to Gentamycin as 90 and 85% respectively. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was also determined. 0.73 MAR index was observed as highest in 1 isolate. 13 out of 20 isolates had more than 0.2 MAR indices. The result reveals the origin of E. coli isolates from an area of high antibiotics use.

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